Unit 2 謂語謂語表述主語的行為動(dòng)作或所處表述主語的行為動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)。謂語的中心詞是限定動(dòng)的狀態(tài)。謂語的中心詞是限定動(dòng)詞，有人稱、數(shù)的變化。謂語大詞，有人稱、數(shù)的變化。謂語大體上可以分為兩類：體上可以分為兩類：簡單謂語和簡單謂語和復(fù)合謂語復(fù)合謂語。The plane takes off at 8 but this morning it may be delayed by the thick fogI have tried this way three times and failed three times簡單謂語簡單謂語凡是由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或短語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成，不管是凡是由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或短語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成，不管是什么時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣，都是簡單謂語。什么時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣，都是簡單謂語。飛機(jī)八點(diǎn)起飛，但今天早晨可能會(huì)被大飛機(jī)八點(diǎn)起飛，但今天早晨可能會(huì)被大霧耽擱。霧耽擱。我用這種方法試了三次，失敗了三次。我用這種方法試了三次，失敗了三次。復(fù)合謂語一般由兩部分構(gòu)成：一是帶不復(fù)合謂語一般由兩部分構(gòu)成：一是帶不定式的復(fù)合謂語定式的復(fù)合謂語(由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或某些動(dòng)詞由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或某些動(dòng)詞加不定式結(jié)構(gòu)加不定式結(jié)構(gòu))；一是帶表語的復(fù)合謂語；一是帶表語的復(fù)合謂語(由系動(dòng)詞或少數(shù)其他動(dòng)詞加表語構(gòu)成由系動(dòng)詞或少數(shù)其他動(dòng)詞加表語構(gòu)成)。復(fù)合謂語復(fù)合謂語 I would like to invite all my friends tothe get-together我想邀請(qǐng)我所有的朋友去參加聚會(huì)。我想邀請(qǐng)我所有的朋友去參加聚會(huì)。 意義一致原則、語法一致原則和鄰近意義一致原則、語法一致原則和鄰近原則原則。這三個(gè)原則常常發(fā)生矛盾，但。這三個(gè)原則常常發(fā)生矛盾，但當(dāng)發(fā)生沖突時(shí)，當(dāng)發(fā)生沖突時(shí)，意義一致原則意義一致原則為優(yōu)先為優(yōu)先考慮的原則?？紤]的原則。英語中的主謂一致主要遵循三個(gè)原則：英語中的主謂一致主要遵循三個(gè)原則： 主語和謂語通常是從語法形主語和謂語通常是從語法形式上取得一致，即主語是單數(shù)形式上取得一致，即主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞也采取單數(shù)形式；式，謂語動(dòng)詞也采取單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞也采主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞也采取復(fù)數(shù)形式。取復(fù)數(shù)形式。語法一致原則語法一致原則1. Mr Black is a well-known scientist on AIDS2. These books are intended for children under nine years old布萊克先生是著名艾滋病科學(xué)家。布萊克先生是著名艾滋病科學(xué)家。這些書是專門為九歲以下的兒這些書是專門為九歲以下的兒童設(shè)計(jì)的。童設(shè)計(jì)的。The old are very well taken care ofin our city意義一致原則意義一致原則意義一致原則意義一致原則是指謂語動(dòng)詞的變化是是指謂語動(dòng)詞的變化是以主語所表達(dá)的單、復(fù)數(shù)概念而定。以主語所表達(dá)的單、復(fù)數(shù)概念而定。(the old指所有的老年人，指一類人，指所有的老年人，指一類人，指復(fù)數(shù)概念指復(fù)數(shù)概念) 老年人在我們城市老年人在我們城市被照顧得很好。被照顧得很好。鄰近一致原則鄰近一致原則是指謂語動(dòng)詞的變化是是指謂語動(dòng)詞的變化是以靠近謂語動(dòng)詞的主語部分而定。以靠近謂語動(dòng)詞的主語部分而定。鄰近一致原則鄰近一致原則 Not Jack but his parents are to blame for the home accident(根據(jù)靠近謂語的主語根據(jù)靠近謂語的主語his parents而定而定)不是杰克而是他父母應(yīng)為這個(gè)不是杰克而是他父母應(yīng)為這個(gè)家庭事故受到責(zé)備。家庭事故受到責(zé)備。 1 代詞代詞each和由和由every, some, no, any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語，或主語等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語，或主語中含有中含有each, every, 謂語需用單數(shù)。謂語需用單數(shù)。謂語需用單數(shù)的幾種情形謂語需用單數(shù)的幾種情形a Each of us has a tape-recorder.b There is something wrong with my watch.The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.2 當(dāng)主語是一本書或一條格言時(shí)，當(dāng)主語是一本書或一條格言時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。是英語愛好者熟悉的是英語愛好者熟悉的一本好書。一本好書。3 表示金錢，時(shí)間，價(jià)格或度量衡表示金錢，時(shí)間，價(jià)格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語時(shí)，通常把這些的復(fù)合名詞作主語時(shí)，通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語一般用單名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語一般用單數(shù)。數(shù)。( (用復(fù)數(shù)也可，意思不變用復(fù)數(shù)也可，意思不變) )Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _ down to eat our picnic lunch Asitting Bhaving sat Cto sit Dsat答案解析答案解析: 本題考查并列謂語的選擇。本題考查并列謂語的選擇。found與與sat down應(yīng)為并列謂語，應(yīng)為并列謂語，而其余各項(xiàng)均為非謂語動(dòng)詞形式不而其余各項(xiàng)均為非謂語動(dòng)詞形式不能單獨(dú)作謂語，解題時(shí)務(wù)必注意并能單獨(dú)作謂語，解題時(shí)務(wù)必注意并列連詞的作用，列連詞的作用， Professor Smith，along with his assistants，_ on the project day and night to meet the deadline Awork Bworking Cis working Dare working 答案解析：答案解析：本題考查主謂一致用法。本題考查主謂一致用法。當(dāng)當(dāng)“主語主語+along with/ with/ together with + n. / pron. ” 結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)其謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)與主語保持其謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)與主語保持一致。一致。 因因Professor Smith作主語，作主語，故應(yīng)用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞故應(yīng)用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞is working。1. A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. （2006 江江蘇卷）蘇卷） A. is B. are C. was D. were2. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third _ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. （2006 浙江卷）浙江卷） A. is B. are C. was D. were3. A survey of the opinions of experts _ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _good for ones health. (2007 江西卷江西卷) A. show; are B. shows; is C. show; is D. shows; are4. We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant. (2007 湖南卷湖南卷) A. is B. are C. has been D. have been