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第39講閱讀理解 2016 黃石 Haveyoueverdreamedaboutsendingalettertoyourselforyourfriendsinthefuture Whileexpressmail 快遞 isafastwaytosendyourletters thereisanothertypeofmailappearinginChinaasanewbusiness futuremail ThelettershouldbesentnextMother sDayandnotadayearlier LinXiaofan acollegestudentinShanghai tellsoneofthecompaniesofferingtheservice LinXiaofanwrotethelettertohermothernearlyayearearliertoexpressherlovetohermotherfornextMother sDay Offeringthisservicemakespeopleslowdownandletsthemunderstandthemeaningof time inanotherway saidZhengZhimin managerata futuremail company Zhengthinks futuremail lettershelpremindusofcare friendshipandlove While futuremail isbecomingmoreandmorepopular somepeoplearewonderingwhatwillhappenifthepostaladdresschangesorifthecompanygoesbrokenbeforethelettersarrive Zhengsaidcustomersaregladtosignacontract 簽訂合同 tomakesurethattheycanbecompensatediftheirlettersarelostordamaged Mostofthecustomersarecollegestudentsandyoungwhite collar 白領(lǐng) workers Psychologists 心理學(xué)家 saidthatyoungChinesemighthaveanewwaytoexpresstheirfeelingsthroughthisservice Mostpeopleputtheirhopesandwishesinthelettersothattheycanexperiencetheconnection 聯(lián)系 betweenthepastandthepresentwhentheyreceivetheletter 1 Futuremail isa an waytosendyourletter A fastB oldC newD cheap2 Theunderlinedword compensate means inChinese A 賠償B 完成C 送達(dá)D 拋棄3 The futuremail serviceispopularamong A juniorstudentsB collegestudentsC youngchildrenD Blue collarworkers C A B 4 The futuremail servicecanhelpus A signacontractB forgetfriendshipC expressourloveandcareforourparentsD understandthemeaningof time inawrongway5 You dbetteruse futuremail ifyouwantto A savemoneyfromsendingexpressmailB sendabirthdaygifttoyourfriendquicklyC talkwithyourfriendsaboutyourlifefreelyD sendyourbestwishestoyourselfonJanuary1 2020 D C 中考英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 題主要是考查考生綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的能力 很多同學(xué)在做題時(shí)常常有一種 讀得懂做不對(duì) 的感覺 那么有必要對(duì)閱讀理解這種題型及其解題技巧作一些簡(jiǎn)要的分析 從近幾年的中考閱讀理解情況看 短文體裁多樣 題材各異 文章涉及科學(xué)知識(shí) 社會(huì)文化 政治歷史 人文環(huán)境和日常生活等方面 充分體現(xiàn)其時(shí)代性和實(shí)用性 短文難度逐年加大 常見題型有主旨題 細(xì)節(jié)題 推斷題 猜測(cè)詞義題和判斷正誤題 做 閱讀理解 題應(yīng)先看問題 弄清考點(diǎn) 在閱讀短文之前 快速瀏覽問題 以便在閱讀短文時(shí)做到心中有數(shù) 快速 準(zhǔn)確地捕捉所需信息 其次要注意先易后難 做題時(shí)不必拘泥于書中所呈現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)篇順序 應(yīng)遵循先易后難的原則 如可先做細(xì)節(jié)題再做推斷題 因?yàn)榧?xì)節(jié)題大多能直接從文中找到答案 而推斷題則需對(duì)短文進(jìn)行深層理解 再作判斷 主旨概括題主旨題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)短文中心思想或作者意圖的掌握 做此類題時(shí) 應(yīng)通讀全文 理解文章大意 充分理解主題句的意義 短文往往圍繞主題句展開 主題句通常出現(xiàn)在短文第一句或最后一句 細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)題是用來進(jìn)一步表達(dá)主題 體現(xiàn)中心思想的 往往針對(duì)短文某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)來設(shè)題 做此類題時(shí) 應(yīng)快速捕捉信息 可能是一些事例 數(shù)字等 閱讀時(shí)要有針對(duì)性 推理判斷題推斷題就是根據(jù)某個(gè)事實(shí)推斷結(jié)論的題型 主要考查學(xué)生的理解力和推斷力 這類推斷通常包括 數(shù)據(jù)事實(shí)推斷 常識(shí)推斷以及作者的寫作目的 態(tài)度和傾向等的推斷 做此類題時(shí) 應(yīng)根據(jù)短文中的相關(guān)語(yǔ)句 對(duì)與事實(shí)有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)加以分析 找出線索 悟出字里行間的意思 反復(fù)比較 從而作出合乎邏輯的判斷 猜測(cè)詞義題猜測(cè)詞義題主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義的能力 一般情況下 推斷詞義的題目中所出現(xiàn)的單詞 大多數(shù)是學(xué)生未曾見過的生詞 學(xué)生需要在該詞出現(xiàn)的上下文中去尋找線索 通過閱讀上下文 斷定該詞的真正含義 然后將這個(gè)釋義代入文中 檢查是否貼切 仔細(xì)比較直到得出該詞的確切含義 例1 2016 武漢 AndrewHolleman a12 year oldboy lovedplayingintheopenlandnearhishome Thelandwaswetandforested andmadeahomeforthebirds otheranimalsandmanydifferentplants Itmadetheperfectplaceforhimtostudyandgettoknowthenature Hehadseensomered tailedhawks redfoxes woodturtlesandotheranimals Healsofoundspecialnativeflowers Suddenlyitwasannouncedthatthe empty landwouldbeimprovedbyalotofhousesonit Theplantswouldberemoved theanimalswouldrunawayandmostwouldprobablydie Thenthewetsoil 土壤 wouldbecoveredwithextragrounds Whenheheardaboutthenews hewasnothappy Hewasveryworriedthatthelandandwaterwouldbepolluted Andrewwrotedownclearlyalltheresearchhehaddoneaboutthearea andhowthehouseswouldaffect 影響 thelocalenvironment Hesentletterstomembersoflocalgovernmentandtelevisionreporters Healsocalledonhisneighborstoopposethebuildingofthehouses Althoughhewasonly12yearsold hehadthecourageandwisdomofapersonmucholder Andrew steachersdescribedhimasgentle shyandactive Hisclassmatesalsoadmiredhowmuchheknewaboutlocalanimalsandplants andtheenvironment Eachdayafterschool Andrewwentdoor to door toaskthepeopletosign 簽名 whodidnotwantthehousestobebuilt Inonlyonemonth hegotthesignaturesof250people Intheend thelandremainedasafeplaceforbirds animalsandplantsthatbelongedthere Andrewwonmanyprizesforhisbraveandgreatworktostopthehousesbeingbuilt andthushelpsavetheenvironment 1 Thepassageismainlyabout A 250peoplewhosignedtohelpAndrewB abraveboywhocaredfortheenvironmentC theopenlandthatsuitedanimalsandplantsD theresearchofimprovingtheenvironment答案 解析 主旨大意題 通讀全文可知 文章主要講述了12歲的少年Andrew為了阻止動(dòng)物的家園被毀而挨家挨戶地動(dòng)員人們簽名請(qǐng)?jiān)敢员Ｗo(hù)當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境的故事 B 2 Theunderlinedword oppose inthepassageprobablymeans A supportB dislikeC disagreeD prefer答案 解析 詞義猜測(cè)題 由第五段第一句 Andrewwrotedownclearlyalltheresearchhehaddoneaboutthearea andhowthehouseswouldaffect 影響 thelocalenvironment 可知 Andrew經(jīng)過調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)計(jì)劃建造的房屋對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐沫h(huán)境破壞極大 由此可以推斷出 Healsocalledonhisneighborstoopposethebuildingofthehouses 的意思是 他還號(hào)召他的鄰居們一起反對(duì)在此處建造房子 因此 oppose的意思是 反對(duì) 不同意 相當(dāng)于disagree 3 Andrewwasveryworriedbecause A theanimalswouldbekilledB newhouseswouldbebuiltontheopenlandC notalltheneighborsweregoingtosignD thelocalgovernmentmadearightdecision答案 解析 推理判斷題 通讀第三 四段可知 Andrew擔(dān)心當(dāng)?shù)氐耐恋睾退獾轿廴?擔(dān)心動(dòng)植物會(huì)失去家園 大部分動(dòng)物可能會(huì)死 這一切都是在戶外的土地上建造房屋會(huì)帶來的后果 C B 4 Accordingtothepassage Andrew A wasgoodatgoingdoor to doorB gotinnotouchwiththereportersC usuallyactedlikeapersonmucholderD waspraisedbyhisteachersandclassmates答案 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 由第六段第二 三句 Andrew steachersdescribedhimasgentle shyandactive Hisclassmatesalsoadmiredhowmuchheknewaboutlocalanimalsandplant andtheenvironment 可知 Andrew獲得了老師和同學(xué)們的贊揚(yáng) 5 Wecaninfer 推測(cè) that A thelandwouldremainasitusedtobeB theopenlandwouldbebuiltintoaparkC theneighborswouldhavetomoveawayD Andrewwouldsoonworkforthegovernment答案 解析 推理判斷題 由倒數(shù)第二段 Intheend thelandremainedasafeplaceforbirds animalsandplantsthatbelongedthere 可知 最后這片土地仍舊是鳥兒 動(dòng)植物安全的家園 即這片土地將會(huì)保持原貌 A D 2016 安徽 Whilemanyyoungpeoplewereenjoyingthesummervacation ZachBonnerwasworkinghishardest ZachstartedwalkingfromValrico Florida hishometown onChristmas 2009 HereachedLosAngelesninemonthslaterinSeptember 2010 Hecoveredatotalof2 478milesandraised 120 000forkidsinneed Alongtheway Zachattendedschoolonline Hismother brotherandsistertookturnstowalkordrivetogetherwithhim Althoughheisveryyoung Zachhasalonghistoryofhelpingothers Whenaterriblestormhittownin2004 Zach whensix pulledawagon 小推車 throughhiscommunityandcollectedfoodforpeopleinneed Hehasraised 400 000forhisLittleRedWagonFoundationsincethen Itgivesmoneytoprojectswhichhelphomelesschildren In2007 Zachbeganwalkingtosupportachildren scharity 慈善組織 inTampa Florida Hefinishedhisjourney23dayslater 280milesawayinTallahassee Theninthesummerof2009 hetrekkedabout670milesfromAtlantatoWashington D C injusttwomonths Aslongastherearehomelesskids Iwillneverstopwalkingforthem Zachsays 1 WhatdidZachdoduringthesummervacationin2010 A Hestayedathometolookafterhisfamily B Hetravelledtohishometownwithhisfamily C Hejoinedinaschoolactivitywithotherkids D Hewalkedtocollectmoneyforkidsinneed 2 WecanlearnfromParagraph2thatZach A begantohelppeopleataveryearlyageB mademoneytopayforhiseducationC enjoyedplayingaroundinhiscommunityD workedveryhardforhisfamily3 AtwhatagedidZachstartwalkingtosupportaTampachildren scharity A Atsix B Atnine C Ateleven D Attwelve 4 Theunderlinedword trekked inParagraph3probablymeans A 延伸B 挖掘C 跋涉D 飛行5 WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesZach A Friendlyandshy B Sillybutlovely C Kindandhelpful D Cleverbutlazy C D A B C