第35講主謂一致和there be句型浙江專用外研版主謂一致 在英語(yǔ)中，句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上要保持一致關(guān)系，這種關(guān)系叫主謂一致。中考關(guān)于主謂一致的考點(diǎn)有：1語(yǔ)法一致原則；2意義一致原則；3就近原則。高頻考向一語(yǔ)法一致原則語(yǔ)法一致即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。當(dāng)and連接兩個(gè)或多個(gè)名詞，或both.and.連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Tom and Mike are good friends.湯姆和邁克是好朋友。Both Lucy and Lily are students.露西和莉莉都是學(xué)生。不定代詞either，neither，anybody，anyone，anything，no one，nothing等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Is there anything wrong with your bike？你的自行車有什么毛病嗎？Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.大家都在為運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)做準(zhǔn)備。由each，each.and each.，every.and every.，every.作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Each boy and each girl was given a new book.每一個(gè)男孩和每一個(gè)女孩都被給了一本新書。主語(yǔ)后有with，along with，together with，as well as，no less than，more than，including，besides，like，except，but等詞或短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。如：Mr Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing.格林先生將和他的妻子及兩個(gè)女兒一塊兒來北京?！癮 number of名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“the number of名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：A number of trees are cut down.許多樹木被砍倒了。The number of students in our class is 32.我們班學(xué)生人數(shù)為32?！癮 lot of(lots of，plenty of，a pile of，piles of，most of)名詞”或“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)名詞”等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于名詞，如果是不可數(shù)名詞，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Lots of people have been there.很多人去過那兒。由“a pair(a kind，a series.)of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；“pairs(kinds.)of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table.一副太陽(yáng)鏡放在桌子上。Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day.每天能制作十五雙鞋。不定式或動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Reading is learning.讀書就是學(xué)習(xí)。高頻考向二意義一致原則意義一致又叫概念一致，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要與主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的概念一致。由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞，如果是指同一概念(即and后面無冠詞)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：The teacher and writer is coming to give us a report next week.那位老師兼作家下周要來給我們作報(bào)告。The singer and dancer has been invited to the party.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀請(qǐng)參加了聚會(huì)。表示金錢、價(jià)格、時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度等復(fù)數(shù)名詞及詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般被看做一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。如：Three years is a long time.三年是一段很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。集體名詞(如family，team，crowd，company，class，group，government.)如果表示整體概念，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果表示集體中的成員，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：My family is a small one with three people.我家是一個(gè)有三口人的小家庭。“the姓氏名詞復(fù)數(shù)”或“theold”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：The Greens enjoy living in china.格林一家(夫婦)喜歡在中國(guó)生活。The young are energetic.年輕人很活力。算式中，表示加法和乘法時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式，也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但表示減法和除法時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用單數(shù)形式。如：What is/are three times three？3乘以3是多少？高頻考向三就近原則有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式與最靠近它的名詞保持一致，這種原則叫做就近原則，又叫做鄰近原則。由either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but (also).，not.but.或or連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與較近的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。如：Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.不但我父母而且我也盼望看到我叔叔。Not only Jim but also his parents want to live in China.不僅吉姆而且他的父母也想居住在中國(guó)。He or you have taken my pen.他或你拿了我的鋼筆。There be.和Here be.這兩個(gè)句式中的be動(dòng)詞常與最近的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致。如：There is an apple and two bananas on the table.桌子上有一個(gè)蘋果和兩根香蕉。There be句型 There be句型是一種常見的表示“存在”的句型。該結(jié)構(gòu)表示某地客觀存在某物，是一種倒裝語(yǔ)序。中考關(guān)于there be 句型的考點(diǎn)有：1there be句型的結(jié)構(gòu)及就近原則；2there be句型的否定形式和疑問形式。高頻考向一There be句型結(jié)構(gòu)“There be.”句型是存在句的常用基本結(jié)構(gòu)，there在句中處于主語(yǔ)位置，起形式主語(yǔ)的作用，真正的主語(yǔ)是隨后的名詞詞組。要表達(dá)“某個(gè)地方或某個(gè)時(shí)間存在什么事物或人”的時(shí)候常用“There be 名詞 地點(diǎn)(時(shí)間)”。該句型有如下幾種情況：1There is單數(shù)主語(yǔ)/不可數(shù)主語(yǔ)(v.ing)地點(diǎn)。如：There is a ruler on the desk.書桌上有一把尺。There is some water in the bottle.瓶子里有一些水。There is a bird singing in the tree.樹上有一只鳥正在唱歌。2There are復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)(v.ing)地點(diǎn)。如：There are many flowers in the park. 公園里有許多花。There are two boys running on the street. 街上有兩個(gè)男孩正在奔跑。3可以在be前加上情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示“預(yù)見”、“可能”、“必然”或“過去習(xí)慣存在”等。如：There may be a cigarette in that box.那個(gè)盒子里或許有支香煙。There must be some cakes on the table.桌子上一定有些蛋糕。4也可以在be前加上某些半助動(dòng)詞(如：be going to, be certain to, be sure to, be likely to, have to 等)，表示更具體的意思。如：There is going to be a rain. 要下雨了。There has to be a mistake. 必定有錯(cuò)。There used to be a hospital before the war.在戰(zhàn)前，那里曾經(jīng)有家醫(yī)院。There happened to be a bus nearby.碰巧附近有輛公交車。5There be 中的be 有時(shí)可以用某些表示存在、發(fā)生、出現(xiàn)、坐落等意義的不及物動(dòng)詞(如lie, stand, exit等)來代替。如：There stood a temple near the river. 河邊有一座廟宇。There came a scent of limeblossom.飄來一陣菩提樹的花香。Once upon a time there lived a princess in the tower.從前那個(gè)城堡里住著一個(gè)公主?！咀⒁狻咳绻渲械牡攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)前移就可以省略there。如：Behind the house (there) is a small river.門后有一條小河。高頻考向二There be句型的時(shí)態(tài)There be 句型中動(dòng)詞be可以有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、將來時(shí)和完成時(shí)。如：There is ice on the lake. 湖上有冰。There were three students in the classroom then. 當(dāng)時(shí)教室有三個(gè)學(xué)生。There has never been anybody like you. 還從來沒有像你這樣的人。There will be snow on high ground.在高地上將會(huì)有雪。高頻考向三There be句型的否定句There be 句型的否定句有兩種構(gòu)成方式：1通常直接在be或助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not(在口語(yǔ)中be時(shí)常與not縮寫在一起)。如果句中有some，一般要變成any。如：There isnt a box in the room.房間里沒有盒子。There arent any pens on the desk.課桌上沒有鋼筆。There hasnt been any rain for a week.一周沒下雨了。2在主語(yǔ)前加上不定代詞no。 如：There is no water in the bottle.瓶子里沒有水。There might be no money left.或許沒有錢剩下。高頻考向四There be句型的疑問句1一般疑問句及其答語(yǔ)There be 句型的一般疑問句是將be或助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提至there之前，首字母大寫，句末用問號(hào)即可。回答時(shí)用yes或no，后接簡(jiǎn)單答語(yǔ)。如：Is there a cake on the table？桌子上有塊蛋糕嗎？Yes，there is. / No，there isnt.是，有。/ 不，沒有。Will there be a party tonight？今晚有聚會(huì)嗎？Yes，there will./ No, there wont.是的，有。/不，沒有。2特殊疑問句及其回答特殊疑問句由 “特殊疑問詞一般疑問句”構(gòu)成，回答時(shí)要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況。提問句子的主語(yǔ)(包括主語(yǔ)前的修飾語(yǔ))時(shí)，句型一律用“What is 地點(diǎn)介詞短語(yǔ)？”(無論主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)都用is)如：There are some birds in the tree. Whats in the tree?對(duì)there be后面的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)進(jìn)行提問時(shí)，句型結(jié)構(gòu)為“Where is/are主語(yǔ)？”如：There is a car in the street. Where is the car?提問名詞(主語(yǔ))前的數(shù)量時(shí)，可數(shù)名詞用how many；不可數(shù)名詞用how much。句型結(jié)構(gòu)為“How many/much 名詞 be there 其他？”如：How many trees are there in your garden? 你的花園里有多少棵樹？How much water is there in the cup？杯子里有多少水？高頻考向五There be句型的主謂一致1當(dāng)be動(dòng)詞后所接的名詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)is；當(dāng)其后所接的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)are。如：Theres a man at the door.門口有個(gè)人。There is some apple juice in the bottle.瓶子里有些蘋果汁。There are so many strangers in the street.大街上有如此多的陌生人。2如果There be 后面是幾個(gè)并列名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞be的形式和最靠近它的那個(gè)名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。即“就近原則”，如：There are two books and a pen on the desk.書桌上有兩本書和一支鋼筆。(因?yàn)樽羁拷黚e的名詞是two books，是復(fù)數(shù)，所以用are)There is a pen and two books on the desk.書桌上有一支鋼筆和兩本書。(因?yàn)樽羁拷黚e的名詞是a pen，是單數(shù)，所以用is)【注意】如果主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，卻表示一筆金額或一個(gè)總數(shù)或表達(dá)一個(gè)單個(gè)概念時(shí)，則仍用be動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)形式，如：There is five hundred dollars to pay.還需付五百美元。There is still another 20 miles to drive.還要開20英里的車。高頻考向六“there be”和“have”的區(qū)別1相同點(diǎn)：在表示結(jié)構(gòu)上的含有時(shí)，既可以用there be句型，也可以用have(has)來表示。如：There are many long rivers in China.China has many long rivers.中國(guó)有許多長(zhǎng)河。How many days are there in March?How many days does March have？三月份有多少天？2不同點(diǎn)：there be 表存在，強(qiáng)調(diào)某地有某物，不表示所屬關(guān)系；have表示所有關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)某人或某地有某物。如：I have a book.我有一本書。(書歸我所有，我是書的主人。所屬“有”)There is a book on the desk.在桌子上有一本書。(書只是存在于桌子上，但書不屬于桌子所有。存在“有”)【口訣】“有”字放前面，有“啥”放中間；時(shí)間地點(diǎn)放后面；單數(shù)is，復(fù)數(shù)are；注意be的兩變化?！咀⒁狻?jī)煞N結(jié)構(gòu)不能在一個(gè)句子中同時(shí)出現(xiàn)。一、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。(原創(chuàng)題)1Xinjiang food _(taste) delicious. Most people like eating.2Either Tom or Sarah _(be) going to the party next week. One of them must stay at home.3The actor and director _(be) coming to give us speech next weekend.4This pair of trousers _(make) by my aunt last year.5Twenty years _ (have) passed since he left his home town.6The woman with two children _(be) standing at the door now.tastesisiswas madehasis7Neither my sister nor I _(have) ever been to America before.8The Blacks _(be) watching TV when I arrived.9No one but my parents _(know) the truth.10How many girls are there in your class?The number of them _ (be) over twenty.havewereknowsis二、按要求完成下列句子。11There are four apples on the ground.(改為一般疑問句)Are there four apples on the ground?12There are five birds singing in the tree.(對(duì)畫線部分提問)Whats in the tree?13There are two bowls on the table.(改為否定句)There arent two bowls on the table.14There is an apple tree in the garden.(改為否定句)There isnt an apple tree in the garden.15There are not any cats in my family.(改為同義句)There are no cats in my family.16There is not any milk in the bottle.(改為同義句)There is no milk in the bottle.