Unit 1 Know yourself (Grammar B) Both可作形容詞、代詞或副詞用，意思是可作形容詞、代詞或副詞用，意思是“兩個(gè)兩個(gè)”、“雙方雙方”、“兩個(gè)都兩個(gè)都”。在句中可作主語、賓語或同位。在句中可作主語、賓語或同位語。語。 如：如：Both are right.(主語主語) I like both.(賓語賓語) Both pencils are mine.(同位語）同位語）三者呢？三者呢？一、一、Both和和both of后都可接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，構(gòu)成名詞詞組。后都可接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，構(gòu)成名詞詞組。 Both后的名詞前可有定冠詞、指示代詞或物主代詞后的名詞前可有定冠詞、指示代詞或物主代詞作修飾限定，也可沒有；作修飾限定，也可沒有；both of后的名詞前卻一定要有后的名詞前卻一定要有定冠詞、指示代詞或物主代詞作修飾限定。定冠詞、指示代詞或物主代詞作修飾限定。Both of后可接人稱代詞賓格，后可接人稱代詞賓格，both后則不可；但人稱代詞后則不可；但人稱代詞賓格后可接賓格后可接both。二、二、Both與動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，大多數(shù)放在系動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，大多數(shù)放在系動(dòng)詞be之后，其它之后，其它動(dòng)詞之前。動(dòng)詞之前。 His parents workers. They reading. 若句中謂語動(dòng)詞包含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，若句中謂語動(dòng)詞包含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，both大多放大多放在第一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞之后。在第一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞之后。 The bridges be built this year. kate and Mary gone to England. 三、三、Both可與可與and構(gòu)成并列連詞，連接兩個(gè)性質(zhì)相同并在構(gòu)成并列連詞，連接兩個(gè)性質(zhì)相同并在句中作相同成分的并行結(jié)構(gòu)。句中作相同成分的并行結(jié)構(gòu)。 Both he and his brother are good at English.(連接兩連接兩個(gè)主語個(gè)主語)她能歌善舞?，旣惣扔焉朴制痢oth+ 名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)of the ns / 代詞代詞. and .作作主語主語看作看作復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)1.二個(gè)女孩都來自英國(guó)。二個(gè)女孩都來自英國(guó)。2.科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)二門都很難?？茖W(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)二門都很難。_ _ _ _ England._ _ _ _ _ England.Both girls are / come fromBoth of the girlsare / comefrom_ science _ maths _ hard.Bothandare3.I can speak _ Chinese _ English.both and四、含四、含both的句子變?yōu)榉穸〞r(shí)，是將的句子變?yōu)榉穸〞r(shí)，是將both改為改為neither。兩個(gè)男孩都聰明。兩個(gè)男孩都聰明。兩個(gè)男孩都不聰明。兩個(gè)男孩都不聰明。并不是兩個(gè)男孩都聰明并不是兩個(gè)男孩都聰明( (一個(gè)聰明一個(gè)愚笨一個(gè)聰明一個(gè)愚笨) )。不完全否定不完全否定含含bothand的句子變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r(shí)，將的句子變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r(shí)，將bothand改為改為neithernor.，連接的兩個(gè)部分若是名詞，可以是單數(shù)，連接的兩個(gè)部分若是名詞，可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)。也可以是復(fù)數(shù)。 NOT ONLY. BUT (ALSO).不但不但而且而且 1. not only. but (also).在句中常用來連接兩個(gè)對(duì)等的在句中常用來連接兩個(gè)對(duì)等的成分，成分，also可以省略。如：可以省略。如： He is learning not only English but (also) French. （連（連接兩個(gè)賓語）接兩個(gè)賓語） 他不但在學(xué)英語，而且還在學(xué)法語。他不但在學(xué)英語，而且還在學(xué)法語。 She speaks Russian not only in class but (also) at home. 她在課堂上和家里都說俄語。她在課堂上和家里都說俄語。 （連接兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語）（連接兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語）2. NOT ONLY. BUT (ALSO). 用用來連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單、來連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)遵循復(fù)數(shù)遵循“就近原則就近原則”，即和，即和BUT (ALSO)后的名詞或代詞的數(shù)一致。后的名詞或代詞的數(shù)一致。如：如： Not only Zhou Xia but also her parents are fond of watching football matches. 不但周霞，而且她的父母都喜歡看足球比賽。 Not only you but also he is tired of having one examination after another.不但你，而且他也討厭一次接一次的考試。3.NOT ONLY. BUT (ALSO). 連接兩個(gè)分句，當(dāng)NOT ONLY位于句首，前一個(gè)分句常用部分倒裝來表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，而BUT (ALSO)后的分句仍用陳述語序。如： Not only is the teacher himself interested in foreign films，but also all his students are beginning to show an interest in them. 不但老師自己對(duì)外國(guó)電影感興趣，就連他所有的學(xué)生也開始對(duì)外國(guó)電影感興趣了。 Not only does Miss Li like music, but (also) she likes sports. 李小姐不但喜歡音樂，而且還喜歡體育。 4. not only but also 中的中的 not only 不能分開使用，不能分開使用，但但 but also 卻可以分開使用。例如：卻可以分開使用。例如：The area was not only hit by an unexpected heavy rain， but some bridges were also washed away.5. not only but also 連接兩個(gè)并列連接兩個(gè)并列成分時(shí)，可以省略成分時(shí)，可以省略 but 或或 also ，也可，也可以把以把 but also 都省略掉。例如：都省略掉。例如：I not only heard it but （ also ） saw it.He was not only compelled（被迫）（被迫） to stay at home，（，（ but ） also forbidden（禁（禁止）止） to see his friend.She not only finished the task ahead of time， （ but also ） she came to help us. 【注意】使用中注意兩點(diǎn)：【注意】使用中注意兩點(diǎn)：1、就近。指謂語形式取決于離它近的主語。、就近。指謂語形式取決于離它近的主語。Not only the students but also the teacher reads English every day.2、一致。、一致。not only 與與 but also后面所接的詞類要一致。后面所接的詞類要一致。She can not only sing but also dance. 【用法小結(jié)】【用法小結(jié)】 1. not only but also 應(yīng)連接兩個(gè)相對(duì)稱的并應(yīng)連接兩個(gè)相對(duì)稱的并列成分。例如：列成分。例如：Not only Mr Lin but also his son joined the Party two years ago. （連接兩個(gè)主語）（連接兩個(gè)主語）I not only play tennis but also practise shooting. （連接兩個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞）（連接兩個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞）He plays not only the piano but also the violin. （連接兩個(gè)賓語）（連接兩個(gè)賓語）They speak English not only in class but also in the dormitory. （連接兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語）（連接兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語） Either -or-Neither-nor- either : 指兩者中的任意一個(gè)。 either.or.意為或者或者；不是就是之意。表示兩者之一，連接句子中兩個(gè)并列的成分 neither: 指兩者中沒有一個(gè)，全否定。 neither.nor.表示既不也不。其含義是否定的，可連接任意兩個(gè)并列的成份。 Bent: Hi Sam, what do you think? We can go to the tomb today. We can also go there tomorrow. Sam: Lets go tomorrow. The students are all too tired today. One complained that the room was not clean and not comfortable.We can go to the tomb either today or tomorrow.One complained that the room was neither neither clean nor very comfortable. Ben: Well, I think the rooms are very clean and comfortable, and I slept very well in mine. Did you notice that Marco and Peter did not come to the talk? Sam: I suppose they were tired, but thats not a very good excuse. Well, after visiting the ruins tomorrow, we can then relax. We can go to the Dragon Restaurant. The Phoenix Restaurant is also very good. Did you notice that neither Marco nor Peter come to the talk?We can either go to the Dragon Restaurant or the Phoenix Restaurant.EITHER -OR- Either you or I can go there tomorrow. subject I either stay at home or go shopping. verb We could choose to eat either noodles or rice . object They are going there either by train or by air. adverbialNEITHER-NOR- Neither you nor I can go there tomorrow. subjectI neither stay at home nor go shopping. verbWe could choose to eat neither noodles nor rice . object They are going there neither by train nor by air. adverbialTRY TO CORRECT THE FOLLOWING MISTAKES IF ANY When the girl is happy, she either sings or dances. Either my uncle or my parents is going there tomorrow. Neither they nor she is good at drawing. He does not do it, either does he try. Either of the films is good. There were trees and flowers on either side of the street. areneither If you dont go to the party, I dont too. Are either you or I going there tomorrow? Both dad and mum is at home today. Neither of his cats has been fed. Both he and I are right.eitherare Either 用于句末，表示否定的“也”，類似too Either +noun Either of +noun Either-or- 就近原則 Neither 用于句首，表示否定的“也”，倒裝（nor） Neither+ noun Neither of +noun Neither-nor- 就近原則TRY TO DISTINGUISH- Neither teacher often answers the questions. 這兩個(gè)老師，沒有一個(gè)經(jīng)常解答問題。 Either teacher often answers the questions. 這兩個(gè)老師中有一們常常解答問題。 I dont know both his teachers. 他的兩位老師我并非都認(rèn)識(shí)。（半否定） I know neither his teachers. 他的老師我都不認(rèn)識(shí)。（全否定）SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION1.Jim doesnt like football. Tom doesnt like football， either. =Jim doesnt like football. Neither （nor）does Tom. =Neither Jim nor Tom likes football.2.He cant speak either Japanese or Chinese . =He can speak neither Japanese nor Chinese. Either you or he has lunch at school. 其一般疑問句應(yīng)為： Do either you or he have lunch at school? 是你還是他在學(xué)校吃午飯？ ? both and， too， 用于肯定句與neither nor， either， 是相反的 Susan likes playing the violin. Shirley likes playing it， too. =Susan likes playing the violin， so does Shirley. =Both Susan and Shirley like playing the violin.Amys family and classmates B1 Amy is writing about what her family does at the weekend. Help her complete the sentences with the correct conjunctions. 1._ my dad _ my mum goes to work at the weekend. We visit my grandparents on Saturdays. 2._ my mum _ my grandma are good at cooking. They cook lunch for us. 3._ my mum _ my dad does the dishes after lunch. I also help with it. 4.In the afternoon, my grandpa and my dad _ play chess _ chat with each other. 5.My mum _ helps clean the rooms for my grandparents _ does some shopping for them. Amy and Suzy are talking about what jobs their classmates can do in the future. Complete their conversation with the correct conjunctions and the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. B2Amy: Suzy: Amy: Ive learnt about jobs and personalities recently. Really? What jobs do you think our classmates can do in the future? I think Millie would make an excellent teacher. Shes (1) _ willing to work with children _ patient with them. What about Simon? Hes active and good at playing football. I think he can be (2) _ a PE teacher _ a football player. Do you think David and Lisa can be artists? Theyre very organized, but artists should be creative. (3) _ Davids _ Lisas personality (4) _ (be) suitable for being an artist, Im afraid. Who can be a manager? (5) _ Judy _ Paul (6) _ (be) very confident and energetic. I think they can be managers. How can I learn about jobs and personalities? You can read about them (7) _ from some books _ on the Internet. Suzy: Amy: Suzy: Amy: Suzy: Amy: Suzy: Amy: 鞏固練習(xí)：( )1. Can I park my car here？ Yes，you can park on ( ) side of the street. （蘇州市） A. either B. neither C. both D. all( )2. We asked John and Henry some easy questions，but ( ) of them could answer them. （上海市） A. none B. both C. all D. neither( )3. Which is more useful， biology or chemistry？ I think ( ) them are useful. （廣州市） A. either of B. none of C. both of D. all of( )4. ( ) Lily ( ) Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home. （吉林?。?A. Not only；but also B. Neither；nor C. Both；and D. Either；orADCD正誤辨析正誤辨析1.1.誤誤 Both my parents are not here. They went to the concert just now. Both my parents are not here. They went to the concert just now. 正正 Neither of my parents is here. They went to the concert just now. Neither of my parents is here. They went to the concert just now. 析析 在英語中在英語中bothboth一般用于肯定句中，如用于否定句中，其意義也不同于一般用于肯定句中，如用于否定句中，其意義也不同于漢語，如：漢語，如：Both of us are not right. Both of us are not right. 在英語中應(yīng)被理解為在英語中應(yīng)被理解為 我們倆不都對(duì)。我們倆不都對(duì)。 而而Neither of us is rightNeither of us is right。 才能被理解為才能被理解為 我們倆無一正確我們倆無一正確 。2.2.誤誤 He or his parents has some tickets for the film. He or his parents has some tickets for the film. 正正 He or his parents have some tickets for the film. He or his parents have some tickets for the film. 析析 由由or or 連接兩主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與相臨近的那一個(gè)主語保持一致。連接兩主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與相臨近的那一個(gè)主語保持一致。3.3.誤誤 You should study hard, and you wont pass the exam. You should study hard, and you wont pass the exam. 正正 You should study hard, or you wont pass the exam. You should study hard, or you wont pass the exam. 析析 oror作為連詞，這里的意思為作為連詞，這里的意思為 否則否則 。又如：。又如：Hurry up, or youll be Hurry up, or youll be late for school.late for school.4.4.誤誤 Though he is poor, but he is ready to help others. Though he is poor, but he is ready to help others. 正正 Though he is poor, he is ready to help others. Though he is poor, he is ready to help others. 正正 He is poor, but he is ready to help others. He is poor, but he is ready to help others. 析析 雖然雖然但是但是 是中文中的常用結(jié)構(gòu)，但在英文中用了是中文中的常用結(jié)構(gòu)，但在英文中用了 雖然雖然 則不要?jiǎng)t不要用用 但是但是 ，用了，用了 但是但是 則不能再用則不能再用 雖然雖然 ，二者只可用其一。，二者只可用其一。正誤辨析正誤辨析5.5.誤誤 Either you or I are on duty. Either you or I are on duty. 正正 Either you or I am on duty. Either you or I am on duty. 析析 eitheror eitheror 連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞與相臨近的一個(gè)主語相呼應(yīng)，連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞與相臨近的一個(gè)主語相呼應(yīng)，這也叫作就近原則。類似的用法還有這也叫作就近原則。類似的用法還有or, neither nor, not onlybut alsoor, neither nor, not onlybut also等。等。6.6.誤誤 Tom is our English teacher and teaching English in our school Tom is our English teacher and teaching English in our school now. now. 正正Tom is our English teacher and is teaching English in our school Tom is our English teacher and is teaching English in our school now.now. 析析 并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略，以免重復(fù)，但不是所有詞并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略，以免重復(fù)，但不是所有詞都可作任意的省略的。當(dāng)你連接的是兩個(gè)系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面的那個(gè)系動(dòng)詞不可省都可作任意的省略的。當(dāng)你連接的是兩個(gè)系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面的那個(gè)系動(dòng)詞不可省略，也就是講連接的部分不可省略。略，也就是講連接的部分不可省略。7.7.誤誤 My father likes swimming and to collect stamps. My father likes swimming and to collect stamps. 正正 My father likes swimming and collecting stamps. My father likes swimming and collecting stamps. 析析 由并列連詞連接的兩個(gè)部分要保持相等的語法結(jié)構(gòu)。如是動(dòng)名詞則都由并列連詞連接的兩個(gè)部分要保持相等的語法結(jié)構(gòu)。如是動(dòng)名詞則都用動(dòng)名詞，如用不定式則都應(yīng)用不定式，這是初學(xué)者要注意的一點(diǎn)。用動(dòng)名詞，如用不定式則都應(yīng)用不定式，這是初學(xué)者要注意的一點(diǎn)。正誤辨析正誤辨析8.8.誤誤 We will go both to Beijing and Shanghai. We will go both to Beijing and Shanghai. 正正 We will go to both Beijing and Shanghai. We will go to both Beijing and Shanghai. 析析 用用bothandbothand作連接詞時(shí)，其相連接的部分結(jié)構(gòu)也要相同。作連接詞時(shí)，其相連接的部分結(jié)構(gòu)也要相同。9.9.誤誤 Not only Mary but also her brothers is going to dance. Not only Mary but also her brothers is going to dance. 正正 Not only Mary but also her brothers are going to dance. Not only Mary but also her brothers are going to dance. 析析 由由not only but alsonot only but also連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，其重點(diǎn)在其后面的那一個(gè)主連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，其重點(diǎn)在其后面的那一個(gè)主語，所以謂語形式應(yīng)采用就近原則。語，所以謂語形式應(yīng)采用就近原則。10.10.誤誤 Tom does not swim nor play football. Tom does not swim nor play football. 正正 Tom does not swim or play football. Tom does not swim or play football. 析析 nornor主要用于連接句子的對(duì)等連詞，如在否定句中連接某一部分時(shí)要主要用于連接句子的對(duì)等連詞，如在否定句中連接某一部分時(shí)要用用or, or, 但要注意句子的含意，如：但要注意句子的含意，如：This animal does not like a cow or a horse. This animal does not like a cow or a horse. 這個(gè)動(dòng)物既不像牛也不像馬。這個(gè)動(dòng)物既不像牛也不像馬。This animal does not like a cow but a horse. This animal does not like a cow but a horse. 這這個(gè)動(dòng)物不像牛而像馬。個(gè)動(dòng)物不像牛而像馬。Choose the right verb form to complete the sentences.1. Both my brothers _ in Italy. ( lives/ live)2. Neither of his parents _ butter and cheese. (likes/ like)3. Neither John nor Mary _ at home. ( was/were)4. Both Peter and Mike often _ football match but neither of them_ football very well. (watches/watch) (plays/play)5. Either you or I _ going to cook supper tonight. (are/am)6. Either my father or my mother _ dinner. Both my brother and I _ them on weekends. (cooks/cook) (helps/help)7. All the people in my family _the housework. (does/do)livelikeswaswatchplaysamcookshelpdoFill in the blanks with “ eitherorneithernorboth(and)1.My father and my mother are _ teachers. They teach in the same school.2. _he _she can join us. We want both of them.3. The trousers are _ too short_ too long. Neither of them is the right size.4. She is _Chinese _ Japanese. She comes from Korea.5. Everyone helps parents with the housework because my parents _ work. bothEither oreither orneither norbothFill in the blanks with the proper verb forms1.Either your mother or your father _(be) a worker.2. Either they or he _(be) a student.3. Neither you nor Tom _(have) this book.4. Both your parents and your sister _(be) at home. isishasareGoodbye