Present perfect tensePresent perfect tense現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài) 8BUnit 2 Grammar 2用法用法1：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的含義是表示過(guò)去現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的含義是表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的或已完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影發(fā)生的或已完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。特點(diǎn)是既涉及過(guò)去，又聯(lián)系響或結(jié)果。特點(diǎn)是既涉及過(guò)去，又聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在：動(dòng)作是過(guò)去發(fā)生的，結(jié)果是現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在：動(dòng)作是過(guò)去發(fā)生的，結(jié)果是現(xiàn)在存在的。存在的。 Look! The blackboard is so clean now. He has cleaned the blackboard. ( (他已經(jīng)擦過(guò)黑板了。他已經(jīng)擦過(guò)黑板了。)這句話所表示的結(jié)果是黑板現(xiàn)在是干凈的。這句話所表示的結(jié)果是黑板現(xiàn)在是干凈的。EXERCISE: FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE RIGHT VERB TENSE: 1. It _（rain）for a week. 2. I dont know this woman. I _（meet, never）her. 3.Lets go to the cinema. No, I_（see, already） the film. 4. We_（finish, not）our homework yet. Will you wait a minute? 5. John _ （come, not）yet. He will be back in a minute. has rainedhave never methave already seenhavent finishedhasnt come 6. Mr. Green often goes to America. In fact, he _（be）there ten times. 7. Wheres John? He_ just _（go）to the teachers office. 8. She _（study）English since she was ten. She _（begin）to study English when she was ten. 9. Jim isnt here. He _（go）to the library. He _（go）there an hour ago. 10. They _（travel, never）on a train.has been has gonehas studiedbeganhas gonewenthave never traveled用法用法2：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去開(kāi)：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至將來(lái)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至將來(lái)Mike borrowed the books two days ago.Mike has kept the books for two days.1.We have learnt English_ 3 years. _ 3 years ago._ we _(come)hereforsincecame_How long have you learnt English?5. for + 一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間 since + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn) 就畫(huà)線提問(wèn)用就畫(huà)線提問(wèn)用how long想一想想一想since標(biāo)志詞：標(biāo)志詞：FOR +一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間, SINCE+過(guò)去過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)的時(shí)間點(diǎn), THESE YEARS, SO FAR, IN THE PAST/LAST YEARS We _ (learn) English for three years/ since two years ago/since 2000. Mr. Green _ (be) in China these years. They _(write) 15 songs so far. The population _ (grow) more slowly in the past ten years.Have learnedhas beenhave writtenhas grown( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )I have bought a new dictionary for a week. I have had a new dictionary for a week.我買一本新詞典已有一星期了。我買一本新詞典已有一星期了。They have come here for two days.They have been here for two days.他們來(lái)這兒已經(jīng)兩天了。他們來(lái)這兒已經(jīng)兩天了。He has joined the League member for two years.He has been a League member for two years.他已入團(tuán)兩年了。他已入團(tuán)兩年了。The man has been dead for several years.The man has died for several years.這個(gè)人已經(jīng)死了幾年了。這個(gè)人已經(jīng)死了幾年了。常見(jiàn)的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。常見(jiàn)的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。buy have go out be out leave be away begin/start be oncome/go be in/at borrow keepjoin be a member die be deadcatch a cold have a cold become befall asleep be asleep open be open get to know know close-be closedarrive-be in/at get married-be marriedStopbe over 1.I have borrowed the book for 2 weeks. ( )2.The film has begun for 5 minutes.( )kept been on1. 這輛自行車我買了兩年了。這輛自行車我買了兩年了。 Ive _ the bike _ two years.2. He left Nanjing two years ago. He _ _ _ _ Nanjing for two years.3. The monkey died last month. The monkey _ _ _ for a month.4. A: Hong long _ you _ ( ) B: Two weeks. A.did,get ill B. have,fallen ill C. were,ill D. have,been illhad forhas been away fromhas been deadD1.She isnt here now because she _ the zoo. A.has been to B. have gone to C. has gone to2.The Greens _ Guilin twice. D.have gone to A.have been to B. have been in C. has been in3.Lily has made lots of friends since she _ here. A. come B. has been C. came D. coming4.My parents _ in Beijing since 1995. A. are living B. have lived C. lived D. will live5.His grandma _ for 2 years.A.Was died B. has died C. was dead D. has been deadCACBDexercise1.-Have you _ the bike? -Yes ,I _ it 10 minutes ago.(mend)2.-I have _ the film “Titanic”. -When _ you _ it?(see) 3.Im sorry, I havent got any money.Ive_ (leave ) my handbag at home.4.I have _(read) the book.5.Its a long time since we _ (meet) last year.6.Look! The train _ just _. ( come)mendedmendedseendidseeleftreadmethascomeexercise現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)。在的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)，僅僅表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻曾發(fā)一般過(guò)去時(shí)，僅僅表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻曾發(fā)生過(guò)這一動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)。生過(guò)這一動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)。 他已學(xué)英語(yǔ)五年了。他已學(xué)英語(yǔ)五年了。 He has studied English for five years. 他曾學(xué)過(guò)五年英語(yǔ)。他曾學(xué)過(guò)五年英語(yǔ)。 He studied English for five years. （說(shuō)明他還繼續(xù)學(xué)下去）（說(shuō)明他還繼續(xù)學(xué)下去） （只說(shuō)明他過(guò)去學(xué)過(guò)五年英語(yǔ)，但現(xiàn)在不學(xué)了。）（只說(shuō)明他過(guò)去學(xué)過(guò)五年英語(yǔ)，但現(xiàn)在不學(xué)了。） 一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有一些明一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有一些明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 遇到遇到y(tǒng)esterday, Last year, in May, in+過(guò)過(guò)去某一年，去某一年，two days ago, the other day, just now等就用一般過(guò)去時(shí)等就用一般過(guò)去時(shí) 當(dāng)有當(dāng)有 so far, in the past/ last few days(在在過(guò)去過(guò)去/最近的幾年里最近的幾年里)，since接過(guò)去時(shí)間接過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或過(guò)去時(shí)的句子狀語(yǔ)或過(guò)去時(shí)的句子等常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) He _(work) in our school for one year.He _(come) to our school last year/in 2002.They _(cook) the supper already.They _ (cook) the supper half an hour ago.Finish the exercises on Page 33Bye-bye!Bye-bye!