八、被動(dòng)語態(tài)八、被動(dòng)語態(tài)(二二)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法用法用法例句例句(1)不知道或沒必不知道或沒必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者行者。Such books are written for children.Printing was introduced into Europe from China.(2)動(dòng)作的承受者動(dòng)作的承受者是談話的中心，是談話的中心，或者既關(guān)心動(dòng)作或者既關(guān)心動(dòng)作的承受者，又關(guān)的承受者，又關(guān)心動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者心動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。This song was composed(作曲作曲) by a student. She is liked by everybody.(3)出于修辭的需出于修辭的需要要。He went to the country and was warmly welcomed. (此句此句使用同一主語，以求簡練使用同一主語，以求簡練)結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)例句例句附注附注(1)主語主語被動(dòng)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)動(dòng)詞Rice is grown in the south.People grow rice in the south.(2)主語主語被動(dòng)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)動(dòng)詞保留賓保留賓語語(或介或介詞短語詞短語)I was given a book (by him). A book was given (to) me (by him).He gave me a book.帶雙賓語的句子變帶雙賓語的句子變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，將其被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，將其中一個(gè)賓語變成被中一個(gè)賓語變成被動(dòng)句的主語，另一動(dòng)句的主語，另一個(gè)賓語置于原來的個(gè)賓語置于原來的位置上，稱之為位置上，稱之為“保留賓語保留賓語”。（三）被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句型結(jié)構(gòu)（三）被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句型結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)例句例句附注附注(3)主語主語被動(dòng)被動(dòng)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞主補(bǔ)主補(bǔ)He will be made our monitor.We will make him our monitor.He was seen to come this morning.I saw him come this morning.主動(dòng)句中的賓語補(bǔ)足主動(dòng)句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語變成被動(dòng)句后被稱語變成被動(dòng)句后被稱作主語補(bǔ)足語；作主語補(bǔ)足語；在主動(dòng)句中，不定式在主動(dòng)句中，不定式在有些動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)在有些動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)要省要省to；而變成被動(dòng)；而變成被動(dòng)式后，這類不定式隨式后，這類不定式隨之變成了主補(bǔ)，就要之變成了主補(bǔ)，就要加加to。結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)例句例句附注附注(4)主語主語情態(tài)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)動(dòng)被動(dòng)動(dòng)詞詞 He should be praised by the teacher. The teacher should praise him. (5)主語主語被動(dòng)被動(dòng)的短語的短語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 My sister is taken care of by Grandma. Grandma takes care of my sister.短語動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)短語動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)式后，要保持整體式后，要保持整體性，不能漏掉介詞性，不能漏掉介詞或副詞。或副詞。 結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)例句例句附注附注(6)形式形式主語主語it被動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)詞主語主語從句從句 It is thought that she is a good teacher. Everyone thinks that she is a good teacher. It was suggested that we should put off the meeting. Somebody suggested that we should put off the meeting. 這類句子的被動(dòng)式實(shí)際這類句子的被動(dòng)式實(shí)際上就是將主動(dòng)句中的賓上就是將主動(dòng)句中的賓語從句變成主語從句語從句變成主語從句。用于這類結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語動(dòng)用于這類結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語動(dòng)詞常見的有：詞常見的有：say, think, believe, suppose, report, hope, know, decide, etc.學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)可作句型來記憶：學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)可作句型來記憶： It is said that. It is believed that. It is supposed that. It is reported that. It is known that. 結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)例句例句附注附注(7)主語主語被動(dòng)被動(dòng)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞不動(dòng)詞不定式定式 The horse is said to run very fast. They say that the horse runs very fast. 這一結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際上是結(jié)構(gòu)這一結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際上是結(jié)構(gòu)(6)的簡化的簡化。此例即可改此例即可改成：成：It is said that the horse runs very fast. 同同樣，結(jié)構(gòu)樣，結(jié)構(gòu)(6)的例句的例句1亦亦可改成可改成She is thought to be a good teacher. 不難不難理解，理解，(6)(7)結(jié)構(gòu)的互換，結(jié)構(gòu)的互換，就是復(fù)合句與簡單句的就是復(fù)合句與簡單句的互換互換。 (四四)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)須注意的問題使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)須注意的問題注意事項(xiàng)注意事項(xiàng)例句例句只有及物動(dòng)詞和及物動(dòng)詞只有及物動(dòng)詞和及物動(dòng)詞短語才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，不及短語才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞短語物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞短語無被動(dòng)語態(tài)，常見不及物無被動(dòng)語態(tài)，常見不及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞短語有：動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞短語有：appear，die，disappear，end (vi.結(jié)束結(jié)束)，fail，happen，last，lie，remain，sit，spread，stand，break out，come true，fall asleep，keep silent，lose heart，take place等等。 The price has been risen.()The price has risen.()The price has raised.() The price has been raised.()The accident was happened last week.() The accident happened last week.()Please seat.() Please be seated.()This room is belonged to me.()This room belongs to me.()注意事項(xiàng)注意事項(xiàng)例句例句表示狀態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞，如表示狀態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞，如have，cost，fit，last，own，hold，become等往往不能等往往不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 The shirt fits him very well.()He is fitted very well by the shirt.() 反身代詞在句中作賓語反身代詞在句中作賓語時(shí)，不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 You must look after yourself.()Yourself must be looked after.()注意事項(xiàng)注意事項(xiàng)例句例句短語動(dòng)詞作為一個(gè)整體轉(zhuǎn)短語動(dòng)詞作為一個(gè)整體轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，后面的換為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，后面的介詞或副詞不能拆開或省介詞或副詞不能拆開或省略略。 All the rubbish should be got rid of.The Child will be taken of by my mother.Such a thing has never been heard of before.動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞(read / write / sell / wash / clean / wear / open / eat / lock/.) 副詞副詞(well / badly / easily / smoothly /.)表示主語的表示主語的屬性特征時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形屬性特征時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義式表被動(dòng)含義。 This hall measures 100 metres long and 60 metres wide. This type of car sells well in China. 2Food can keep fresh in a fridge.4This song is well worth listening to.8He dislikes being laughed at.