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1、 代詞和連詞 第二十四講 【名題實(shí)戰(zhàn)】 1Sam and Henry play football very well.We hope _ of them can join our team.(2014，重慶) Aall Bboth Cevery Dsome 2Excuse me，may I use your bicycle？_ is broken. Certainly.But remember to return it before lunch.(2014，南京) AI BMe CMyself DMine 代詞BD 3Your English is very good.Who taught y

2、ou? _I learned it all by myself.(2014，襄陽(yáng)) ASomebody BEverybody CNobody DAnybody 4We have made _ a rule to read aloud in the morning.(2014，遂寧) Athis Bit CthatCB 5Susan，go and join your sister in cleaning the yard. Why _？John is sitting there doing nothing at all.(2014，黃岡) AI Bme Cmyself DmineB 中考對(duì)代詞考

3、查的重點(diǎn)有： 1人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法； 2it，one(s)，that，those等作替代詞的用法； 3指示代詞，疑問(wèn)代詞，反身代詞的用法； 4不定代詞的用法。尤其是all，both，either，neither，none，another，the other，some，others，the others等用法。 【考點(diǎn)梳理】 高頻考向一人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞 1人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化；人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格用作主語(yǔ)，賓格用作賓語(yǔ)，這一考點(diǎn)成為了考查代詞的主要形式之一，并且越來(lái)越受到各地的歡迎。具體變化見(jiàn)下表： 注：人稱代詞作并列主語(yǔ)的排列順序：?jiǎn)螖?shù)形式：you an

4、d I；you，he and I；復(fù)數(shù)形式：we and you；we and they；we，you and they。但承擔(dān)責(zé)任時(shí)總是第一人稱在前。及物動(dòng)詞和介詞之后的人稱代詞要用賓格，尤其要注意并列賓語(yǔ)。 2表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，有人稱和數(shù)之分。具體見(jiàn)下表： 形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，可在句中作定語(yǔ)。名詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。如： My books are on the desk.Where is yours? 我的書(shū)在桌子上，你的書(shū)在哪里？ 3反身代詞是人稱代詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式，一般用在賓語(yǔ)和主

5、語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人的情況下，或用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)某人親自怎樣。單數(shù)后加self，復(fù)數(shù)后加selves；不定代詞one也有反身代詞oneself。英語(yǔ)中用來(lái)表示“我自己”，“你自己”，“他自己”，“我們自己”，“你們自己”等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞，有人稱和數(shù)的變化。反身代詞可以在句中作賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)。 具體變化見(jiàn)下表： 反身代詞的常見(jiàn)搭配：enjoy oneself玩得高興，過(guò)得愉快hurt oneself傷著自己teach oneself learnby oneself自學(xué)(all) by oneself (完全)獨(dú)立地help oneself to請(qǐng)自便，隨便吃look after oneself自理，

6、照顧自己leave one by oneself把單獨(dú)留下lose oneself in陶醉于，沉浸于 【例1】 Jeff and I are going to Shanghai this weekend.My brother will drive _ there.(2014，綿陽(yáng)) Ait Byou Cus Dthem 解析：動(dòng)詞drive后跟人稱代詞賓格作賓語(yǔ)。由語(yǔ)境可知句意為“我哥哥將帶我們?nèi)ツ抢铩薄?答案：_C 【例2】 This is _ school bag._ is on the desk.(2014，賀州) Ayour；Mine Byours；Mine Cmy；You Dyou

7、r；My 解析：第一個(gè)空在句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾后面的名詞school bag，故用形容詞性的物主代詞；第二個(gè)空在句中作主語(yǔ)，且后面不能接名詞，故應(yīng)用名詞性物主代詞。 答案：_A 【例3】 Peter and Kate went to the dancing party last night.They enjoyed _.(2014，綏化) Amyself Bthemselves Cherself 解析：考查反身代詞。由語(yǔ)境可知句意為“他們玩得很高興”。 答案：_B 高頻考向二不定代詞 1普通不定代詞的用法 some與any some和any均表示“一些”，既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。so

8、me一般用于肯定句中，any多用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件句中。但在疑問(wèn)句中，當(dāng)表示說(shuō)話人希望得到肯定回答或表達(dá)請(qǐng)求、建議時(shí)應(yīng)用some。 many與much many修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，還可以與表示程度的副詞so，too，as，how連用。much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，也可以與表示程度的副詞so，too，as，how連用。 either與neither either指兩個(gè)人或物中的一個(gè)；neither指兩個(gè)人或物中一個(gè)也不，常構(gòu)成固定搭配either/neither of名詞/代詞的復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(第三人稱單數(shù)形式)；當(dāng)either.or.和neither.nor.連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與離它最近的主

9、語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 both與all both表示“兩者都”，常與and連用；all指“三者或三者以上都”，常與of連用。 each與every each和every都表示“每一個(gè)”。each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，當(dāng)它作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體情況；修飾名詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用單數(shù)形式。另外，each可指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物，而every只可指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物。 (a) few與(a) little (a) few和(a) little具有名詞或形容詞的性質(zhì)，在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。(a) few與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)連用；(a) little與不可數(shù)名詞連用。few和lit

10、tle表示否定，指“幾乎沒(méi)有”，在反意疑問(wèn)句中尤其要注意；a few和a little指“有一些”，相當(dāng)于some。 other，the other，others與another other作形容詞，意為“別的，其他的”，常用在單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞的前面；the other表示已知兩個(gè)人或事物中的另外一個(gè)，表示特指，常與one連用；others表示泛指，意為“其他的人或物”，常用于some.，others.結(jié)構(gòu)中；the others表示特指，意為“其他的人或物”；another表示三者或三者以上的另外一個(gè)。 2復(fù)合不定代詞的用法 在反意疑問(wèn)句中，當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是指人的復(fù)合不定代詞，如everyb

11、ody，nobody，anyone等時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)通常用代詞they；當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是指物的復(fù)合不定代詞，如everything，anything，something，nothing等時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)通常用代詞it。 當(dāng)形容詞或else修飾復(fù)合不定代詞something，everything，everyone等時(shí)，形容詞或else必須放在這些詞的后面。 everyone的意思等同于everybody，只能指人；every one既可指人也可指物，還可以和of連用。 【例4】 Your tea smells great！(2013，蘇州) Its from India.Would you

12、 like _？ Ait Bthis Csome Dlittle 解析：根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容可知，是向?qū)Ψ教峁┖鹊臇|西，并希望得到肯定回答。 答案：_C 【例5】 We need to go shopping.There is _ juice left in the fridge.(2013，鞍山) Alittle Bfew Cmany Dmuch 解析：few，many修飾可數(shù)名詞；little，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。果汁為不可數(shù)名詞，且句意為“冰箱里幾乎沒(méi)有果汁了”，表否定。 答案：_ A 【例6】I made a call to my parents yesterday，but _ of th

13、em answered it.(2014，泰安) Aeither Bnone Cneither Dnobody 解析：由句意“昨天我給父母打電話了，但是他們一個(gè)人都沒(méi)有接”可知，兩者都沒(méi)接。 答案：_C 【例7】 It snowed heavily last night.Is everyone in our class here today? Yes，and _ of us was late for school this morning.(2013，襄陽(yáng)) Anone Bneither Call Deither 解析：由句意可知“都來(lái)了，沒(méi)有一個(gè)人遲到”，表示三者或三者以上都不。 答案：_A

14、 【例8】 Is New Zealand a big country? No，New Zealand only has two islands.One is North Island，_ is South Island.(2013，涼山) Aother Bthe other Canother 解析：表示兩者中的另外一個(gè)，常用one.，the other.結(jié)構(gòu)。 答案：_B 【例9】Look！The clock has stopped.Maybe theres _ wrong with it.(2014，北京) Aeverything Bsomething Canything Dnothing

15、解析：anything一般用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，故排除C；everything一切；nothing沒(méi)有什么。由句意“看！鐘已經(jīng)停了?？赡芩幸恍┟　笨芍瑧?yīng)選something。 答案：_B 高頻考向三指示代詞 指示代詞包括：this，that，these，those。 this和these一般用來(lái)指在時(shí)間或空間上較近的事物或人，that和those則指在時(shí)間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人。有時(shí)that和those指前面講到過(guò)的事物，this和these則是指下面將要講到的事物。如： I had a cold.Thats why I didnt come. 有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)提到的名詞，常可用that

16、或those代替。如： Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai. this在電話用語(yǔ)中代表自己，that則代表對(duì)方。如：Hello！This is Mary.Is that Jack speaking? 【例10】 Hello，is that Betty speaking? Yes._.(2013，錦州) AThis is Betty BIm Betty CYou are Betty DThats Betty 解析：電話用語(yǔ)中用this is.表達(dá)“我是”。 答案：_A 高頻考向四疑問(wèn)

17、代詞、關(guān)系代詞 疑問(wèn)代詞有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑問(wèn)代詞用于特殊疑問(wèn)句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作為某一句子成分。如： Who is going to come here tomorrow？(作主語(yǔ)) What is that？(作表語(yǔ)) Whose umbrella is this？(作定語(yǔ)) Whom are you waiting for？(作賓語(yǔ)) 疑問(wèn)代詞與關(guān)系代詞 疑問(wèn)代詞通常位于句首，引出特殊疑問(wèn)句。 關(guān)系代詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，或定語(yǔ)從句。what不能用在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞，但that可用在定語(yǔ)從句中作關(guān)系代詞。賓語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞與疑問(wèn)代

18、詞一致。 無(wú)論是疑問(wèn)代詞還是關(guān)系代詞，which和what所指范圍不同。what所指的范圍是無(wú)限的，而which則指在一定范圍內(nèi)。如： Which books do you like best？你最喜歡哪幾本書(shū)？ What books do you like best？你最喜歡什么樣的書(shū)？ whom是who的賓格，在口語(yǔ)中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，也可用who代替，但在介詞后只能用whom。如： Who(m) did you meet on the street？你在街上遇到誰(shuí)了？ For whom are you waiting？你在等誰(shuí)？冠詞 【例11】I really like the photo of

19、 my family _ my sister took in the city park last year.(2014，紹興) Awhich Bwho Cwhat Dwhom 解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞the photo指物，且在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)該用which。 答案：_A 【例12】 _ is that man over there? Hes my uncle.(2013，南充) AWhat BWho CWhose 解析：詢問(wèn)人且在句中作主語(yǔ)。 答案：_B 一、單項(xiàng)選擇。 1Aunt Tina will visit us soon._ is arriving tomorrow morni

20、ng.(2014，重慶) AHe BShe CHis DHer 2My sister is old enough to dress _ now.(2014，長(zhǎng)沙) Ahimself Bherself CmyselfBB 3Alice has a red pen，and the blue one is _，too.(2014，成都) Ahis Bher Chers 4When shall we swimming，this Friday or Saturday? _ is OK.Ill be free next week.(2014，哈爾濱) ABoth BEither CNeitherCC 5B

21、ill thought _ necessary to work with friends and share different ideas.(2014，蘭州) Ait Bthey Cthem Dhim 6Ill do the washingup.Jack，would you please do the floors？(2014，蘇州) Why _？Susan is sitting there doing nothing. Aher Bshe CI DmeAD 7Betty and Kitty are twin sisters._ mother often dress them in colo

22、rful clothes.(2014，吉林) AThey BTheir CTheirs 8Our mother earth gives us _ we need in our daily life.(2014，臨沂) Anobody Bnothing Ceverybody DeverythingBD 9You can take _ of the two toy cars and leave the other for your brother.(2014，安徽) Aboth Bnone Ceither Dneither 10At present，children mean _ to most

23、parents in China.(2014，河南) Aeverything Bnothing Canything DsomethingCA 11Everyone knows Canada is the second largest country in the world. That is，it is larger than _ country in Asia.(2014，黃岡) Aany Bany other Cother DanotherB 12Is your friend Michael still in Australia? I dont know.I have _ informat

24、ion about him because we havent seen each other for _ years.(2014，隨州) Aa little；a few Blittle；a few Ca few；a little Dfew；a little 13Which is your new neighbour，Liu Hua? The man _ Tshirt is red.(2014，泰安) Athat Bwho Cwhich DwhoseBD 二、根據(jù)句意及提示完成單詞。 14Lucy often learns French by _(自己) after school.(2014，

25、黔西南) 15Although _(兩者都不) of her parents had gone to college，she was really good at studying.(2014，白銀) 16May I use your mobile phone？_(我的) is at home.(2013，濱州)herselfneitherMine 17Boys and girls，did you enjoy _(你們自己) during the vacation？(2013，南充) 18His toy is on the bed and _(她的) is on the desk.(2013，

26、揚(yáng)州) 19This shirt doesnt fit me well.Can you show me _(另一個(gè)) one？(2013，牡丹江)yourselveshersanother 20I dont know whether the dream can come true，but I will try _(I) best.(2014，云南) 21Kids，help _(you) to some fruit，its good for your health.(2014，揚(yáng)州) 22I could hardly believe she had made a video about wate

27、r pollution by _(her)(2013，上海)myyourselvesherself 【名題實(shí)戰(zhàn)】 1I really enjoy Chinese food! Me，too.My mouth was watering _ I watched the TV program A Bite of China.(2014，湖州) AwhenBbefore CsinceDafter連詞A 2Your dream will come true _ you put your heart and soul into it.(2014，泰安) Aif Bunless Calthough DUnti

28、l 3Which of the two magazines will you take? Ill take _ though I find _ of them are very useful to me.(2014，黃岡) Aall；both Beither；either Ceither；neither Deither；bothAD 4Diana isnt here，_ leave a message on her desk.(2014，河北) Aor Bso Cand Dbut 5You cant improve your spoken English _ you practice it e

29、very day from now on.(2014，襄陽(yáng)) Aas soon as Bunless Cif DsinceBB 【考點(diǎn)梳理】 中考對(duì)連詞的考查內(nèi)容主要是連詞的基本用法和一些常見(jiàn)近義連詞的辨析，大多數(shù)情況下是將連詞放在并列句和復(fù)合句中。 高頻考向一并列連詞 表示平行或承接關(guān)系的：and，both.and.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.，as well as等；表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的：but，yet，while，however等；表示選擇關(guān)系的：or，either.or.，not.but.；表示因果關(guān)系的：for，so等。 both.and.連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂

30、語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；neither.nor.，not only.but also.，either.or.連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循“就近原則”；as well as連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù) 上 保 持 一 致 。 s o 與 b e c a u s e ， b u t 與although/though不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子中，二者只能選其一；and用于肯定句中，or用于否定句或選擇疑問(wèn)句中。 【例1】 The train was late，_ we had to wait for half an hour.(2013，錦州) Abecause Bor Cso Dbut 解析：“不

31、得不等半個(gè)小時(shí)”是“火車晚點(diǎn)”的結(jié)果。 答案：_C 【例2】Dont run in the classroom，_ you may hurt yourself.(2014，陜西) Aand Bor Cbut Dso 解析：由語(yǔ)境可知句意為“不要在教室里跑，否則你可能會(huì)傷到你自己?！?答案：_B 【例3】How do you like the two pairs of shorts? They didnt fit me well.They are _ too long _ too short.(2014，濱州) Anot only；but also Bboth；and Cneither；nor

32、Deither；or 解析：由答句前半句推知后半句句意為“他們不是太長(zhǎng)就是太短”。not only.but also不但而且；both.and.兩者都；neither.nor.既不也不；either.or.不是就是。 答案：_ D D 高頻考向二從屬連詞 從屬連詞是指用于連接各種從句的連詞。 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句)的從屬連詞有that，whether，if (是否)，as if；連接代詞有who，whom，whose，which，what等；連接副詞有when，where，how，why等。 引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：when，whi

33、le，as，until/till，as soon as，before，after等。 特別提示：while與as只能和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用；若as soon as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)。 引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有so，so that，in order that，in case等。 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：because，as，for，since等。 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：so.that，such.that等，so修飾adj.或adv.。such修飾名詞，當(dāng)名詞前面有many，much，few或little修飾時(shí)，應(yīng)用so。 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞

34、有：although，though，however(no matter how)，even if/though等。 引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：as，than，as.as，not so/as.as等。 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：if，unless，as/so long as等。 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：where，wherever。 【例4】Youd better make a good plan _ you take a holiday.(2013，萊蕪) Abefore Bduring Cuntil Dafter 解析：由語(yǔ)境可知句意為“在你度假之前最好制定一個(gè)好的計(jì)劃”。before“在

35、之前”；during“在期間”；until“直到為止”；after“在之后”。 答案：_A 【例5】Talk to your teacher and you will get help _ you have a problem.(2014，臨沂) Aunless Bif Cuntil Dso 解析：由語(yǔ)境可知句意為“如果你有問(wèn)題，就去和你的老師說(shuō)，你將會(huì)獲得幫助”。故應(yīng)用if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。 答案：_B 【例6】 May I go to the movies with you? Im afraid not _ you have a ticket.Because I have only on

36、e.(2014，益陽(yáng)) Aif Bunless Cthough 解析：由答語(yǔ)后半句“我只有一張票”可推知前句 應(yīng) 為 “ 我 恐 怕 ， 你 不 能 ， 除 非 你 有 一 張票?！眎f“如果”；unless“除非”；though“盡管；雖然” 答案：_B 【例7】Her grandfather lives a simple life _ he has much money.(2014，孝感) Abecause Bso Cthough Dif 解析：由前半句“他的爺爺過(guò)著簡(jiǎn)樸的生活”和后半句“他有很多錢”可知，前后在語(yǔ)意上存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故此處應(yīng)用though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 答案：_C 【

37、例8】 Tony never spends money on buying books _ he doesnt like reading.(2013，賀州) Abut Bbecause Cthough Duntil 解析：but“但是”；because“因?yàn)椤?；though“盡管，雖然”；until“直到”。由前句的意思可知，后面是原因。 答案：_B 一、單項(xiàng)選擇。 1_ I am in trouble，my classmates will help me out.(2014，成都) ABefore BWhenever CAlthoughB 2Tim，how do your parents l

38、ike pop music? _ my dad _ my mom likes it.They both prefer classical music.(2014，福州) AEither；or BNeither；nor CNot only；but alsoB 3We are leaving tomorrow.We will be away _ next Friday.(2014，威海) Afrom Buntil Con Dsince 4Laura opened the door and rushed into the rain _ I could stop her.(2014，濟(jì)寧) Aunti

39、l Bafter Cbefore DunlessBC 5Read this article，_ you will understand that not everything can be bought with money.(2014，蘇州) Aor Band Cbut DSo 6_ jeans were invented over 100 years ago，theyre in fashion today.(2014，江西) ABecause BIf CAlthough DSinceBC 7I can hardly believe my eyes.Is that you，Lucy? Yes

40、.It has been almost 20 years _ we were together.(2014，黃岡) Asince Bbefore Cafter DuntilB 8Will you please give this message to Helen? Sure.Ill give it to her _ she arrives here.(2014，赤峰) Auntil Balthough Cbefore Das soon asD 9Shall we go for a picnic in the forest park tomorrow? Yes，_ it rains heavil

41、y.(2014，廣東) Aif Bunless Cuntil DwhenB 10We will certainly enter a good high school _ we work hard. Yes.Our dream will come true by working hard.(2014，鄂州) Aas soon as Bas long as Cas far as Deven ifB 11The little boy is _ lovely _ everyone likes him.(2014，巴中) Asuch；that Btoo；to Cso；that 12How do you

42、like the popular documentary “A Bite of China (舌尖上的中國(guó))”？ Excellent！You wont realize how wonderful our Chinese food is _ you watch it.(2014，荊州) Awhen Bas Cafter DuntilCD 二、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞(含縮略形式)。 13Mr.Wang does well in English.He does well in French，too. Mr.Wang does well in _English _French. 14It was suc

43、h a hot day that we went swimming. It was _that we went swimming. 15I went to bed after I finished washing the clothes. I _go to bed _I finished washing the clothes.bothandso hotdidntbefore/until 16If you are not quick，you will be late for school. Be quick，_you will be late for school. 17If he studies hard，he will pass the exam. _he studies hard，he will not pass the exam.orUnless 18Id like to go shopping with my mother this afternoon，so I finished my homework early. I finished my homework early _I can go shopping with my mother this afternoon. so that