第24講代詞和連詞代詞代詞是指代名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)的詞，多具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的代詞可分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞，指示代詞、反身代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、關(guān)系代詞及不定代詞等。中考關(guān)于代詞的考點(diǎn)有：1人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法；2it，one(s)，that，those等作替代詞的用法；3不定代詞的用法；4指示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞和反身代詞的用法。高頻考向一人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞1人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化；人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格用作主語(yǔ)，賓格用作賓語(yǔ)，這一考點(diǎn)成為了考查代詞的主要形式之一，并且越來(lái)越受到各地的歡迎。具體變化見(jiàn)下表：【注意】人稱代詞作并列主語(yǔ)的排列順序：?jiǎn)螖?shù)形式：you and I；you，he and I；復(fù)數(shù)形式：we and you；we and they；we，you and they。承擔(dān)責(zé)任時(shí)總是第一人稱在前。人稱代詞it的特殊用法：指代不清楚性別的人，如：Who is that at the door? 誰(shuí)在門口？Its me. 是我。指代時(shí)間天氣、距離等，如：Its cloudy today. 今天多云。Its eight now. 現(xiàn)在八點(diǎn)。作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)。如：Its hard to climb that tree.爬上樹(shù)很難。I found it easy to learn English well. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很簡(jiǎn)單。2表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，有人稱和數(shù)之分。具體見(jiàn)下表：形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，可在句中作定語(yǔ)。名詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。如：My books are on the desk.Where are yours？我的書(shū)在桌子上，你的書(shū)在哪里？3反身代詞是人稱代詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式，一般用在賓語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人的情況下，或用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)某人親自怎樣。單數(shù)后加self，復(fù)數(shù)后加selves；不定代詞one也有反身代詞oneself。英語(yǔ)中用來(lái)表示“我自己”、“你自己”、“他自己”、“我們自己”、“你們自己”等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞，有人稱和數(shù)的變化。反身代詞可以在句中作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)。具體變化見(jiàn)下表：反身代詞的常見(jiàn)搭配：enjoy oneself玩得高興，過(guò)得愉快hurt oneself傷著自己teach oneself learn.by oneself自學(xué)(all) by oneself (完全)獨(dú)立地help oneself to請(qǐng)自便，隨便吃look after oneself自理，照顧自己leave one by oneself把單獨(dú)留下lose oneself in陶醉于，沉浸于高頻考向二不定代詞不定代詞是不指明代替在何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞。不定代詞大多代替名詞和形容詞，在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。1普通不定代詞的用法肯定性both; all; some; each; every; a little； a few否定性neither; none; any; no one; little; fewsome與any復(fù)合不定代詞中，nothing與nobody表否定意義。由some和 any構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，其區(qū)別與some 和 any的區(qū)別基本相同。復(fù)合不定代詞只能作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，不能作定語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。當(dāng)形容詞或else修飾復(fù)合不定代詞something，everything，everyone等時(shí)，形容詞或else必須放在這些詞的后面。everyone的意思等同于everybody，只能指人；every one既可指人也可指物，還可以和of連用。高頻考向三指示代詞指示代詞是表示指示概念的代詞，在句子中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的指示代詞包括：this，that，these，those。this和these一般用來(lái)指在時(shí)間或空間上較近的事物或人，that和those則指在時(shí)間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人。有時(shí)that和those指前面提到過(guò)的事物，this和these則是指下面將要講到的事物。如：I had a cold.Thats why I didnt come.我受涼了，那就是為什么我沒(méi)有來(lái)（的原因）。 this在電話用語(yǔ)中代表自己，that則代表對(duì)方。如：Hello！This is Mary.Is that Jack speaking？你好！我是瑪麗。你是杰克嗎？為了避免重復(fù)，可以用it, one(s)或that 代替上文出現(xiàn)的名詞。但三者在用法上有區(qū)別：it特指上下文提到的對(duì)象是同一事物one(s)泛指下文提及的同類事物中的一個(gè)(些)，同類但不是同一個(gè)(些)that常用于代替前面提到過(guò)的名詞，以避免重復(fù)The book is so interesting. Where did you buy it? I want to buy one.這本書(shū)真有趣。你在哪里買的它？我想買一本。The weather in Zhejiang is warmer than that in Beijing.浙江的天氣比北京的(天氣)溫暖。高頻考向四疑問(wèn)代詞、關(guān)系代詞疑問(wèn)代詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)特殊疑問(wèn)句，包括who，whom，whose，what和which等。一般都放在句首，并在句子中作為某一句子成分。如：疑問(wèn)代詞意義基本用法who誰(shuí)作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)whom誰(shuí)作賓語(yǔ)(who的賓格)whose誰(shuí)的作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)(who的所有格)what什么作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)which哪個(gè)作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)Who is going to come here tomorrow？明天誰(shuí)會(huì)來(lái)？(作主語(yǔ))What is that？那是什么？(作表語(yǔ))Whose umbrella is this？這是誰(shuí)的傘？(作定語(yǔ))Whom are you waiting for？你在等誰(shuí)？(作賓語(yǔ))Which team will win？哪支隊(duì)會(huì)贏？(作主語(yǔ))【注意】無(wú)論是疑問(wèn)代詞還是關(guān)系代詞，which和what所指范圍不同。what所指的范圍是無(wú)限的，而which則指在一定范圍內(nèi)。如：Which books do you like best？你最喜歡哪幾本書(shū)？What books do you like best？你最喜歡什么樣的書(shū)？whom是who的賓格，在口語(yǔ)中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，也可用who代替，但在介詞后只能用whom。如：Who(m) did you meet on the street？你在街上遇到誰(shuí)了？For whom are you waiting？你在等誰(shuí)？一、根據(jù)句意及提示補(bǔ)全單詞。1My uncle has taught _(自己) French since the year before last.2May I use your mobile phone? _(我的) is at home.3Our school is as beautiful as _(他們的)4 (她的) coming will add to our pleasure.5My parents are doctors. They b _work in the same hospital.二、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。(原創(chuàng))6These magazines are _(me), not yours.7I dont know whether the dream can come true, but I will try _(I) best.8Kids, help (you) to some fruit. Its good for your health.9Oh, dear! My iPhone doesnt work. Would you please lend me _(you)?10Who helped Jane with her English?_(somebody). She taught herself.himselfMinetheirsHerothminemyyoursNobody連詞連詞是連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子的詞。連詞分為并列連詞和從屬連詞。中考關(guān)于連詞的考點(diǎn)有：1并列連詞and, but, so, or等的主要用法；2常見(jiàn)的從屬連詞的基本用法。高頻考向一并列連詞并列連詞是用于連接并列單詞、短語(yǔ)或句子的連詞。1表示平行或承接關(guān)系的：and，both.and.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.，as well as等；2表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的：but，yet，while，however等；3表示選擇關(guān)系的：or，either.or.，not.but.；Im a teacher and Mary is a nurse.我是名教師，瑪麗是名護(hù)士。The runner is an old man, but he wins the race.那名賽跑者是一名老人，但他卻贏得了比賽。Would you like some tea or water？你要茶還是水？Either you or I am wrong.不是你錯(cuò)了就是我錯(cuò)了?！咀⒁狻縝oth.and.連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；neither.nor.，not only.but also.，either.or.連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循“就近原則”；and與or表示“和”時(shí)，and用于肯定句，or用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。高頻考向二從屬連詞從屬連詞是指用于連接各種從句的連詞。1引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的從屬連詞名詞性從句包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句一般的從屬連詞有that，whether，if (是否)，as if；連接代詞有who，whom，whose，which，what等；連接副詞有when，where，how，why等。2引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有when，while，as，until/till，as soon as，before，after等?！咀⒁狻縲hile與as只能和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用；若as soon as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)。引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有so，so that，in order that，in case等。引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有because，as，for，since等。引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有so.that，such.that等，so修飾形容詞或副詞；such修飾名詞，當(dāng)名詞前面有many，much，few或little修飾時(shí)，應(yīng)用so。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有although，though，however(no matter how)，even if/though等。引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有as，than，as.as，not so/as.as等。引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有if，unless，as/so long as等。引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有where，wherever?！咀⒁狻縮o與because，but與although/though不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子中，二者只能選其一；and用于肯定句中，or用于否定句或選擇疑問(wèn)句中。一、用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞或連詞短語(yǔ)填空。1Practice more, _ you will do better in playing the guitar.2She was _ sad _ she didnt want to talk with anybody.3The old tree has been in front of my house _ I was born.4You are never _ young _ start doing things.5_ you cant come to the party, youd better tell us by this evening.6You cannot make progress _you spend more time practising.7Do you know _they will come back tomorrow?Yes. Im sure they will come back tomorrow.8Would you like to watch the football match with me tonight?Im afraid I cant _I have lots of work to do.9Some people like this way of life _I dont.10What do you think of her dress?It still looks quite fashionable on her _it is a style of many years ago.andsothatsincetootoIfunlessif/whetherbecausewhilealthough