模塊模塊 3 3完形填空第二節(jié)完形填空第二節(jié) 考綱解讀模塊模塊 3 3 考綱解讀考綱解讀 “ “湖南高考說(shuō)明湖南高考說(shuō)明”就此節(jié)的措辭是：就此節(jié)的措辭是：“本節(jié)要求考生本節(jié)要求考生根據(jù)上下文，在每個(gè)空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。短文補(bǔ)根據(jù)上下文，在每個(gè)空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。短文補(bǔ)足后，要求意思通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。本節(jié)側(cè)重考足后，要求意思通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。本節(jié)側(cè)重考查考生的語(yǔ)感以及語(yǔ)言的銜接、連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)等語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)查考生的語(yǔ)感以及語(yǔ)言的銜接、連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)等語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用的能力。用的能力。”分析此措辭可以得知：分析此措辭可以得知： 1 1從考查的內(nèi)容看，從考查的內(nèi)容看， 除考查詞匯外，除考查詞匯外， 還考查功能還考查功能語(yǔ)法，即側(cè)重于考查英語(yǔ)詞匯在篇章中的交際功能。從而語(yǔ)法，即側(cè)重于考查英語(yǔ)詞匯在篇章中的交際功能。從而要求考生具有一定的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力。具體地說(shuō)，要求考生具有一定的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力。具體地說(shuō)，要求考生具備：要求考生具備：模塊模塊 3 3 考綱解讀考綱解讀 (1)(1)閱讀與理解語(yǔ)篇的能力。閱讀與理解語(yǔ)篇的能力。 (2) (2)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。學(xué)生應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)正確分析句分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。學(xué)生應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)正確分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，能抓住句子主干的同時(shí)，還要能區(qū)分主從句的子結(jié)構(gòu)，能抓住句子主干的同時(shí)，還要能區(qū)分主從句的層次。層次。 (3) (3)熟練運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法的能力。熟練運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法的能力。 2 2從題型的形式看，從題型的形式看， 只給出空缺，只給出空缺， 沒(méi)有選項(xiàng)，沒(méi)有選項(xiàng)， 要求學(xué)生根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和自身已有的語(yǔ)法與詞匯知識(shí)來(lái)填空，要求學(xué)生根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和自身已有的語(yǔ)法與詞匯知識(shí)來(lái)填空， 這對(duì)學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的提取和運(yùn)用提出了更高的要求。這對(duì)學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的提取和運(yùn)用提出了更高的要求。 命題分析模塊模塊 3 3 命題分析命題分析 命題特點(diǎn)命題特點(diǎn) 完形填空第二節(jié)為語(yǔ)篇填空題，要求閱讀一篇完形填空第二節(jié)為語(yǔ)篇填空題，要求閱讀一篇150240150240詞詞的小短文，根據(jù)上下文在不給出任何提示的前提下填入適當(dāng)?shù)牡男《涛?，根?jù)上下文在不給出任何提示的前提下填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。短文體裁靈活多樣，有記敘文、議論文、說(shuō)明文和應(yīng)用單詞。短文體裁靈活多樣，有記敘文、議論文、說(shuō)明文和應(yīng)用文等。其考查內(nèi)容非常廣泛，主要考查點(diǎn)為：文等。其考查內(nèi)容非常廣泛，主要考查點(diǎn)為：(1)(1)考查學(xué)生對(duì)考查學(xué)生對(duì)語(yǔ)篇和邏輯關(guān)系的把握情況，主要是形容詞、副詞、連詞、冠語(yǔ)篇和邏輯關(guān)系的把握情況，主要是形容詞、副詞、連詞、冠詞、代詞、介詞等功能詞匯；詞、代詞、介詞等功能詞匯；(2)(2)考查學(xué)生對(duì)習(xí)語(yǔ)、短語(yǔ)詞組考查學(xué)生對(duì)習(xí)語(yǔ)、短語(yǔ)詞組或常見(jiàn)句式掌握的熟練程度。原文通常只給出習(xí)語(yǔ)、句式或短或常見(jiàn)句式掌握的熟練程度。原文通常只給出習(xí)語(yǔ)、句式或短語(yǔ)的一部分，檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生在句子中能否識(shí)別出這個(gè)短語(yǔ)、句式或語(yǔ)的一部分，檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生在句子中能否識(shí)別出這個(gè)短語(yǔ)、句式或習(xí)語(yǔ)；習(xí)語(yǔ)；(3)(3)考查學(xué)生對(duì)詞義的推斷能力和常識(shí)判斷能力。這方考查學(xué)生對(duì)詞義的推斷能力和常識(shí)判斷能力。這方面主要涉及實(shí)詞，如名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等。要求通過(guò)面主要涉及實(shí)詞，如名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等。要求通過(guò)分析上下文語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷語(yǔ)意和詞匯形式?？偟膩?lái)說(shuō)，此題考查分析上下文語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷語(yǔ)意和詞匯形式?？偟膩?lái)說(shuō)，此題考查偏重虛詞偏重虛詞( (以介詞、冠詞、連詞為主以介詞、冠詞、連詞為主) )，而輕實(shí)詞。，而輕實(shí)詞。應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛模塊模塊 3 3 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 在做完形填空第二節(jié)的時(shí)候，在做完形填空第二節(jié)的時(shí)候， 學(xué)生不但應(yīng)該通篇考學(xué)生不但應(yīng)該通篇考慮，慮， 掌握文章的內(nèi)容和主題，掌握文章的內(nèi)容和主題， 而且還應(yīng)該合理地運(yùn)用而且還應(yīng)該合理地運(yùn)用已學(xué)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)得出正確的結(jié)論?？偟膩?lái)說(shuō)，解答策略已學(xué)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)得出正確的結(jié)論?？偟膩?lái)說(shuō)，解答策略有有“四法四法”，即：，即： 一、章法一、章法 模塊模塊 3 3 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 指根據(jù)短文的不同文體來(lái)理解文章大概意思，為進(jìn)一指根據(jù)短文的不同文體來(lái)理解文章大概意思，為進(jìn)一步確定用詞掃清閱讀障礙。如議論文有論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證；步確定用詞掃清閱讀障礙。如議論文有論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證；記敘文要抓住時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物和事件發(fā)生的順序等。當(dāng)記敘文要抓住時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物和事件發(fā)生的順序等。當(dāng)然章法也涉及詞的用法，如說(shuō)明文常使用然章法也涉及詞的用法，如說(shuō)明文常使用firstlyfirstly，secondlysecondly，thirdlythirdly等表示舉例的詞匯；記敘文常有等表示舉例的詞匯；記敘文常有whenwhen，whowho，wherewhere，howhow，whywhy。不同的文體有不同的行文風(fēng)格和。不同的文體有不同的行文風(fēng)格和表達(dá)方式，這就是章法特征。表達(dá)方式，這就是章法特征。模塊模塊 3 3 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 二、句法二、句法 指從句子結(jié)構(gòu)的角度來(lái)確定填空思路。例如：指從句子結(jié)構(gòu)的角度來(lái)確定填空思路。例如：Humans Humans are responsible for causing changes in the are responsible for causing changes in the environment _ hurt animals and species. environment _ hurt animals and species. 分分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知該空引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知該空引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾changeschanges，且在從，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，由此可推斷此處填句中作主語(yǔ)，由此可推斷此處填whichwhich或或thatthat。 三、詞法三、詞法 是從詞性的角度來(lái)分析詞語(yǔ)與詞語(yǔ)、詞語(yǔ)與句子成分是從詞性的角度來(lái)分析詞語(yǔ)與詞語(yǔ)、詞語(yǔ)與句子成分的關(guān)聯(lián)性，從而確定填空思路的一種方法。的關(guān)聯(lián)性，從而確定填空思路的一種方法。模塊模塊 3 3 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 四、慣用法四、慣用法 是從詞語(yǔ)搭配的角度來(lái)決定答案。例如：是從詞語(yǔ)搭配的角度來(lái)決定答案。例如：More and More and more people have begun to realize the effect of more people have begun to realize the effect of global warm _ the environment. global warm _ the environment. 根據(jù)固定搭根據(jù)固定搭配配“have an effect on sth”have an effect on sth”可判斷該空填可判斷該空填onon。 為了提高答題的準(zhǔn)確率，在運(yùn)用以上為了提高答題的準(zhǔn)確率，在運(yùn)用以上“四法四法”的過(guò)的過(guò)程中，具體要注意如下幾點(diǎn)：程中，具體要注意如下幾點(diǎn)：模塊模塊 3 3 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 1 1根據(jù)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)進(jìn)行填充根據(jù)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)進(jìn)行填充 【典例典例1 1】 There once were a goat and a There once were a goat and a donkeydonkeySo the farmer killed _ goat and So the farmer killed _ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart. gave the donkey medicine made from its heart. 【解析解析】 該空后的該空后的goatgoat在文中第二次提到，特指在文中第二次提到，特指上文提到的上文提到的goatgoat，故該空填定冠詞，故該空填定冠詞thethe。 【典例典例2 2】 But nothing changed until midterm, But nothing changed until midterm, _ Mary Anne, a student teacher, was _ Mary Anne, a student teacher, was appointed to our class.appointed to our class. 【解析解析】 該空填該空填whenwhen引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾midtermmidterm。模塊模塊 3 3 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 【典例典例3 3】 In short, I believe that it is In short, I believe that it is _ great use to keep a diary in English_ great use to keep a diary in English 【解析解析】 根據(jù)慣用搭配根據(jù)慣用搭配“be of be of 抽象名詞抽象名詞”可判斷可判斷該空填該空填ofof。 【典例典例4 4】 One of the _ gift choices I One of the _ gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher, ever made was for my high school English teacher, which made him very unhappy.which made him very unhappy.模塊模塊 3 3 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 【解析解析】 該空根據(jù)該空根據(jù)“which made him very unhappy”which made him very unhappy”可推斷此處應(yīng)指不好的禮物，但不宜填可推斷此處應(yīng)指不好的禮物，但不宜填badbad，而應(yīng)根據(jù)，而應(yīng)根據(jù)“I I ever made”ever made”判斷填其最高級(jí)判斷填其最高級(jí)worstworst。 【典例典例5 5】 animals and plants are disappearing animals and plants are disappearing many times faster _ they have in the past 65 many times faster _ they have in the past 65 million years. million years. 【解析解析】 根據(jù)比較級(jí)的構(gòu)成可知該空填根據(jù)比較級(jí)的構(gòu)成可知該空填thanthan。模塊模塊 3 3 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 2 2根據(jù)前后邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行填充根據(jù)前后邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行填充 【典例典例1 1】 _ there was no man to see any _ there was no man to see any of the flights, we can be told by the animals of the flights, we can be told by the animals footprints that fight did take place.footprints that fight did take place. 【解析解析】 根據(jù)前后句的讓步轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，判斷該空填根據(jù)前后句的讓步轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，判斷該空填Though/AlthoughThough/Although。 【典例典例2 2】 Were all born with exceptional Were all born with exceptional qualities, _ only a few really realize their qualities, _ only a few really realize their true potentials and make efforts in life and the true potentials and make efforts in life and the others just lead an average life.others just lead an average life. 【解析解析】 根據(jù)前后句意的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系判斷該空填根據(jù)前后句意的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系判斷該空填butbut。模塊模塊 3 3 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 3 3根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志進(jìn)行填充根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志進(jìn)行填充 語(yǔ)篇是指比單個(gè)句子長(zhǎng)的語(yǔ)言單位語(yǔ)篇是指比單個(gè)句子長(zhǎng)的語(yǔ)言單位( (句群、段落、句群、段落、篇章等篇章等) )。語(yǔ)篇間往往有標(biāo)明內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的詞，我們稱這。語(yǔ)篇間往往有標(biāo)明內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的詞，我們稱這些詞為些詞為“語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志詞”。如表示結(jié)構(gòu)層次的有。如表示結(jié)構(gòu)層次的有first, first, second, third, finallysecond, third, finally等；表示邏輯關(guān)系的有等；表示邏輯關(guān)系的有thusthus，thereforetherefore，soso等；表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系或變換話題的有等；表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系或變換話題的有however, but, by the wayhowever, but, by the way等。等?！罢Z(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志詞”對(duì)迅速對(duì)迅速理清文章的脈絡(luò)，弄清上下文關(guān)系很有幫助。理清文章的脈絡(luò)，弄清上下文關(guān)系很有幫助。模塊模塊 3 3 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 【典例典例】 Success is nothing more than a few Success is nothing more than a few simple disciplines practiced daily and _ simple disciplines practiced daily and _ is nothing more than a few small errors repeated is nothing more than a few small errors repeated daily.daily. 【解析解析】 根據(jù)句中根據(jù)句中andand所表示的并列關(guān)系可知該空所表示的并列關(guān)系可知該空與與successsuccess相對(duì)應(yīng)，故該空填相對(duì)應(yīng)，故該空填failurefailure。 模塊模塊 3 3 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 4.4.根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行填充根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行填充 【典例典例】 Later, I seemed to hear faraway voices Later, I seemed to hear faraway voices saying that my right _was broken. I almost saying that my right _was broken. I almost burst into tears. How would I ever play the piano burst into tears. How would I ever play the piano again?again? 【解析解析】 根據(jù)下文根據(jù)下文“How would I ever play the How would I ever play the piano againpiano again？”可判斷我所受傷的部位是用來(lái)彈鋼琴的，可判斷我所受傷的部位是用來(lái)彈鋼琴的，由此判斷該空填由此判斷該空填handhand。模塊模塊 3 3 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 5 5根據(jù)生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行填充根據(jù)生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行填充 【典例典例】 After some time, my mother arrived at After some time, my mother arrived at the hospital, her face as _as a sheet, and the hospital, her face as _as a sheet, and gave me a hug. Only then did the doctor begin to gave me a hug. Only then did the doctor begin to stitch(stitch(縫合縫合) my head wound.) my head wound. 【解析解析】 根據(jù)后一句可知，我是因傷在醫(yī)院需動(dòng)手術(shù)；根據(jù)后一句可知，我是因傷在醫(yī)院需動(dòng)手術(shù)；由生活常識(shí)可知，動(dòng)手術(shù)前自然害怕，害怕的人自然會(huì)臉由生活常識(shí)可知，動(dòng)手術(shù)前自然害怕，害怕的人自然會(huì)臉色蒼白，而且生活中紙也常是白色的，由這些生活常識(shí)可色蒼白，而且生活中紙也常是白色的，由這些生活常識(shí)可判斷該空填判斷該空填whitewhite。模塊模塊 3 3 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 6 6根據(jù)文化背景進(jìn)行填充根據(jù)文化背景進(jìn)行填充 【典例典例】 After the flood Mr. Deng was as poor After the flood Mr. Deng was as poor as a church_.as a church_. 【解析解析】 這句話的意思是這句話的意思是“水災(zāi)后鄧先生一貧如洗水災(zāi)后鄧先生一貧如洗了了”。as poor as a church mouse(as poor as a church mouse(一貧如洗一貧如洗) )，所以此，所以此處填處填mousemouse。題型探究模塊模塊 3 3 題型探究題型探究 探究點(diǎn)一實(shí)詞型填空探究點(diǎn)一實(shí)詞型填空 完形填空第二節(jié)在完形填空第二節(jié)在8 8個(gè)空之中考查實(shí)詞運(yùn)用常為個(gè)空之中考查實(shí)詞運(yùn)用常為113 3空，常見(jiàn)為動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞和代詞。一般空，常見(jiàn)為動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞和代詞。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，考查實(shí)詞之處頗具情景性，即與語(yǔ)境有關(guān)，要求來(lái)說(shuō)，考查實(shí)詞之處頗具情景性，即與語(yǔ)境有關(guān)，要求根據(jù)上下文邏輯的發(fā)展關(guān)系進(jìn)行推斷。因此，正確解答根據(jù)上下文邏輯的發(fā)展關(guān)系進(jìn)行推斷。因此，正確解答實(shí)詞型，弄懂短文大意至關(guān)重要。實(shí)詞型，弄懂短文大意至關(guān)重要。模塊模塊 3 3 題型探究題型探究 正確解答實(shí)詞型填空，一要注意判斷詞性，即根據(jù)正確解答實(shí)詞型填空，一要注意判斷詞性，即根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能，判斷是用形容詞還是副詞；用動(dòng)詞句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能，判斷是用形容詞還是副詞；用動(dòng)詞還是名詞等。如果修飾名詞，前面多用形容詞或偶用名還是名詞等。如果修飾名詞，前面多用形容詞或偶用名詞或名詞所有格作定語(yǔ)；修飾動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子通常用副詞或名詞所有格作定語(yǔ)；修飾動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子通常用副詞；作謂語(yǔ)用動(dòng)詞；作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)通常用名詞、代詞；詞；作謂語(yǔ)用動(dòng)詞；作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)通常用名詞、代詞；作系動(dòng)詞的表語(yǔ)通常用形容詞而不用副詞；作定語(yǔ)用形作系動(dòng)詞的表語(yǔ)通常用形容詞而不用副詞；作定語(yǔ)用形容詞或相當(dāng)于形容詞的短語(yǔ)或分句。二要注意判斷詞形。容詞或相當(dāng)于形容詞的短語(yǔ)或分句。二要注意判斷詞形。模塊模塊 3 3 題型探究題型探究即當(dāng)確定所填的詞是名詞時(shí)，就要考慮是可數(shù)名詞還是不即當(dāng)確定所填的詞是名詞時(shí)，就要考慮是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞，是單數(shù)名詞還是復(fù)數(shù)名詞。形容詞要看是用原可數(shù)名詞，是單數(shù)名詞還是復(fù)數(shù)名詞。形容詞要看是用原級(jí)，還是比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)。如果填的是動(dòng)詞，首先要判斷級(jí)，還是比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)。如果填的是動(dòng)詞，首先要判斷是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣等；非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則要考慮是用現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣等；非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則要考慮是用現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞還是不定式形式，同時(shí)也要考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)問(wèn)題。代詞詞還是不定式形式，同時(shí)也要考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)問(wèn)題。代詞則要考慮用主格還是賓格等。則要考慮用主格還是賓格等。模塊模塊 3 3 題型探究題型探究 【典例典例1 1】 Well, its just a waste of time. Well, its just a waste of time. Teenagers playing the game spend so many hours on Teenagers playing the game spend so many hours on it that they cannot _ on their study.it that they cannot _ on their study. 【解析解析】 該空在句中作謂語(yǔ)，且置于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，該空在句中作謂語(yǔ)，且置于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，由此判斷該空填動(dòng)詞原形。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推斷該空填由此判斷該空填動(dòng)詞原形。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推斷該空填focusfocus或或concentrateconcentrate。focus/concentrate onfocus/concentrate on意為意為“集中集中”。 【典例典例2 2】 When we look at it as a whole, we When we look at it as a whole, we begin to have some _begin to have some _， which even the best which even the best guidebooks do not answer. guidebooks do not answer. 模塊模塊 3 3 題型探究題型探究 【解析解析】 該空在句中作動(dòng)詞該空在句中作動(dòng)詞havehave的賓語(yǔ)且前面有形的賓語(yǔ)且前面有形容詞容詞somesome的修飾，由此判斷該空填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。根的修飾，由此判斷該空填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。根據(jù)空后的據(jù)空后的“do not answer”do not answer”可推斷該空填可推斷該空填questionsquestions。 【典例典例3 3】 China is _ than Japan in China is _ than Japan in size.size. 【解析解析】 該空在句中作該空在句中作isis的表語(yǔ)且后有介詞的表語(yǔ)且后有介詞thanthan，表兩者之間的比較，由此判斷該空填形容詞的比較級(jí)。表兩者之間的比較，由此判斷該空填形容詞的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)常識(shí)我們知道，中國(guó)在面積上比日本大，故該空填根據(jù)常識(shí)我們知道，中國(guó)在面積上比日本大，故該空填largerlarger。模塊模塊 3 3 題型探究題型探究 【典例典例4 4】 And yes, if I see the blue flowers And yes, if I see the blue flowers again, you can bet Ill stop and transplant again, you can bet Ill stop and transplant _ to my wildflower garden._ to my wildflower garden. 【解析解析】 該空在句中作動(dòng)詞該空在句中作動(dòng)詞transplanttransplant的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)填名詞或代詞。如果填名詞，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境則應(yīng)填填名詞或代詞。如果填名詞，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境則應(yīng)填the blue the blue flowersflowers，但由于空中只能填一詞，故用人稱代詞賓格，但由于空中只能填一詞，故用人稱代詞賓格themthem填空，代替填空，代替the blue flowersthe blue flowers。模塊模塊 3 3 題型探究題型探究 探究點(diǎn)二虛詞型填空探究點(diǎn)二虛詞型填空 完形填空第二節(jié)考查虛詞為主。在完形填空第二節(jié)考查虛詞為主。在8 8個(gè)空之中考查虛詞個(gè)空之中考查虛詞運(yùn)用的情況多至運(yùn)用的情況多至5757空，主要考查介詞、并列連詞、空，主要考查介詞、并列連詞、itit的的虛指用法、冠詞、從句引導(dǎo)詞虛指用法、冠詞、從句引導(dǎo)詞( (即名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句即名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句或狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞或狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞) )。答好虛詞型試題要求考生具有較。答好虛詞型試題要求考生具有較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)境推理能力，扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，豐富的詞匯及強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)境推理能力，扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，豐富的詞匯及句型搭配和較強(qiáng)的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)感。句型搭配和較強(qiáng)的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)感。 具體地說(shuō)，解答虛詞型填空試題的常見(jiàn)技巧如下：具體地說(shuō)，解答虛詞型填空試題的常見(jiàn)技巧如下：模塊模塊 3 3 題型探究題型探究 1 1如果該空在句中并列連接兩個(gè)成分或句子，并如果該空在句中并列連接兩個(gè)成分或句子，并列連接兩個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)，則用并列連詞。?？疾榈牟⒘辛羞B接兩個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)，則用并列連詞。?？疾榈牟⒘羞B詞有：連詞有： (1) (1)表轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比關(guān)系的并列連詞：表轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比關(guān)系的并列連詞：but, while, but, while, whereaswhereas；表讓步轉(zhuǎn)折意義的副詞：；表讓步轉(zhuǎn)折意義的副詞：nevertheless, nevertheless, however, thoughhowever, though，anywayanyway，anyhowanyhow，yetyet。 (2) (2)表因果關(guān)系的并列連詞：表因果關(guān)系的并列連詞：so, thusso, thus，for(for(因因?yàn)闉? )；表示因果意義的副詞：；表示因果意義的副詞：thereforetherefore。模塊模塊 3 3 題型探究題型探究 (3)(3)表選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞：表選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞：or(or(或者；否則或者；否則), ), eithereitheroror；表選擇意義的副詞：；表選擇意義的副詞：otherwiseotherwise。 (4) (4)表并列關(guān)系的并列連詞：表并列關(guān)系的并列連詞：and, bothand, bothand, not and, not onlyonlybut also, as well as, neitherbut also, as well as, neithernornor。 (5) (5)表表“就在這時(shí)就在這時(shí)”的并列連詞：的并列連詞：whenwhen。 【典例典例1 1】 In some places women are expected In some places women are expected to earn money _ men work at home and to earn money _ men work at home and raise their children. raise their children. 模塊模塊 3 3 題型探究題型探究 【解析解析】 句意為：在一些地方，人們期望婦女掙錢(qián)而句意為：在一些地方，人們期望婦女掙錢(qián)而男士在家操持家務(wù)和撫養(yǎng)子女。前后兩句之間是對(duì)比關(guān)系，男士在家操持家務(wù)和撫養(yǎng)子女。前后兩句之間是對(duì)比關(guān)系，故填故填whilewhile。 【典例典例2 2】 He found it increasingly difficult to He found it increasingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail.read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail. 【解析解析】 因?yàn)榍昂缶涫且蚬P(guān)系，故填因?yàn)榍昂缶涫且蚬P(guān)系，故填forfor表表“因因?yàn)闉椤?。模塊模塊 3 3 題型探究題型探究 【典例典例3 3】 You have failed two tests. Youd You have failed two tests. Youd better start working harderbetter start working harder，_you wont _you wont pass the course.pass the course. 【解析解析】 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境根據(jù)語(yǔ)境“你已有兩場(chǎng)考試不及格，你最你已有兩場(chǎng)考試不及格，你最好開(kāi)始加倍努力，否則你通不過(guò)這門(mén)學(xué)科的。好開(kāi)始加倍努力，否則你通不過(guò)這門(mén)學(xué)科的。”判斷填判斷填oror。 【典例典例4 4】 Stand over there _ youll be Stand over there _ youll be able to see the oil painting better. able to see the oil painting better. 模塊模塊 3 3 題型探究題型探究 【解析解析】 句意為：站在那兒，你能更好地看到這幅句意為：站在那兒，你能更好地看到這幅油畫(huà)。根據(jù)句型油畫(huà)。根據(jù)句型“祈使句祈使句andand簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句”可判斷填可判斷填andand。 【典例典例5 5】 I had just stepped out of the I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel _I heard the steps. towel _I heard the steps. 【解析解析】 句意為：我剛走出浴室正忙于用浴巾擦干句意為：我剛走出浴室正忙于用浴巾擦干身子，就在這時(shí)我聽(tīng)到了腳步聲。由此判斷填身子，就在這時(shí)我聽(tīng)到了腳步聲。由此判斷填whenwhen。模塊模塊 3 3 題型探究題型探究 【典例典例6 6】 There must be a better way to There must be a better way to test a students true ability as_ as test a students true ability as_ as their knowledge.their knowledge. 【解析解析】 此處此處as well asas well as連接兩個(gè)并列名詞短語(yǔ)連接兩個(gè)并列名詞短語(yǔ)作作testtest的賓語(yǔ)。的賓語(yǔ)。模塊模塊 3 3 題型探究題型探究 2 2如果該空位于如果該空位于“形容詞形容詞 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”之前，之前，考慮用冠詞考慮用冠詞(a/an/the)(a/an/the)或形容詞性物主代詞。此外，也要或形容詞性物主代詞。此外，也要掌握一些有關(guān)冠詞的固定搭配。掌握一些有關(guān)冠詞的固定搭配。 【典例典例1 1】 We must not only use our knowledge and We must not only use our knowledge and abilities to manage the Earth, but to make the abilities to manage the Earth, but to make the Earth_ safe and healthy place where all Earth_ safe and healthy place where all animals and plantsincluding humans ourselvescan animals and plantsincluding humans ourselvescan live. live. 【解析解析】 該空后形容詞該空后形容詞safesafe和和healthyhealthy所修飾的所修飾的placeplace為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，由此判斷此空填冠詞。由語(yǔ)境可知此處為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，由此判斷此空填冠詞。由語(yǔ)境可知此處表泛指，故填表泛指，故填a a。模塊模塊 3 3 題型探究題型探究 【典例典例2 2】 The little girl pulled _ The little girl pulled _ left hand out of the pocket and took out some left hand out of the pocket and took out some money.money. 【解析解析】 空后為空后為“形容詞單數(shù)名詞形容詞單數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，考慮結(jié)構(gòu)，考慮用冠詞或形容詞性物主代詞。根據(jù)句意此處應(yīng)指小女孩用冠詞或形容詞性物主代詞。根據(jù)句意此處應(yīng)指小女孩的左手，故用的左手，故用herher填空。填空。模塊模塊 3 3 題型探究題型探究 3 3如果該空位于如果該空位于“限定詞限定詞( (冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格、數(shù)詞不定代詞、名詞所有格、數(shù)詞) )形容詞形容詞 名詞名詞”之前，或之前，或該空位于動(dòng)詞和名詞或代詞之間，則可考慮用介詞。此外也該空位于動(dòng)詞和名詞或代詞之間，則可考慮用介詞。此外也要注意要注意“系動(dòng)詞形容詞介詞名詞或代詞系動(dòng)詞形容詞介詞名詞或代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)。 【典例典例1 1】 Another simple way to protect your Another simple way to protect your heart at your age is to quit smoking and avoid heart at your age is to quit smoking and avoid breathing _ secondhand smoke. breathing _ secondhand smoke. 【解析解析】 該空位于動(dòng)詞和名詞之間，可初步判斷該空填該空位于動(dòng)詞和名詞之間，可初步判斷該空填介詞。根據(jù)介詞。根據(jù)“quit smoking”quit smoking”和和“avoid breathing avoid breathing _ secondsmoke”_ secondsmoke”的并列關(guān)系可判斷，此處指的并列關(guān)系可判斷，此處指“避避免吸入二手煙免吸入二手煙”，故填，故填inin。模塊模塊 3 3 題型探究題型探究 【典例典例2 2】 She first painted only to please She first painted only to please herself, and then began to sell her works herself, and then began to sell her works _a little money._a little money. 【解析解析】 該空位于該空位于“a little money”a little money”之前，可初之前，可初步判斷填介詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可判斷此處表示出售作品的目步判斷填介詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可判斷此處表示出售作品的目的是為了賺錢(qián)，故填的是為了賺錢(qián)，故填forfor。模塊模塊 3 3 題型探究題型探究 4 4如果該空引導(dǎo)的從句置于句首且整個(gè)從句在句中如果該空引導(dǎo)的從句置于句首且整個(gè)從句在句中作主語(yǔ)，則考慮用主語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞；如果該空引導(dǎo)的作主語(yǔ)，則考慮用主語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞；如果該空引導(dǎo)的從句置于系動(dòng)詞之后，則考慮用表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞；如從句置于系動(dòng)詞之后，則考慮用表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞；如果該空引導(dǎo)的從句置于動(dòng)詞或介詞之后，則考慮用賓語(yǔ)果該空引導(dǎo)的從句置于動(dòng)詞或介詞之后，則考慮用賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，其中考得較多的名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞是從句的引導(dǎo)詞，其中考得較多的名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞是what, whatever, that, whether, where, whywhat, whatever, that, whether, where, why。 【典例典例1 1】 _ that team and that school _ that team and that school must do is to admit that it lost.must do is to admit that it lost. 【解析解析】 該空引導(dǎo)的從句在句中作主語(yǔ)，即可判斷該空引導(dǎo)的從句在句中作主語(yǔ)，即可判斷它引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)該空在從句中作它引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)該空在從句中作dodo的賓語(yǔ)，的賓語(yǔ)，故填故填whatwhat。模塊模塊 3 3 題型探究題型探究 【典例典例2 2】 I dont quite understand _ I dont quite understand _ they are so mad about the childish game. Maybe they they are so mad about the childish game. Maybe they are just not confident enough to face the real world.are just not confident enough to face the real world. 【解析解析】 該空引導(dǎo)的從句置于動(dòng)詞該空引導(dǎo)的從句置于動(dòng)詞understandunderstand之后且作之后且作understandunderstand的賓語(yǔ)，故可判斷它引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)后的賓語(yǔ)，故可判斷它引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)后一句的意思可推斷我很不明白他們?yōu)槭裁慈绱酥杂谠撚字梢痪涞囊馑伎赏茢辔液懿幻靼姿麄優(yōu)槭裁慈绱酥杂谠撚字傻挠螒?，故填的游戲，故填whywhy。模塊模塊 3 3 題型探究題型探究 5 5如果該空引導(dǎo)的從句置于名詞之后，則可考慮兩種如果該空引導(dǎo)的從句置于名詞之后，則可考慮兩種情況，一是引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，常見(jiàn)的名詞有情況，一是引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，常見(jiàn)的名詞有fact, hope, fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibilitypossibility等，同位語(yǔ)從句補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明這些名詞的內(nèi)容；等，同位語(yǔ)從句補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明這些名詞的內(nèi)容；考查引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句較多的引導(dǎo)詞是考查引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句較多的引導(dǎo)詞是that, whetherthat, whether，這，這兩個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞在從句中均不作成分。二是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，此兩個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞在從句中均不作成分。二是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí)定語(yǔ)從句修飾或限制它前面的名詞，常考查的是關(guān)系代時(shí)定語(yǔ)從句修飾或限制它前面的名詞，?？疾榈氖顷P(guān)系代詞詞that, which, who, whom, asthat, which, who, whom, as和關(guān)系副詞和關(guān)系副詞when, where, when, where, whywhy。模塊模塊 3 3 題型探究題型探究 【典例【典例1 1】 The news _ we won the game is The news _ we won the game is exciting. exciting. 【解析解析】 該空引導(dǎo)的從句置于名詞該空引導(dǎo)的從句置于名詞newsnews之后且具體說(shuō)之后且具體說(shuō)明明newsnews的內(nèi)容，可判斷該空引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。由句意可推的內(nèi)容，可判斷該空引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。由句意可推斷填斷填thatthat。模塊模塊 3 3 題型探究題型探究 【典例典例2 2】 As soon as a child begins school, As soon as a child begins school, he enters a world of examination_ will he enters a world of examination_ will decide his future of job. decide his future of job. 【解析解析】 該空引導(dǎo)的從句置于名詞該空引導(dǎo)的從句置于名詞examinationexamination之之后并修飾后并修飾examinationexamination，由此推斷它引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)，由此推斷它引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)其在從句中作主語(yǔ)，且先行詞指物，故填從句。根據(jù)其在從句中作主語(yǔ)，且先行詞指物，故填whichwhich或或thatthat。模塊模塊 3 3 題型探究題型探究 6 6如果該空引導(dǎo)的從句位于句首或位于句末，且前如果該空引導(dǎo)的從句位于句首或位于句末，且前后句之間沒(méi)有并列連詞，此時(shí)可考慮用引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的引后句之間沒(méi)有并列連詞，此時(shí)可考慮用引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，?？嫉囊龑?dǎo)詞有：導(dǎo)詞，常考的引導(dǎo)詞有：because, as, when, before, because, as, when, before, after, though, although, while, where, if, since, after, though, although, while, where, if, since, so/suchso/suchthatthat等。等。 【典例典例1 1】 _she had not lost her precious _she had not lost her precious belongs, she could have lost something far more belongs, she could have lost something far more importanther life!importanther life! 【解析解析】 該空引導(dǎo)從句置于句末，且兩句之間無(wú)并列該空引導(dǎo)從句置于句末，且兩句之間無(wú)并列連詞，可判斷該空引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意可判斷填連詞，可判斷該空引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意可判斷填ifif引引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句。導(dǎo)虛擬條件句。模塊模塊 3 3 題型探究題型探究 【典例典例2 2】 Anna Mary Robertson, better known Anna Mary Robertson, better known as “Grandma Moses”as “Grandma Moses”， turned to painting turned to painting _she was too old to work on her farm._she was too old to work on her farm. 【解析解析】 該空引導(dǎo)從句置于句末，再結(jié)合句意可判該空引導(dǎo)從句置于句末，再結(jié)合句意可判斷它引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，故填斷它引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，故填whenwhen。模塊模塊 3 3 題型探究題型探究 7 7itit的虛指用法主要指的虛指用法主要指itit作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)及用作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)及用以構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的用法。其中以構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的用法。其中itit作形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)的作形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)的主要句型如下：主要句型如下： 用用ItIt作形式主語(yǔ)的句型：作形式主語(yǔ)的句型： (1)It is (1)It is adjadj. . to do sth.to do sth. It is difficult to translate this article. It is difficult to translate this article. 翻譯這篇文章很難。翻譯這篇文章很難。 (2)It is (2)It is adjadj. . for/of sb.for/of sb. to do sth.to do sth. It is important for us to learn English. It is important for us to learn English. 學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)對(duì)我們很重要。學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)對(duì)我們很重要。 Its kind of you to help me. Its kind of you to help me. 你幫助我真是太好了。你幫助我真是太好了。模塊模塊 3 3 題型探究題型探究 (3)It is up to sb. to do sth.“(3)It is up to sb. to do sth.“應(yīng)由某人負(fù)責(zé)應(yīng)由某人負(fù)責(zé)”或或“是某人的職責(zé)是某人的職責(zé)”。 Its up to you to decide whether to take the Its up to you to decide whether to take the job or not.job or not. 接不接受這份工作由你自己定。接不接受這份工作由你自己定。 (4)It is (4)It is adjadj. . thatclausethatclause It is important that we should pay close It is important that we should pay close attention to grain. attention to grain. 關(guān)注糧食對(duì)我們很重要。關(guān)注糧食對(duì)我們很重要。 (5)It is (no) good/use/useless (5)It is (no) good/use/useless doing sth.doing sth. It is no use trying again It is no use trying again It is of no use It is of no use to try again. to try again. 再試也沒(méi)用。再試也沒(méi)用。模塊模塊 3 3 題型探究題型探究 (6)It is worthwhile (6)It is worthwhile doing sth./to do sth.doing sth./to do sth. It is worthwhile spending/to spend much time It is worthwhile spending/to spend much time on it. on it. 在這件事上花時(shí)間是值得的。在這件事上花時(shí)間是值得的。 (7)It happens (7)It happens thatclausethatclause It happened that John was the only witness. It happened that John was the only witness. 碰巧約翰是唯一的證人。碰巧約翰是唯一的證人。 (8)It occurs to/strikes sb. (8)It occurs to/strikes sb.thatclause thatclause 某人某人突然想到突然想到 It suddenly occurred to/struck me that I It suddenly occurred to/struck me that I hadnt seen Peter all day. hadnt seen Peter all day. 我突然想到，我一整天都沒(méi)看見(jiàn)彼得。我突然想到，我一整天都沒(méi)看見(jiàn)彼得。模塊模塊 3 3 題型探究題型探究 (9)It is said/reported/announced/ (well) (9)It is said/reported/announced/ (well) knownknownthatthat It is known to us all that he means well. It is known to us all that he means well. 我我們都知道他是好意的。們都知道他是好意的。 (10)It takes sb. some time to do sth. (10)It takes sb. some time to do sth. It took us one month to complete this It took us one month to complete this project.project. 我們花了一個(gè)月完成這項(xiàng)工程。我們花了一個(gè)月完成這項(xiàng)工程。模塊模塊 3 3 題型探究題型探究 ItIt作形式賓語(yǔ)的句型作形式賓語(yǔ)的句型 (1) (1)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)vtvt.(think/consider/feel/suppose/believe .(think/consider/feel/suppose/believe etc.)etc.) it it adjadj. . to do sth.to do sth. I found it difficult to explain to him what I found it