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1、第二部分第二部分 語(yǔ)法專題語(yǔ)法專題專題九專題九 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)精講必備考點(diǎn)精講必備考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二 一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)三 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)四 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)五 一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)六 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)十考點(diǎn)十 時(shí)態(tài)的疑難點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài)的疑難點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)九考點(diǎn)九 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換考點(diǎn)八考點(diǎn)八 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)七 過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)精講必備考點(diǎn)精講必備考點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞五種基本形式的構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞五種基本形式的構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞形式構(gòu)成方法例詞原形詞典中一般給出的動(dòng)詞形式。g

2、et take teachdo try study第三人稱單數(shù)一般情況下，直接在動(dòng)詞詞尾加-s。get getstake takes以s，x，o，sh，ch 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾加-es。do doesteach teaches以“輔音字母 + y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先變y 為i，再在詞尾加-es。study studies try tries不規(guī)則變化have hasbe is動(dòng)詞形式構(gòu)成方法例詞現(xiàn)在分詞一般情況下，直接在動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ing。do doingteach teaching以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去e再在詞尾加-ing。take taking move moving以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，

3、呈現(xiàn)“輔、元、輔”結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞，先雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再在詞尾加-ing。stop stopping swim swimming以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把ie改為y，再在詞尾加-ing。die dyingtie tying動(dòng)詞形式構(gòu)成方法例詞過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞（規(guī)則變化）一般情況下，直接在動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ed。watch watchedplant planted以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞在詞尾加-d。like likedmove moved以“輔音字母 + y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先變y為i，再在詞尾加-ed。study studied carry carried重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫詞尾的輔

4、音字母，再在詞尾加-ed。stop stoppedshop shopped過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞（不規(guī)則變化）am / is was are weredo did let let不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成原形特征過(guò)去式 過(guò)去分詞例詞-eep-ept-eptkeep kept kept-ell-old-oldsell sold sold-end-ent-entlend lent lent-ay-aid-aidsay said said-n-nt-ntburn burnt burnt-eak-oke-okenbreak broke broken-eal-ole-olensteal stole st

5、olen-ear-ore-ornwear wore worn-i-a-uswim swam swum-i-o-ndrive drove driven注意：大部分的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成是沒(méi)有規(guī)律可循的，需要單獨(dú)記憶。同學(xué)們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候一定要多加注意?？键c(diǎn)一 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí). 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法1. 表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。句中常有always，usually，often，sometimes，every day，twice a week，nowadays等表示頻度的副詞或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。My grandmother gets up early every day.我

6、奶奶每天早上都起得很早。2. 表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理。The earth moves around the sun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。3. 有時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃、規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（句中都帶有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)），但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞，如begin，come，leave，go，arrive，start，stop，return，open，close等。The meeting begins at seven. 會(huì)議7點(diǎn)開(kāi)始。4. 表示狀態(tài)和感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞如be，like，hate，think，remember，find，sound，feel，taste等，常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。The story sounds very inter

7、esting. 這個(gè)故事聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有意思。5. 某些以here或there開(kāi)頭的句子中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Here comes the bus. 公共汽車來(lái)了。6. 在含時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，若主語(yǔ)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。Ill ring you up if he comes back tomorrow. 如果他明天回來(lái)的話我給你打電話。. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句式構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句式構(gòu)成肯定句：主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他. 主語(yǔ)（第三人稱單數(shù)）+ 動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式 + 其他.否定句：主語(yǔ) + dont / doesnt + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他.一般疑

8、問(wèn)句：Do / Does + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他? 特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞 + do / does + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他?【典例精析】Nowadays, each of the students _ a new dictionary in the countryside. A. hasB. hadC. have解析：each of the students作為主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，根據(jù)句意及提示詞nowadays可知要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。答案：A?？键c(diǎn)二 一般過(guò)去時(shí). 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。通常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連

9、用。He saw Mr. Han yesterday afternoon. 他昨天下午看見(jiàn)韓先生了。. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句式構(gòu)成一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句式構(gòu)成肯定句：主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 + 其他.否定句：主語(yǔ) + didnt + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他.一般疑問(wèn)句：Did + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他?特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞 + did + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他?【典例精析】1. What _ the noise, Bill? Sorry, I broke my glass. A. isB. wasC. has beenD. will be解析：由答語(yǔ)中的broke可知，句子是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。2. The

10、 schoolboy _ to the blind man on his way home yesterday afternoon. A.apologizesB. apologizedC. will apologizeD. has apologized解析：句中有表示“一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday afternoon。 答案：B。答案：B?？键c(diǎn)三 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí). 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。通常與new, this week, at this moment, right now等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；也可以與一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確的時(shí)間連用；還可以用look或listen提醒聽(tīng)

11、者注意正在發(fā)生的事。Jim is reading a book in his room now. 吉姆正在他的房間里看書。. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句式構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句式構(gòu)成肯定句：主語(yǔ) + be (is / am / are) + 動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞.否定句：主語(yǔ) + be (is / am / are) + not + 動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞.一般疑問(wèn)句：Be + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞 + 其他?特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞 + be + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞 + 其他?注意：表示感覺(jué)、愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動(dòng)詞如have，be，hear，like等一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。【典例精析】 Millie, where is Miss L

12、i? She _ a speech on Chinese art to the firstyear students in the hall. A. givesB. gaveC. is givingD. has given解析：根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示“李老師現(xiàn)在正在做的事”。答案：C。考點(diǎn)四 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí). 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻、某一階段正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，通常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。He was reading a novel when I came in. 我進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候，他正在看小說(shuō)。. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的句式構(gòu)成過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的句式構(gòu)成肯定句：主語(yǔ) + was /

13、 were + 動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞.否定句：主語(yǔ) + was / were + not + 動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞.一般疑問(wèn)句：Was / Were + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞 + 其他?特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞 + was / were + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞 + 其他?【典例精析】 Linda, I called you this morning, but nobody answered the phone. Im sorry. I _ football with my friends then.A.playB. playedC. am playingD. was playing解析：句中有表示“過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

14、”的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)then（當(dāng)時(shí)），因此應(yīng)選was playing。答案：D?？键c(diǎn)五 一般將來(lái)時(shí). 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。通常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。We are going to have a meeting tomorrow. 我們準(zhǔn)備明天開(kāi)會(huì)。. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的句式構(gòu)成一般將來(lái)時(shí)的句式構(gòu)成肯定句：主語(yǔ) + will / shall + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他. 主語(yǔ) + be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他.否定句：主語(yǔ) + will / shall + not + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他. 主語(yǔ) + be not + going to + 動(dòng)詞原

15、形 + 其他.一般疑問(wèn)句：Will / Shall + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他? Be + 主語(yǔ) + going to + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他?特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞 + will / shall + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他? 疑問(wèn)詞 + be + 主語(yǔ) + going to + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他?【典例精析】Mr. Green, a famous writer, _our school next week. A.visitedB. visitsC. was visitingD. will visit解析：句中有表示“一般將來(lái)時(shí)”的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)next week，因此應(yīng)選will vis

16、it。注意：某些動(dòng)詞（如come，go，leave，arrive，start，get，stay等）一般不用于be going to結(jié)構(gòu)中，而用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)。答案：D?？键c(diǎn)六 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí). 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法1. 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或在說(shuō)話之前已完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。already和yet常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。already用于肯定句，可放在助動(dòng)詞之后、過(guò)去分詞之前，也可放在句末。yet用在疑問(wèn)句中，意為“已經(jīng)”，用在否定句中表示“還”，常放在句末。He has gone to Guangdong already. 他已經(jīng)去廣東了。2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于

17、過(guò)去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去，常與“for + 一段時(shí)間”和“since + 表過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子”連用。He has studied English for 5 years. 他已經(jīng)學(xué)5年英語(yǔ)了。3. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（如come，go，die，marry，buy等）的完成時(shí)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用。因此需要將非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檠永m(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如die be dead，open / close be open / closed等。. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句式構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句式構(gòu)成肯定句：主語(yǔ) + have / has + 過(guò)去分詞 + 其他.否定句：主語(yǔ) + havent / hasnt

18、 + 過(guò)去分詞 + 其他.一般疑問(wèn)句：Have / Has + 主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞 + 其他?特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞 + have / has + 主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞 + 其他?【典例精析】1. Why are you standing here, Mrs. White? Im waiting for my son. He _ back from school. A. hasnt come B. wont comeC. doesnt come解析：由答語(yǔ)的第一句可知，Mr. White的兒子還沒(méi)有從學(xué)校回來(lái)，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。2. Miss Lin a lot of work for the poo

19、r area since 2010. A. does B. didC. has doneD. will do解析：由句中的since時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可知，謂語(yǔ)要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。答案：A。答案：C。3. The Dongying-Hainan airline for about 5 months. I have taken the flights three times.A.is openB. has openedC. has been openD. has been opened解析：根據(jù)第二句句意可知，東營(yíng)至海南的航線已經(jīng)開(kāi)通5個(gè)月了。而open作動(dòng)詞講時(shí)為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，用在完成時(shí)的句子中，需要變?yōu)檠?/p>

20、續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 答案：C。. 易混詞辨析易混詞辨析have / has gone to & have / has been / to / in用法例句have / has gone to指“已去了某地”，說(shuō)話時(shí)當(dāng)事人不在對(duì)話發(fā)生的地方；或在去某地或從某地回來(lái)的途中；或已到達(dá)某地。Jim has gone to London. 吉姆去倫敦了。（可能在去倫敦的路上，也可能已經(jīng)到了倫敦，也可能在從倫敦回來(lái)的路上。）have / has been to指“曾去過(guò)某地”，說(shuō)話時(shí)當(dāng)事人已經(jīng)從該地回來(lái)或已從該地去了其他地方。Jim has been to London twice. 吉姆去過(guò)兩次倫敦。（去過(guò)倫敦

21、，但現(xiàn)在不在那里。）用法例句have / has been in指“已在某地待了一段時(shí)間（如果要表示在某個(gè)小地方待了一段時(shí)間，要將in換為at）”。后面跟副詞時(shí)，要把介詞去掉。Jim has been in London for two years.吉姆已經(jīng)在倫敦待了兩年了?！镜淅觥?Is James at home? No, he _ Yaan to be a volunteer. (2013福州)A. has gone toB. has been toC. is going to答案：A。解析：根據(jù)句意可知詹姆斯不在家，說(shuō)明他已經(jīng)去雅安做志愿者了?？键c(diǎn)七 過(guò)去完成時(shí). 過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法

22、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。概括地講即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。過(guò)去完成時(shí)的句中一般都有一個(gè)或暗含一個(gè)發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作與其做比較，使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在該過(guò)去的動(dòng)作之前。句中常用by，before，until，by the time等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。By the end of last year, we had built five new houses. 到去年為止，我們已經(jīng)建了5座房子。. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)的句式構(gòu)成過(guò)去完成時(shí)的句式構(gòu)成肯定句：主語(yǔ) + had + 過(guò)去分詞 + 其他.否定句：主語(yǔ) + hadnt + 過(guò)去分詞+ 其他.一般疑問(wèn)句：Had

23、 + 主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞 + 其他?特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞 + had + 主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞 + 其他?【典例精析】 Why was he late for school yesterday? He overslept. By the time he got to the bus stop, the bus _ already _. A.was; leavingB. has; leftC. would; leaveD. had; left解析：根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句by the time he got to the bus stop可知，汽車開(kāi)走是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。答案：D?？键c(diǎn)八 過(guò)去

24、將來(lái)時(shí). 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法表示從過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。此時(shí)態(tài)多用于賓語(yǔ)從句或間接引語(yǔ)中。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)由 “should 或 would + 動(dòng)詞原形” 構(gòu)成。也可用“was / were going to+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示。第一人稱用should, 其他人稱用would.They were sure that they would succeed. 他們確信他們會(huì)成功。. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的句式構(gòu)成過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的句式構(gòu)成肯定句：主語(yǔ) + should / would + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他.主語(yǔ) + was / were going to + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他

25、.否定句：主語(yǔ) + should / would not + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他.主語(yǔ) + was / were not + going to + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他.一般疑問(wèn)句：Should / Would + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他?Was / Were + 主語(yǔ) + going to + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他?特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞 + should / would + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他?疑問(wèn)詞 + was / were + 主語(yǔ) + going to + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他?【典例精析】 What did Yang Ying say? She said they _ a s

26、chool trip the next weekend.A. will haveB. hadC. would haveD. have解析：根據(jù)the next weekend可知，敘述的是將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。答案：C?？键c(diǎn)九 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與表示時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如果要與時(shí)間段連用，我們要將句中的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性或狀態(tài)性動(dòng)詞。試比較下面的句子：試比較下面的句子：He has died for three years. ()He has been dead for three years. ()

27、他去世三年了。She has joined the league for two years. ()She has been in the league for two years. ()She has been a league member for two years. ()她入團(tuán)兩年了。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：buy haveborrow keepdie be deadleave be awaybegin / start be onbecome befinish be overget up be upget to know knowget ill

28、be illgo to be to come to be in / atcome here be herecatch a cold have a coldjoin be in / be a member ofget married be marriedget in touch with keep in touch withfall in love with be in love withI have had this dictionary for three months. 我買了這本字典三個(gè)月了。（不能用have bought）I have kept the magazine for two

29、 weeks. 我持有（借）這本雜志兩個(gè)月了。（不能用have borrowed）He has been away from his hometown for over twenty years. 他離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)20多年了。（不能用has left）Hurry up! The film has been on for five minutes. 快！電影還有5分鐘就要開(kāi)始了。（不能用has begun / started）The important meeting has been over for two days. 那場(chǎng)重要的會(huì)議已經(jīng)結(jié)束兩天了。（不能用has finished）They ha

30、ve been married for fifty years. 他們已經(jīng)結(jié)婚55年了。（不能用have got married）注意：如果非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是否定式則可與段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)動(dòng)作并沒(méi)有發(fā)生。We havent seen each other since we parted the year before last. 我們自從前年分開(kāi)以后就再也沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)面。I havent heard from Mr. Smith for a long time. 我很久沒(méi)有收到過(guò)史密斯先生的信了?？键c(diǎn)十 時(shí)態(tài)的疑難點(diǎn)有些時(shí)態(tài)檢測(cè)題沒(méi)有明確的“時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)”或“時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)”信息。解答這類題時(shí)

31、，必須通過(guò)仔細(xì)觀察，據(jù)理分析、判斷，尋找出“暗含”的時(shí)間來(lái)確定上下句之間的時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系?！镜淅觥?. Have you had your breakfast yet? Yes. Mum _ it for me.A.was cooking B. is cooking C. will cook D. cooked解析：句中沒(méi)有具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但答語(yǔ)Yes表明“已經(jīng)吃過(guò)飯了”。據(jù)此推斷“母親做飯”屬過(guò)去發(fā)生的事，因此應(yīng)選cooked。2. Look, so many passengers _ with their smart phones on the underground. A. playedB. will play C. are playingD. have played解析：look暗示的是“現(xiàn)在”，因此應(yīng)選are playing表示“許多乘客正在地鐵里玩智能手機(jī)”。答案：D。答案：C。3. Sam opened the door and _ a lovely dog outside. A. finds B. foundC. has foundD. will find 答案：B。解析：本句雖沒(méi)有表示“過(guò)去”的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但opened暗示本處應(yīng)填found，與opened構(gòu)成這個(gè)句子的并列謂語(yǔ)。