【初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié),初中英語語法例題解析】清華大學(xué)英語系測試：為中小學(xué)生英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站： 清華大學(xué)英語教授研究組提供初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié),初中英語語法例題解析一、冠詞: 冠詞用在名詞的前面，有定冠詞“the”與不定冠詞“a；an”之分。定冠詞表示“確指”，譯作“這(那)個(gè)”；不定冠詞表示“泛指”，譯作“一個(gè)”。例題解析:( ) _ lady over there is _ university teacher. A) A, theB) The, anC) The, aD) The, the “over there”意為“那邊的”，是后置定語，它表示前面名詞“l(fā)ady”（女士）是“確指”的說法，因此要加上定冠詞“the”。后半句意為“一位大學(xué)教師”，是泛指的說法，因此要加上不定冠詞“a”或“an”。由于“university”的讀音起始于輔音“j”，因此要加定冠詞“a”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。( ) He prefers playing _ piano to playing _ hockey. A) the, the B) the, /C) / , /D) / , the “piano”意為“鋼琴”，屬于樂器，要求前面加定冠詞“the”。后半句中“hockey”意為“曲棍球”，屬于球類活動(dòng)，要求不加任何冠詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。( ) Mr. Black was made _ manager of our company. A) / B) a C) anD) the “manager”表示被選的職位，前面不應(yīng)加任何冠詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。 此外，冠詞還有許多特殊的用法： 1. 由普通名詞組成的專有名詞前，要加定冠詞，如：the Great Wall（長城） 2. 在拼音名詞前，一般不加任何冠詞，如：Thomas Green；Changfeng Park 3. 在江、河、湖、海前，即使是拼音名詞，也要加定冠詞“the”，如：the Dongting Lake 4. 一般用“單數(shù)名詞加a；復(fù)數(shù)名詞不加the”來表示“泛指”的意思。習(xí)題訓(xùn)練：Choose the best answer (選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格內(nèi)):( ) 1. There is _ “u” in _ word “uniform.”. A) an, a B) an, the C) a, a D) a, the( ) 2. _ sign here stands for _ mistake. A) A, aB) A, theC) The, aD) The, the( ) 3. We made Joyce _ monitor _ her experience. A) a, becauseB) the, becauseC) / , because ofD) the , because of( ) 4.Two months ago Mr. Green wrote _ article on Shanghai International Art Festival. A) theB) anC) aD) / ( ) 5. Q: Is Mr. White _ teacher of your school? A: Yes. _ teacher is from Australia. A) a, AB) a, TheC) the, TheD) the, A( ) 6. Paul is _ European student. He likes to study _ history of China. A) a, theB) a, /C) an, theD) an, /( ) 7. This is _ honey. As we all know, _ honey is sweet. A) / , theB) / , /C) the, /D) the, the( ) 8. They didn't catch the last train because of _. A) some heavy traffics B) any heavy traffic C) heavy traffic D) a heavy traffic( ) 9. It won't take long, it's only _ walk.A) ten-minutes B) ten minutes' C) ten minutes D) ten-minute's二、名詞: 名詞表示人或物體的名稱，有普通名詞(park)、專有名詞(Peter；Party)、集合名詞(family, class, police)、縮寫名詞(SARS, CEO, WTO)等?？傮w上說，它們可以分成兩大類；即可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。要注意它們在句中的不同要求和變化。例題解析:( ) His grandfather is _. A) Robert Bob B) Tom Black C) Kate White D) Black Green 英語中，人的姓名排列是倒過來的；先是名，即“first name”，后為姓，即“second name”，也可叫做“family name”或“surname”。做這類題目，必須先搞清楚哪個(gè)單詞是表示名字，哪個(gè)單詞是表示姓氏，名字還要分清男女性別。這道題中說的是“爺爺”，是男名，所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。( ) _ are playing tennis in the playground. A) The Browns B) The Brown's C) Browns D) Brown's 英語中，姓氏前加定冠詞“the”，后面加“s”，有“一家人”之意。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。( ) Be careful. There is a _ hole in the ground. A) two-foot-deepB) two-feet-deepC) two-foot deepD) two-feet deep 這道題目考的是復(fù)合形容詞。在復(fù)合形容詞中的名詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式，在整個(gè)復(fù)合形容詞中的各個(gè)單詞都要用短橫“”來連接。由于它被看作為一個(gè)普通的形容詞，因此，在可數(shù)名詞前還要再加上冠詞。此句中，“一個(gè)兩英尺深的洞”應(yīng)譯為“a two-foot-deep hole”，所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。( ) Hes got bad toothache. Hed better go to _. A) dentistB) the dentistC) the dentistsD) see the dentists “去看牙科醫(yī)生”可譯為“go to see the dentist”或“go to the dentists”。后一個(gè)詞語中的“the dentists”表示“the dentists clinic”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。( ) The _ teachers wondered if the _ students were in trouble. A) woman, boyB) woman, boysC) women, boyD) women, boys 英語中，“女教師們”應(yīng)該譯為“women teachers”，而“男學(xué)生們” 應(yīng)該譯為“boy students”。 所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。( ) _ came that Houston Rocket won again and Yao Ming got the most scores. A) A newsB) MessageC) WordD) Words “據(jù)說”在英語中有多種說法：“It was said that”、“Word came that”、“News came that”、“A message came that”等。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。( ) All of a sudden, something on the ground caught _. A) his eyeB) his eyesC) his own eyesD) eyes of his own“catch ones eye”是固定詞組，意為“引起某人注意”；即“be noticed by sb.”。此句中，“eye”是“視線”之意，由“eyesight”演變而來。隨著語言的發(fā)展，一些詞語會(huì)產(chǎn)生演變，大致上都是朝“簡單化”方向發(fā)展，如：“countryside”“country”、“mankind”“man”、 “campsite”“camp”、“in the daytime”“in the day”等。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。( ) The lady with long _ found her husband had already got three gray _. A) hair, hairB) hair, hairsC) hairs, hairD) hairs, hair 要掌握英語中哪些是可數(shù)名詞，哪些是不可數(shù)名詞。但是有些名詞具有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)兩種性質(zhì)，要靠具體說法來判別。如這道題中的“hair”（頭發(fā)）就是這類詞。前半句說的是“一頭長發(fā)”，是不可數(shù)名詞；后半句說的是“三根白發(fā)”，是可數(shù)名詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。習(xí)題訓(xùn)練：Choose the best answer (選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福肁、B、C或D表示，填入空格內(nèi)):( ) 1. He has got _ to tell you. A) a good news B) some news C) a lot news D) many news( ) 2. Its seven oclock. _ are sitting at table. A) Mr. Greens B) The Green's C) The Greens D) Greens( ) 3. Your brother is the same _ mine. A) old as B) age as C) old like D) age like( ) 4. Our bodies need food to give us _. A) health B) strong C) energyD) taste( ) 5. A lemon is the same _ as a banana. A) yellow B) colour C) freshD) sweet( ) 6. What kind of _ do you like best? A) watermelon B) the watermelon C) a watermelon D) watermelons( ) 7. Look at this magazine. Lets do the _ about eating habits. A) quiz B) list C) cooking D) dinner三、代詞: 代詞是名詞的代用詞，有指示代詞(this, those)、人稱代詞主賓格(I, me)、形容詞性物主代詞(my)、名詞性物主代詞(mine)、反身代詞(myself)、不定代詞(either, others, anything, nobody)。其中，不定代詞的變化最復(fù)雜。在不同的句子中，它們的變化和要求都不一樣，這一點(diǎn)我們一定要有充分的認(rèn)識(shí)，不能掉以輕心。例題解析:( ) Would you please give _? A) him itB) it himC) to him itD) it to him 英語中，當(dāng)直接賓語（人）與間接賓語（物）都用人稱代詞時(shí)，一定要先講間接賓語（物）后講直接賓語（人），而且要在直接賓語（人）前加上介詞“to”。 所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。( ) She always thinks of _ more than _. A) others, herB) the others, sheC) others, herselfD) the others, herself 在英語中，“別人”屬于“泛指”，應(yīng)譯為“others”。后半句是介詞“of”的賓語。由于這里的“她”與主語的“她”是屬于同一個(gè)人，因此不能用人稱代詞賓格作賓語，要用反身代詞作賓語才對(duì)。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。( ) Some people like watching the sports news, _ prefer TV series. A) the othersB) the otherC) othersD) another 在英語中，“一些，另一些”有兩種譯法：“Some , the others ”是屬于“非此即彼”的兩部分情況，而“Some , others ”是指有第三部分的情況存在。本題意為“一部分人喜歡看體育消息，而另一部分人比較欣賞電視劇”，顯然還有其他人喜歡其他的內(nèi)容，所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。( ) The light in the room was too poor for _ to see it clearly. A) everyoneB) someoneC) anyoneD) none 英語中，“too to”意為“太而不能”，具有否定的含義。因此，“for sb.”中應(yīng)該選運(yùn)用在否定句中的“anyone”才對(duì)。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。( ) _ the fuel here is from foreign countries, so we must make full use of it. A) SomeB) MuchC) The most ofD) Most of 帶有定冠詞“the”的名詞前，應(yīng)該用代詞詞組：“some of”（意為“其中一些”）、“much of”（意為“其中許多”）、“most of”（意為“其中大多數(shù)”）等?！皌he mose of”（意為“其中最多的”）在本句中的譯法欠妥，所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。( ) Can you call on my mother on Saturday or Sunday? Im afraid _ day is possible A) eitherB) eachC) bothD) neither 在英語中，有“兩者”和“三者以上”的不同詞語說法：“both”意為“兩者都”、“all”意為“三者以上都”、“neither”意為“兩者都不”、“none”或“no one”意為“三者以上都不”、“either”意為“兩者之一”、“one”意為“三者以上之一”、“between”意為“兩者之間”、“among”意為“三者以上之間”。根據(jù)本題句意，答句應(yīng)該是說“我恐怕沒有一天能行”， 所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。( ) There are three bathrooms in the house. One is upstairs, _ two are downstairs. A) otherB) the otherC) othersD) the others 在英語中，“另兩個(gè)”的譯法有多種：“the other two”、“the others”、“the rest”。由于本句中講到三間浴室，“另兩間”的說法應(yīng)該是“確指”的，因此，必須有定冠詞“the”。又由于后句已經(jīng)寫了“two”，因此這里要選作形容詞用的“other”。 所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。( ) The dishes on Table One are much fewer than _ on Table Two. A) thatB) thoseC) dishesD) / 要注意所比較的兩個(gè)對(duì)象具有對(duì)稱性：這句是“the dishes on Table One”（一桌上的菜）和“the dishes on Table Two”（二桌上的菜）作比較，因此后半句中的“菜”字不能省略?！皌hat”與“those”是比較級(jí)句中的專用代詞。由于該句中所比較的對(duì)象是復(fù)數(shù)，因此，要用“those”來代替前面的名詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。( ) There are more people in this room than _ in that one. A) thatB) thoseC) peopleD) / 要注意在“There is ”或“There are ”的比較級(jí)句型中，習(xí)慣上不用上題所講到的專用代詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。習(xí)題訓(xùn)練：Choose the best answer (選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福肁、B、C或D表示，填入空格內(nèi)):( ) 1. Show your watch _ me. _ is slow. A) to, Mine B) to, MyC) for, Mine D) for, My( ) 2. _ do you like _, the summer holidays or the winter holidays? A) What, better B) What, bestC) Which, better D) Which, best( ) 3. She wrote a letter and enclosed a photo of _ taken in her housing estate. A) herselfB) herC) hersD) myself( ) 4. She told Jack, Tom and me to _ among _. A) talk it over, usB) talk over it, us C) talk it over, ourselvesD) talk over it, ourselves( ) 5. Ill do it by myself. I wont need _ help. A) anyones elseB) anyone elsesC) anyone othersD) other anyones( ) 6. I heard _ until my friend told me about it. A) everythingB) somethingC) nothingD) anything( ) 7. Would you like _ more bread, Jack? A) anyB) anotherC) littleD) a little( ) 8. Only one student got the right answer. But _ didnt. A) the otherB) anotherC) othersD) the rest( ) 9. He doesn't think _ of them will go there with you. A) none B) some C) many D) much( )10. The film is dull and _ people like it. A) a few B) few C) a little D) little( )11. Have you all _? A) got ready everything B) got everything ready for C) got everything ready D) got ready for everything( )12. Help _ to some sweets, everyone. A) yourselves B) your own C) yourself D) by yourself( )13. He has six uncles. Five of them are doctors and _ is a driver. A) another B) the sixth C) other D) the other( )14. Believe or not, I did it all by _. A) me B) us C) myself D) ourselves( )15. A: Are these two books yours ? B: No, _ of them is mine. A) either B) none C) both D) neither( )16. Neither of the twins _ the toy train.A) like B) likes C) is like D) are like四、數(shù)詞: 數(shù)詞有基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞之分：基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)量概念；序數(shù)詞表示順序概念。首先要注意一些數(shù)詞在寫法上的變化，如：forty；ninth；twentieth更要注意它們在句子中的不同用法和變化。例題解析:( ) About _ students went to the picture show that day. A) hundreds of B) two hundreds C) two hundred ofD) two hundred “about”意為“大約”，是指具體數(shù)量，因此，不能用表示不定數(shù)量的詞語“hundreds of”（意為“成百個(gè)”）。在表示確定數(shù)量時(shí)，英語中的“hundred”不加“s”，即不變復(fù)數(shù)。再由于“students”前沒有定冠詞“the”，不是“其中”之意，因此，也不能加介詞“of”。 所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。( ) _ of _ Class Four students have joined the singing group. A) Three-fifths, the B) Three-fifth, theC) Three-fifths, / D) Three-fifth, / 英語中，“幾分之幾”的表達(dá)方式是分子用基數(shù)詞、分母用序數(shù)詞，中間用短橫“”連接。當(dāng)分子大于“一”時(shí)，分母序數(shù)詞要加“s”。再由于本題句中數(shù)量用的是“of”詞組，即意為“其中的五分之三”，因此后面的名詞“students”必定是“確指”的，要加定冠詞“the”。 所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。在這里要特別注意的是：不要看到“students”前有修飾詞“Class Four”就不敢加定冠詞“the”，要懂得這里的“the”是修飾“students”的。同樣，“the English language”詞語的表達(dá)形式也類似于此種情況。習(xí)題訓(xùn)練:Choose the best answer (選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福肁、B、C或D表示，填入空格內(nèi)):( ) 1.John has twelve coins and Joan has _ ones, three times as many as John. A) thirteenB) fifteenC) thirty-sixD) forty-eight( ) 2.The post code used in our neighbourhood is _. A) 56348574B) 200333C) a quarterD) a dozen( ) 3.Today is her brothers birthday. _ is on _. A) She, fifth of May B) She, May fifthC) Hers, May fifthD) Hers, May the fifth( ) 4. _ of the students go to school by bike. A) Two-three B) Two-thirds C) Two-threes D) Two-third( ) 5.There are about _ seats in the hall. A) two hundreds B) two hundred C) hundreds of D) two hundred of( ) 6. A: How often should we publish the paper? B: _. A) In one weeks time B) Once a month C) After two weeksD) For half a month( ) 7. About _ the students went to the Science Museum last Thursday. A) hundreds of B) two hundred C) two hundred of D) two hundreds 五、介詞: 介詞是一種虛詞，它不能單獨(dú)使用，后面要跟名詞、人稱代詞賓格或動(dòng)名詞。同一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，搭配不同的介詞，可以衍變出各種不同含義的詞組來，而且在不同場合所用介詞也各不相同。因此，介詞的用法是比較復(fù)雜的，要求我們?nèi)ブ饌€(gè)記住。只有在看懂、理解整個(gè)句意的前提下，才能選對(duì)正確的介詞。例題解析:( ) Mr. Brown flew to Washington _ the night before last.A) inB) onC) atD) / 在表達(dá)某一天的具體時(shí)間時(shí)，應(yīng)該用介詞“on”。但是本句是表達(dá)“在前天的夜里”，與“在前天”(the day before yesterday）相仿，前面不該用任何介詞，所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。( ) The school gate is _ the north of the classroom building. A) in B) to C) onD) at 在英語中，表達(dá)“東、南、西、北”的方位介詞常見有三個(gè)：表示在方位區(qū)域的內(nèi)部時(shí)，用介詞“in”。如：The playground is in the south of the school.（操場在學(xué)校的南面。）表示在與方位區(qū)域連壤的外部時(shí)，應(yīng)該用介詞“on”。如：Room 203 is on the west of Room 205.（203室在205室的西面。）表示在與方位區(qū)域不連壤的外部時(shí)，應(yīng)該用介詞“to”。如：Shanghai is to the east of Nanjing.（上海在南京的東面。）本題的“校門”在“教學(xué)大樓”的北面，應(yīng)該用介詞“to”，所以答案應(yīng)該選“B”。( ) Youll get one thousand dollars _. A) after allB) at allC) in all D) all together “after all”意為“到底”、“畢竟”、“終于”；“at all”通常與“not”連用，意為“完全不”、“一點(diǎn)也不”；“in all”通常用于數(shù)量詞后面，意為“總共”，同義詞是“altogether”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。( ) This bus can run _ 70 miles an hour. A) forB) withC) atD) in 在表示“速度”、“溫度”、“價(jià)格”意思時(shí)，應(yīng)該用介詞“at”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。( ) Its said he stayed there quietly _ two oclock that afternoon.A) onB) atC) untilD) by “at two oclock that afternoon”意為“在昨天下午兩點(diǎn)鐘”，時(shí)態(tài)通常用“過去進(jìn)行時(shí)”；“by two oclock that afternoon”意為“在昨天下午兩點(diǎn)鐘前”， 時(shí)態(tài)通常用“過去完成時(shí)”；“until two oclock that afternoon”意為“直到昨天下午兩點(diǎn)鐘”， 時(shí)態(tài)通常用“一般過去時(shí)”。本句中“stay”是延續(xù)動(dòng)詞，因此可用“until”句型；如果句中謂語是瞬間動(dòng)詞的話，就應(yīng)該用“not until”句型了。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。( ) Tom didnt attend the lecture yesterday evening _ his illness. A) asB) forC) because D)because of 在本句中，“因?yàn)樯　笔且粋€(gè)詞語，而不是原因狀語從句，因此，不能選連詞“as”、“for”或“because”來連接，而要用介詞詞組“because of”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。( ) Now its quite important _ us to make full use of time. A) forB) toC) ofD) with “Its important to sb.”（ 意為“它對(duì)某人來說很重要”）是詞語搭配，“Its for sb. to do ”（意為“做某事對(duì)某人來說是怎樣的”）是句型。當(dāng)兩者交叉、重疊使用時(shí)，詞語要讓位于句型。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。同樣，“I like it so much that ”句型中用“so”、而不用“very”，也屬于這種類型的表達(dá)方式。( ) Its nice _ you to get the ticket _ F1. Its said the car-race is very exciting. A) of, forB) for, forC) of, ofD) for, of 這句是“Its of sb. to do”句型，意為“某人真是怎么樣，做了某事”。后半句中“ticket for”是固定詞語，意為“什么內(nèi)容的票子”。 所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。習(xí)題訓(xùn)練:Choose the best answer (選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格內(nèi)):( ) 1. You can draw it _ paints and brushes. A) by B) with C) in D) use( ) 2. What did you have _ breakfast? A) as B) with C) aboutD) for( ) 3. The police _ helping to make our city a safe place to live and work _. A) is, in B) are, in C) is, / D) are, /( ) 4. Ive got three question _ you to think about. A) of B) for C) give D) to show( ) 5. We can ask people _ the Festival to do the quiz. A) in B) on C) at D) for( ) 6. What happens when we put some sugar _ a glass of warm water? A) on B) off C) out D) into( ) 7. _ they arrived at the village after all. A) At the endB) In the endC) LastD) Attentively( ) 8. The class teacher was sent _ Christmas cards _ some of the students. A) to, byB) / , byC) to, fromD) / , to( ) 9. Q: What is that film _? A: Its a science film. A) likeB) aboutC) onD) for( )10. Why not ask your friend _ some advice if youre really in trouble? A) offerB) to giveC) toD) for( )11. The beautiful house is _ sale. But it wont be _ sale. A) on, forB) for, onC) with, forD) with, on( )12. The weather here was _ cold last week. A) a kind B) a kind ofC) kind ofD) kinds of( )13. The singing group is made _ four handsome lads. A) ofB) fromC) up ofD) up from( )14. Something _ wrong _ my watch, I'm afraid. A) is, with B) is, in C) are, with D) are, in( )15. There _ a man and two women _ the picture. A) is, on B) are, in C) are, on D) is, in( )16. Mary doesnt know what lies ahead. _ , shes only 12. A) At all B) In all C) After all D) For all( )17. Should we _ the postage _ the parcel by ourselves? A) pay, onB) pay, of C) pay for, on D) pay for, of( )18. Alice _ her service to the public. A) was awarded the prize for B) was deserved to get the prize for C) was proud for D) was pleased for六.動(dòng)詞: 動(dòng)詞八種時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和幾種變化形式 八種時(shí)態(tài) 主動(dòng)語態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) (經(jīng)常,反復(fù),愛好,特點(diǎn),條件,真理) do; does am;is;are done 一般過去時(shí) (過去發(fā)生的事,不強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果) did; -ed was;were done 一般將來時(shí) (將要發(fā)生的事) will do will be done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) (現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事) am;is;are doing am;is;are being done 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) (當(dāng)時(shí)正在發(fā)生的事) was;were doing was;were being done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) (過去發(fā)生的事,強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果) have;has done have;has been done 過去完成時(shí) (過去完成的事；過去以前發(fā)生的事) had done had been done 過去將來時(shí) (過去將要發(fā)生的事) would do would be done * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 不定式: do; not do; to do; not to do 命令式: do; don't do 現(xiàn)在分詞: doing 動(dòng)名詞: doing 過去分詞: done例題解析:( ) Look. Mary _ a nice dog. She _ it just now. A) has drawn, drewB) drew, has drawnC) is drawing, drewD) is drawing, has drawn在“Look”、“Its evening”、“Where is sb. ?”等句子后面，可能要用“現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)”，也有可能要用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”。反正，要根據(jù)具體情況來具體分析，考慮問題一定要從整體情況著眼。本題后半句“just now”意為“剛才”，很明顯要用“一般過去時(shí)”，因此前句如用“現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)”就不妥，造成句意邏輯上的錯(cuò)誤。前句用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”才對(duì)。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。( ) This kind of fridge _ very well. A) sell B) sells C) are sold D) is sold在英語中，表達(dá)某物銷路不錯(cuò)，要用表示“特點(diǎn)”的“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”形式，而不能用“被賣”這種被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式來表示。由于本句主語“this kind of fridge”是單數(shù)第三人稱，所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。( ) What _ Mr. Smith? He looks worried so much. A) happens withB) happens toC) happened withD) happened to在英語中，“發(fā)生”通?？勺g為“happened”或“took place”，要注意它不能變“被動(dòng)語態(tài)”。本題之意是“史密斯先生發(fā)生了什么事？他顯得很焦慮?！币虼耍鞍l(fā)生”不能用表示經(jīng)常行為的“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”形式，應(yīng)該用“一般過去時(shí)”的“happened to sb.”固定詞組來表達(dá)。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。( ) Mary: Shall I tell Michael about the news? Jack: No, you _. Hes already known it. A) cant B)mustnt C) neednt D) dont 本題是考核情態(tài)動(dòng)詞句型的正確回答。在“Must I do ?”、“Shall I do ?”、“Would you like me to do ?”問句后面都可以用“No, you neednt.”(不必要)來回答。本題根據(jù)后句的句意應(yīng)該選此回答為妥。所以答案應(yīng)該選“C”。在“May I ?”問句后面，通常有以下幾種否定回答：1. No, you mustnt. 2.No, you may not. 3. Sorry, you cant. 4.Im afraid you cant. 5. No, you cant.( ) _ clothes are usually _ near a fire in winter. A) Washed, hungB) Washed, hangedC) Washing, hungD) Washing, hanged “washed”意為“被洗過的”，可以修飾“衣服”；“washing”意為“正在洗的”，它該修飾人、不該修飾“衣服”。后句意為“被掛在火爐旁”，該用過去分詞“hung”才對(duì)?！癶anged”也是“hang”的過去分詞，但是它的意思是“被絞死”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。( ) The book _ by me. I _ it to a friend of mine. A) is written, sentB) is written, have sent C) was written, sentD) was written, have sent “書是被某人寫的”、“書是在某地方被寫的”都是表示發(fā)生在以前的動(dòng)作，該用一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如過說“書是被用英語寫的”，那就是指書的特點(diǎn)了，就該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)了。后半句意為“我把它寄給朋友了”是強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在書不在我這里。不是強(qiáng)調(diào)過去寄的，不該用一般過去時(shí)，而該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。這種類型的時(shí)態(tài)，學(xué)生最容易錯(cuò)，千萬要注意。英語中有許多動(dòng)作是以前發(fā)生的、但沒有時(shí)間狀語的句子都用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”表達(dá)。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。( ) Mr. Jackson _ the city quite well since he _ in the city for a couple of years. A) knows, wasB) has known, wasC) knows, has beenD) has known, has been 本句中的“since”不是“自從”之意，因此，前半句與后半句用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”和“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”的形式做是錯(cuò)誤的。本句中的“since”意為“由于”，與“as”近義。根據(jù)句意，“熟悉城市”是表示杰克遜先生的“特點(diǎn)”，要用“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”表達(dá)；“他來到這個(gè)城市有兩、三年了”是表示到現(xiàn)在為止的結(jié)果情況，要用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”表達(dá)。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。( ) Could you tell me _? A) how to do it B) why do it C) how to do D) what to do it 由于“do”通常用作及物動(dòng)詞，因此要注意它有否賓語。要避免“C”的沒有賓語和“D”的重疊賓語的錯(cuò)誤。“B”是不定式遺漏了“to”，所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。關(guān)于“do”的這種特點(diǎn)很重要，為了熟記它，可以背一句口訣：“how to do it, what to do”。( ) English is his favourite subject. He can _ it very fluently. A) sayB) talkC) speakD) tell 由于后句“it”指的是“English”，因此要用動(dòng)詞“speak”才對(duì)。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”?！皌alk”是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面不跟賓語?！皊peak”既可作不及物動(dòng)詞用，也可作及物動(dòng)詞，賓語只能是語言?！皌ell”的賓語有限；有“a story”、“the difference”、“the truth”、“a lie”、“the time”等?！皊ay”可跟的賓語最多，不再一一例舉。由此句我們得到啟示；即我們在做習(xí)題時(shí)不要被單詞的表面現(xiàn)象所迷惑，一定要看清楚它的內(nèi)涵，即注意到它的真正含義是什么。再舉兩