專(zhuān)題三專(zhuān)題三 讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)一. 讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)基本寫(xiě)作模板標(biāo)題標(biāo)題第一段第一段: 概括所給短文內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)約30字第二段第二段: 渡詞引出主題句-自己的觀點(diǎn)-理由約100字第三段第三段: 總結(jié)句約20字二二 具體寫(xiě)作方法具體寫(xiě)作方法標(biāo)題標(biāo)題 標(biāo)題是段落中心思想的精練表達(dá)形式。根據(jù)所寫(xiě)短文的內(nèi)容，概括出中心思想然后加以提煉，擬定標(biāo)題； Is time more valuable than money On Smoking How to make friends Happiness Is watching TV a good thing? My view of money / time / pollution My attitude toward building a car factory第一段第一段： 概括所給短文內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)注意利用原文中所給的語(yǔ)言材料，用自己的話來(lái)寫(xiě)；概括后的文章意思要通順，行文要連貫。 寫(xiě)作具體方法和要求:1. 巧妙利用主題和寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)，預(yù)測(cè)材料內(nèi)容。 讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)先讀后寫(xiě)。那么“讀”的材料肯定是與要“寫(xiě)”的材料話題是相同的，至少是相關(guān)的。因此，我們可以利用這一關(guān)系來(lái)進(jìn)行有效的預(yù)測(cè)。比如： 有一道題的主題是“如何保護(hù)我國(guó)文化遺產(chǎn)”， 要點(diǎn)包括： 1）你如何看待我國(guó)的文化遺產(chǎn)遭到破壞的現(xiàn)象。 2）保護(hù)文化遺產(chǎn)有何意義？ 3）我們?cè)撊绾伪Ｗo(hù)我國(guó)的文化遺產(chǎn)？ 那么，我們可以根據(jù)這個(gè)主題進(jìn)行什么預(yù)測(cè)呢？1）閱讀材料是說(shuō)明文了什么現(xiàn)象？2）現(xiàn)象的原因是什么？3）我們應(yīng)該怎樣解決？ 再比如湛江二模的作文話題：“ Stars and False Advertisements”內(nèi)容包括： 1）對(duì)明星代言虛假?gòu)V告是否應(yīng)該為此負(fù)責(zé)的看法，并舉例說(shuō)明。 2）作為消費(fèi)者應(yīng)如何避免購(gòu)買(mǎi)明星代言的虛假產(chǎn)品。 我們又應(yīng)該怎么預(yù)測(cè)材料呢？明星代言虛假?gòu)V告 新聞事件：5W2.分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)，確定文體。 首先我們要熟悉各種問(wèn)題 記敘文：5W(who/when/where/what/why/how) 議論文：opinion/idea + argument (supporting ideas/reasons) 說(shuō)明文：phenomenon/problem + reason + solution (cause + effect) introduce of a object ( how it is made, how it is used, how it may changed, what make it new or significant.)新聞：focus on the first paragraph, and the first sentence and last sentence of other paragraphs.3.劃出關(guān)鍵詞和句子。 注意首段和尾句 4.靈活變化表達(dá)，適度進(jìn)行改寫(xiě)。( in your own words) (1)同義替換。即用同義或近義的詞語(yǔ)或句型改寫(xiě)。 (2)語(yǔ)態(tài)互換。即主語(yǔ)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。 (3)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)與從句的互換。 (4)合并句子。就是將幾個(gè)意義聯(lián)系緊密的句子合并為一句話。5. 削“枝”去“葉”，實(shí)行精“兵”裁“員”。 由于字?jǐn)?shù)有限制，所以在寫(xiě)summary時(shí)還應(yīng)采取一些必要的手段來(lái)進(jìn)行精“兵”裁“員”,減少字?jǐn)?shù)。慣常采用的方法有： (1)主謂縮寫(xiě)主謂縮寫(xiě)。如they will theyll; we are were; should not shouldnt; can not cant等。 (2)句式省略句式省略。如When he crossed the road=when crossing the road. If theyre corrected too much=if corrected too much. (3)使用代詞或含有替代含義的詞使用代詞或含有替代含義的詞。如有學(xué)生這樣寫(xiě)：Once a king wanted to cover the road with leather to protect his feet. A servant advised the king not to cover the road and just make a pair of shoes for himself. Finally the king agreed and made shoes for himself. 這時(shí)，我們可以利用代詞將其改寫(xiě)如下：Once a king wanted to cover the road with leather to protect his feet, but he was persuaded not to do so. Instead, he made a pair of shoes to achieve the same goal.6概括要做到開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，要抓住要點(diǎn), 語(yǔ)言精練 例如：Patterns 1 The passage mainly tells us that 2 From the passage, we know that 3 According to the passage, we know that 4 Through the story/his experience +about sth/that clause, the writer 5. By recalling/mentioning +that clause, the writer/author 6. The passage tells us about sth which/that 7. This article is mainly about8. The writer states that9. As can be learn ，this passage10. As the passage says that 第二段：第二段：過(guò)渡詞引出主題句過(guò)渡詞引出主題句-自己的觀點(diǎn)自己的觀點(diǎn)-理由理由。 第二段的開(kāi)頭用語(yǔ)： I do agree with the author In some way, I agree with , but This opinion sounds right but is hardly practical. It is definitely not like that. As a matter of fact, From my personal angle alone In my opinion, From my personal point of view As far as Im concerned It reminds me of I also experience such a before. When I As to me 第三段最后一段:簡(jiǎn)明扼要地作出結(jié)論 總結(jié)句開(kāi)頭用語(yǔ)： In conclusion, In short, To make a long story short, In general, In a word, In belief, On the whole, All in all, To sum up , In brief,三.復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)： 1 熟練掌握簡(jiǎn)單句是五種基本句型 2 學(xué)會(huì)使用從句 3 合理使用復(fù)雜句型 4 適度使用高級(jí)詞匯 5使用過(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ)，使文章更連貫。 6 時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)的準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用四 舉例分析以湛江二模為例概括：劃出關(guān)鍵詞和句子（注意第一段和劃出關(guān)鍵詞和句子（注意第一段和其他段首尾句其他段首尾句-省略細(xì)節(jié)，變化句式（即省略細(xì)節(jié)，變化句式（即補(bǔ)充補(bǔ)充5W的內(nèi)容）的內(nèi)容）According to the passage, a woman charged Carina Lau, a Hong Kong star, with shooting for an advertisement of SK-II, because the effect of the products she represented was exaggerated.第二段：第二段：對(duì)明星代言虛假?gòu)V告是否應(yīng)該為此負(fù)責(zé)的對(duì)明星代言虛假?gòu)V告是否應(yīng)該為此負(fù)責(zé)的看法，并舉例說(shuō)明?？捶?，并舉例說(shuō)明。 認(rèn)為應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)的表達(dá)認(rèn)為應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)的表達(dá)：自己的觀點(diǎn)自己的觀點(diǎn)-理由理由 As far as I am concerned, the stars should be responsible. most people buy the product because the star is famous. Its irresponsible if the star doesnt know about the product he or she represents but recommends it to the consumers. The Advertising Law in USA shows that the star must be the user of the product or the advertising will be a false one.認(rèn)為不應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)的表達(dá)：觀點(diǎn)-理由 From my personal angle alone ,the stars have no responsibility in law. If the products have some problems, its the responsibility of the manufacturer and the seller. It shouldnt be related to the star. They have no ability to know if the product is good or bad. The SanLu powdered milk has got the National Quality Inspection. A product like it, how should the star decide on whether he or she should represent it or not? 第三段 As a customer, we should be more careful when choosing products. We shouldnt buy products sightless just because its the product that is represented by stars.