南昌大學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告 學(xué)生姓名： 學(xué) 號(hào)： 專業(yè)班級(jí)： 實(shí)驗(yàn)類型： 驗(yàn)證 綜合 設(shè)計(jì) 創(chuàng)新 實(shí)驗(yàn)日期： 實(shí)驗(yàn)成績(jī)： 實(shí)驗(yàn)五 十字路口交通燈控制器設(shè)計(jì) 一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?、進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)經(jīng)典狀態(tài)機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)2、學(xué)會(huì)設(shè)計(jì)?？勺兊褂?jì)時(shí)計(jì)數(shù)器二、實(shí)驗(yàn)要求一條主干道，一條鄉(xiāng)間公路。組成十字路口，要求優(yōu)先保證主干道通行。有MR（主紅）、MY（主黃）、MG（主綠）、CR(鄉(xiāng)紅)、CY（鄉(xiāng)黃）、CG（鄉(xiāng)綠）六盞交通燈需要控制；交通燈由綠紅有4秒黃燈亮的間隔時(shí)間，由紅綠沒(méi)有間隔時(shí)間；系統(tǒng)有MRCY、MRCG、MYCR、MGCR四個(gè)狀態(tài)；鄉(xiāng)間公路右側(cè)各埋有一個(gè)傳感器，當(dāng)有車輛通過(guò)鄉(xiāng)間公路時(shí)，發(fā)出請(qǐng)求信號(hào)S=1，其余時(shí)間S=0；平時(shí)系統(tǒng)停留在MGCR（主干道通行）狀態(tài)，一旦S信號(hào)有效，經(jīng)MYCR（黃燈狀態(tài)）轉(zhuǎn)入MRCG（鄉(xiāng)間公路通行）狀態(tài)，但要保證MGCR的狀態(tài)不得短于一分鐘；一旦S信號(hào)無(wú)效，系統(tǒng)脫離MRCG狀態(tài)。隨即經(jīng)MRCY（黃燈狀態(tài)）進(jìn)入MGCR狀態(tài)，即使S信號(hào)一直有效，MRCG狀態(tài)也不得長(zhǎng)于20秒鐘。三、設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程1，交通燈工作原理分析：根據(jù)交通燈控制器的功能與要求,將其總體電路分為狀態(tài)控制，倒計(jì)時(shí)，數(shù)碼管顯示，信號(hào)燈顯示模塊。外部?jī)陕访}沖振蕩器的頻率選為1 kHz和1 Hz的信號(hào)，1khz信號(hào)用于顯示模塊的掃描，1 Hz信號(hào)用做倒計(jì)時(shí)模塊的計(jì)數(shù)脈沖。由于實(shí)驗(yàn)箱只能接一個(gè)信號(hào)源故加入分頻模塊。2，計(jì)時(shí)電路應(yīng)滿足下列條件1）當(dāng)S=1，且計(jì)數(shù)器已完成60計(jì)數(shù)時(shí)，計(jì)數(shù)器進(jìn)入模4計(jì)數(shù)，隨后進(jìn)入模 20計(jì)數(shù)，再進(jìn)入模4計(jì)數(shù)，再回到模60計(jì)數(shù) 2）當(dāng)計(jì)數(shù)器進(jìn)行摸20計(jì)數(shù)時(shí)，一旦S變?yōu)?，計(jì)數(shù)器立馬進(jìn)入模4計(jì)數(shù)， 再進(jìn)入模60計(jì)數(shù) 3）完成模20計(jì)數(shù)后，不論S為0或1，計(jì)數(shù)器進(jìn)入模4計(jì)數(shù)，再進(jìn)入模60 計(jì)數(shù) 4）若計(jì)數(shù)器未完成模60計(jì)數(shù)，不論S如何變?cè)挘?jì)數(shù)器將繼續(xù)進(jìn)行模60 計(jì)數(shù)3、使用文本設(shè)計(jì)底層文件，并生成相應(yīng)元器件，再使用原理圖設(shè)計(jì)頂層文件四、實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟 1、頂層文件的設(shè)計(jì)頂層原理圖設(shè)計(jì)可以依據(jù)系統(tǒng)框圖進(jìn)行，由狀態(tài)控制計(jì)數(shù)模塊，數(shù)碼管顯示分頻模塊和交通燈顯示模塊（jtdjs，jtdfp,jtdxs）三部分組成。2，各模塊設(shè)計(jì)文件 jtdjs:LIBRARY IEEE;USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL;ENTITY JTDJS IS PORT(CLK1,S,RESET:IN STD_LOGIC; b:BUFFER STD_LOGIC; tim:OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(7 DOWNTO 0);END JTDJS;ARCHITECTURE behav OF JTDJS IS TYPE STA IS(mgcr,mycr,mrcg,mrcy); SIGNAL STATE:STA;BEGIN PROCESS(CLK1) - VARIABLE b:STD_LOGIC:=0; VARIABLE a:STD_LOGIC:=0; VARIABLE th,tl:STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(3 DOWNTO 0);BEGIN IF RESET=0 THEN STATE<=mgcr; th:="0000" ;tl:="0000"a:=0;b<=0; ELSIF CLK1EVENT AND CLK1=1 THEN CASE STATE IS WHEN mgcr => IF S=1 AND b=1 THEN STATE<=mycr;a:=0;th:="0000"tl:="0100"b<=0; - ELSIF S=0 AND b=1 THEN STATE<=mgcr;a:=0;-th:="0110"tl:="0000" ELSE IF a=0 THEN th:="0110"tl:="0000"a:=1; else IF NOT(th="0000" AND tl="0010") then IF tl="0000" then tl:="1001"th:=th-1; else tl:=tl-1; END IF; ELSE th:="0000"tl:="0001"a:=0;b<=1; END IF; END IF; END IF; WHEN mycr => IF a=0 THEN th:="0000"tl:="0100"a:=1; else IF NOT(th="0000" AND tl="0010") then tl:=tl-1; ELSE th:="0000"tl:="0001"a:=0;STATE<=mrcg; END IF; END IF; WHEN mrcg =>IF S=1 THEN IF a=0 THEN th:="0010"tl:="0000"a:=1; else IF NOT(th="0000" AND tl="0010") then IF tl="0000" then tl:="1001"th:=th-1; else tl:=tl-1; END IF; ELSE th:="0000"tl:="0001"a:=0;STATE<=mrcy; END IF; END IF; ELSE a:=0;STATE<=mrcy;th:="0000"tl:="0100" END IF; WHEN mrcy =>IF a=0 THEN th:="0000"tl:="0100"a:=1; else IF NOT(th="0000" AND tl="0010") then tl:=tl-1; ELSE th:="0000"tl:="0001"a:=0;STATE<=mgcr; END IF; END IF; END CASE;tim <= th & tl;END IF;end process;END behav; JTDFPLIBRARY IEEE; USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL; ENTITY JTDFP IS PORT (CLK : IN STD_LOGIC; JIN : IN STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(7 DOWNTO 0); SG : OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(7 DOWNTO 0); sel0,sel1,sel2 : OUT STD_LOGIC; CLK1:buffer STD_LOGIC ); END JTDFP;ARCHITECTURE behav OF JTDFP IS SIGNAL Q : STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(11 DOWNTO 0); SIGNAL P,R: STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(3 DOWNTO 0); SIGNAL CONT8: STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(2 DOWNTO 0); SIGNAL CONT : STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(7 DOWNTO 0); SIGNAL YM : STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(11 DOWNTO 0); SIGNAL A : STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(3 DOWNTO 0); BEGIN F:PROCESS(CLK) BEGIN IF CLKEVENT AND CLK = 1 THEN CONT<=CONT+1; IF CONT=100 THEN CLK1<=1;CONT<="00000000" ELSE CLK1<=0; END IF; END IF; END PROCESS; C:PROCESS( CLK) BEGIN IF CLKEVENT AND CLK=1 THEN IF CONT8<"001" THEN CONT8 <=CONT8+1; ELSE CONT8<=(OTHERS=>0); END IF; END IF; CASE CONT8 IS WHEN "000" => sel0<=0;sel1<=1;sel2<=0;A<=JIN(3 downto 0); WHEN "001" => sel0<=1;sel1<=0;sel2<=0;A<=JIN(7 downto 4); WHEN OTHERS =>NULL; END CASE; END PROCESS ; D:PROCESS(A) BEGIN CASE A IS WHEN "0000" =>SG<="00111111" ;WHEN "0001" =>SG<="00000110" ; WHEN "0010" =>SG<="01011011" WHEN "0011" =>SG<="01001111" WHEN "0100"=>SG<="01100110" WHEN "0101" =>SG<="01101101" WHEN "0110" =>SG<="01111101" WHEN "0111" =>SG<="00000111" WHEN "1000" =>SG<="01111111" WHEN "1001" =>SG<="01101111" WHEN OTHERS=>NULL; END CASE; END PROCESS; END behav; JTDXSLIBRARY IEEE; USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL;ENTITY JTDXS ISPORT(CLK1,S,B,RESET:IN STD_LOGIC; COUNT: IN STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(7 DOWNTO 0); MG,MY,MR,CG,CY,CR:OUT STD_LOGIC);END JTDXS ;ARCHITECTURE behav OF JTDXS IS TYPE STATES IS(mgcr,mycr,mrcg,mrcy); SIGNAL STATE:STATES; BEGIN PROCESS(STATE,CLK1, S,RESET) BEGIN IF RESET=0 THEN STATE<=mgcr;MG<=1;CR<=1;MY<=0;MR<=0;CG<=0;CY<=0; ELSIF CLK1EVENT AND CLK1=1 then CASE STATE IS WHEN mgcr=>IF B=1 AND S=1THEN STATE<=mycr;MY<=1;CR<=1;MG<=0;MR<=0;CG<=0;CY<=0; ELSE STATE<=mgcr;MG<=1;CR<=1;MY<=0;MR<=0;CG<=0;CY<=0; END IF; WHEN mycr=>IF COUNT="00000001" THEN STATE<=mrcg;MR<=1;CG<=1;MG<=0;MY<=0;CR<=0;CY<=0; ELSE STATE<=mycr;MY<=1;CR<=1;MG<=0;MR<=0;CG<=0;CY<=0; END IF; WHEN mrcg=>IF COUNT="00000001" OR S=0THEN STATE<=mrcy;MR<=1;CY<=1;MY<=0;MG<=0;CR<=0;CG<=0; ELSE STATE<=mrcg;MR<=1;CG<=1;MG<=0;MY<=0;CR<=0;CY<=0; END IF; WHEN mrcy=>IF COUNT="00000001" THEN STATE<=mgcr;MG<=1;CR<=1;MR<=0;MY<=0;CY<=0;CG<=0; ELSE STATE<=mrcy;MR<=1;CY<=1;MY<=0;MG<=0;CR<=0;CG<=0; END IF; END CASE; END IF; END PROCESS; END behav;3、編譯1）輸入完程序之后逐個(gè)編譯2）逐個(gè)編譯無(wú)錯(cuò)之后進(jìn)行全程編譯4、將以上模塊生成元器件 計(jì)數(shù)控制 數(shù)碼管顯示分頻 交通燈顯示 5，將以上各器件連接成實(shí)驗(yàn)原理圖 6、系統(tǒng)仿真 1）建立新的波形激勵(lì)文件 2）在波形編輯器窗口添加節(jié)點(diǎn) 3）通過(guò)Edit->End Time 來(lái)設(shè)定仿真結(jié)束時(shí)間 4）在CLOCK窗口中設(shè)置clk的時(shí)鐘周期為1us5）點(diǎn)擊save保存6) 通過(guò)Tools下的Simulator Tools項(xiàng)進(jìn)行仿真，然后觀察輸出波形。仿真波形如下： S=1鄉(xiāng)間公路狀態(tài)（既MGCR60S-MYCG4S-MRCG20S-MGCY4S-MGCR60S） S=0轉(zhuǎn)S=1立即進(jìn)入MYCR4S-MRCG20S7,引腳鎖定8，連接到實(shí)驗(yàn)箱下載程序觀察實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果：有開(kāi)關(guān)K1控制S的值，當(dāng)K1斷開(kāi)時(shí)實(shí)驗(yàn)箱交通燈處于MGCR狀態(tài)，數(shù)碼管在倒數(shù)60計(jì)數(shù)。合上K1后S由0轉(zhuǎn)入1狀態(tài)，數(shù)碼管繼續(xù)倒數(shù)60計(jì)數(shù)且交通燈仍處于MGCR狀態(tài)，60計(jì)數(shù)完成后隨即轉(zhuǎn)入MYCG4S-MRCG20S-MGCY4S-MGCR60S的循環(huán)狀態(tài)直到S再次由1變成0,數(shù)碼管立即停止計(jì)數(shù)進(jìn)入倒數(shù)4S的黃燈狀態(tài)，4S結(jié)束后交通燈進(jìn)入MGCR狀態(tài)按下reset鍵數(shù)碼管從頂端重新開(kāi)始計(jì)時(shí)不清楚交通燈狀態(tài)