第一篇語言知識及應(yīng)用第一篇語言知識及應(yīng)用第二節(jié)巧用同現(xiàn)復(fù)現(xiàn)法第二節(jié)巧用同現(xiàn)復(fù)現(xiàn)法英語語篇的連貫離不開詞匯銜接，而英英語語篇的連貫離不開詞匯銜接，而英語的詞匯銜接關(guān)系分為兩種：復(fù)現(xiàn)和同現(xiàn)。語的詞匯銜接關(guān)系分為兩種：復(fù)現(xiàn)和同現(xiàn)。因而對于解決完形填空的語境理解題，巧用因而對于解決完形填空的語境理解題，巧用同現(xiàn)復(fù)現(xiàn)法尤為有效。同現(xiàn)復(fù)現(xiàn)法尤為有效。一個語篇一定是圍繞某個話題進(jìn)行的，同一個語篇一定是圍繞某個話題進(jìn)行的，同一話題就會有一些相關(guān)聯(lián)的詞語共同出現(xiàn)。如一一話題就會有一些相關(guān)聯(lián)的詞語共同出現(xiàn)。如一篇談學(xué)校生活的文章，有可能共同出現(xiàn)的單詞有：篇談學(xué)校生活的文章，有可能共同出現(xiàn)的單詞有：teacher，classmate，student，classroom，library，laboratory，computer，score，maths，physics，study，desk，chair，holiday等，這種等，這種詞匯共同出現(xiàn)的傾向性，就叫同現(xiàn)。詞匯共同出現(xiàn)的傾向性，就叫同現(xiàn)。一、詞語同現(xiàn)一、詞語同現(xiàn)例例1Although these wide modern roads are generally_and well maintained, with little sharp curves and many straight sections, a direct route is not always the most enjoyable one.Astable BsmoothCsplendid Dcomplicated 本題涉及形容詞和名詞的同現(xiàn)。與本題涉及形容詞和名詞的同現(xiàn)。與高速公路高速公路(wide modern roads)同現(xiàn)的形容詞應(yīng)同現(xiàn)的形容詞應(yīng)該是該是“平坦的平坦的”，答案為答案為B。解析：解析：答案：答案：B例例2 “Hooray！” shouted the crowd.It was the loudest _I had ever heard at a meet.The firstplace runner was two laps ahead of me when she crossed the finishing line.Acheer BshoutCcry Dnoise 句中句中Hooray, runner, finishing line 和和 cheer, shout 為因果同現(xiàn)詞匯為因果同現(xiàn)詞匯，都為體育賽跑比都為體育賽跑比賽中所用的詞匯。盡管選項(xiàng)中有賽中所用的詞匯。盡管選項(xiàng)中有shout一詞一詞，但但由下文由下文“two laps ahead of me when she crossed the finishing line”可知可知，cheer“喝彩聲喝彩聲”最為最為貼切貼切，故選，故選A。解析：解析：答案：答案：A例例3 The argument has been on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的智力的) growth by _situation that has designed for the average children.Adesigning BgroupingClearning Dliving 與與classes, children, intellectual同現(xiàn)同現(xiàn)的單詞的單詞， 很可能是很可能是learning，代入代入，解釋合解釋合理通順。理通順。解析：解析：答案：答案：C詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)又可分為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義或近義詞復(fù)詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)又可分為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義或近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)(包括與近義詞的同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，包括與近義詞的同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)， 如如ill與與sickness)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)(又叫同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)又叫同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn))、上下、上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。了解詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)這種銜接手段，義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。了解詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)這種銜接手段， 有助于有助于快速準(zhǔn)確地解答完形填空題?？焖贉?zhǔn)確地解答完形填空題。1原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。為了表達(dá)的需要，在具體的上原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。為了表達(dá)的需要，在具體的上下文中同一個單詞重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。下文中同一個單詞重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。二、詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)二、詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)例例1 One man left and the other stayed, but they did not_the bird.It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were finally able to fool the crow.Afool Bhurt Ccatch Dkill與下文與下文fool the crow中的中的fool是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。解析：解析：答案：答案：A2同義詞、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。同義詞、近義詞復(fù)同義詞、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。同義詞、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)是借助意思相同或相近的表達(dá)方式，或解釋性現(xiàn)是借助意思相同或相近的表達(dá)方式，或解釋性的語言使上下文的語義得以連接起來。的語言使上下文的語義得以連接起來。例例2 We all know that some things are obviously right.For example, it is right to be kind to other people.It is also right to look after the environment.Some things arewrong, too.For instance, we should not hurt or bully (欺負(fù)欺負(fù)) others, nor should we litter.Rules often tell us what is right or wrong. Aequally BslightlyCclearly Dincreasingly解析：解析：答案：答案：C 與第一句與第一句“some things are obviously right”相對應(yīng)相對應(yīng)，與與obviously(同同)近義復(fù)現(xiàn)的是近義復(fù)現(xiàn)的是clearly。例例3 For example, babies about fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a small group. But when the number goes beyond three or four, the children are_fooled.Aseldom BtemporarilyCmerely Doften解析：解析：答案：答案：D 由由but可知可知，后文是表示與，后文是表示與always notice相對的意思相對的意思，當(dāng)數(shù)字超過三四個以后當(dāng)數(shù)字超過三四個以后，就就“常常常?！蹦芷垓_這些嬰兒了。能欺騙這些嬰兒了。often與與always同同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。3反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。語意的連貫有時是通過對比反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。語意的連貫有時是通過對比結(jié)構(gòu)而采用反義復(fù)現(xiàn)的手段顯現(xiàn)的，或者是以反義結(jié)構(gòu)而采用反義復(fù)現(xiàn)的手段顯現(xiàn)的，或者是以反義的方式對前文加以解釋，考生可以從反義的角度判的方式對前文加以解釋，考生可以從反義的角度判斷正確的選項(xiàng)。斷正確的選項(xiàng)。例例4 A man trying to take a photo of a crow(烏鴉烏鴉)that had a nest in a tower, but the crow always left when she saw him coming. The bird did not_until the man left the tower.Arelax BrecoverCreact Dreturn 與上句中與上句中l(wèi)eft相對相對，選選return，兩兩者是反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。者是反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。解析：解析：答案：答案：D4同源同源(同根同根)詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。上下文語義復(fù)現(xiàn)的表詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。上下文語義復(fù)現(xiàn)的表達(dá)，還可借助復(fù)現(xiàn)信息的同源詞或同根詞。達(dá)，還可借助復(fù)現(xiàn)信息的同源詞或同根詞。例例5 Many are concerned that gifted children become bored and lose interest in learning.However, thisis more often from parents and teachers than from students.Aconcern BconclusionCreflection Dinterest concern (n.擔(dān)心擔(dān)心)與上文的與上文的concerned (adj.擔(dān)心的擔(dān)心的)是同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)或同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。是同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)或同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。解析：解析：答案：答案：A5上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。在篇章中，有時為了表達(dá)上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。在篇章中，有時為了表達(dá)的需要，作者會先概述再分述。概述時用的為上義的需要，作者會先概述再分述。概述時用的為上義詞，上義詞具有概括的作用。分述則用比較具體的詞，上義詞具有概括的作用。分述則用比較具體的下義詞，兩者為總分關(guān)系。如：下義詞，兩者為總分關(guān)系。如：instrument是是piano，violin，drum等的上義詞；等的上義詞；adult是是parents，teachers，professor等的上義詞；等的上義詞；occupation是是lawyer，doctor，policeman，worker等的上義詞。等的上義詞。例例6However, this concern is more often from parents and teachers than from students, and some of these simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are talented.Astudents BadultsCscholars Dteachers 因因adults是上文是上文parents and teachers的的上義詞上義詞， 即這是上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)即這是上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)， 故選故選B。 解析：解析：答案：答案：B例例6Car drivers have to obey traffic regulations that tell them the right things to do on the road to avoid crashes.Cyclists who give signals before turning or stopping help prevent .Aaccidents BmistakesCfalls Ddeaths 由常識和上面中的由常識和上面中的avoid crashes可知選可知選A。accidents與與crash是上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)是上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。解析：解析：答案：答案：A(一一)利用詞語同現(xiàn)法完成下列各題。利用詞語同現(xiàn)法完成下列各題。 1.To make sure that he was remembered with love and respect.Nobel arranged in his _to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel Prizes.Nobel had to die before he realized what his life was really about.AbookBarticleCwill Dcontractu即學(xué)即即學(xué)即練練解析：解析：與與die(死死), arrange(安排后事安排后事)同同現(xiàn)的具有相關(guān)性的詞應(yīng)當(dāng)是現(xiàn)的具有相關(guān)性的詞應(yīng)當(dāng)是will(遺囑遺囑)，屬屬于同義同現(xiàn)。于同義同現(xiàn)。答案：答案：C2These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows_and pale.Asick BslimCshort Dsmall解析：解析：與與pale同現(xiàn)的單詞同現(xiàn)的單詞， 應(yīng)是應(yīng)是sick，屬于同義同現(xiàn)。屬于同義同現(xiàn)。答案：答案：A解析：解析：與與confusing(易混淆的易混淆的)同現(xiàn)的單詞同現(xiàn)的單詞， 應(yīng)當(dāng)是應(yīng)當(dāng)是complicated(復(fù)雜的復(fù)雜的), 共同修飾共同修飾passwords，屬于同義同現(xiàn)屬于同義同現(xiàn)。答案：答案：B3All you need is a webcam and your pretty face to access your PC.No more _， confusing passwords to remember or change every few months.Asimple BcomplicatedCspecial Duseful 4Even though it was only October, my students were already whispering about Christmas plans.Weeks passed and the excitement over the coming Christmas grew into restlessness until the last day of _before the holiday break.Aschool ByearCeducation Dprogram解析：解析：the last day of school與下文的與下文的holiday break同同現(xiàn)?，F(xiàn)。答案：答案：A 5This year I decided to do something to regain my good name as a kindly uncle.My _Tony, had never forgiven me for the dictionary I had bought him as a birthday present last year.Acousin BdaughterCgrandson Dnephew解析：解析：nephew與前面的與前面的uncle屬同義同現(xiàn)。屬同義同現(xiàn)。答案：答案：D 6On _days, she wore heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves.Asunny BrainyCcloudy Dsnowy解析：解析：與與heavy clothes和和woolen gloves同現(xiàn)同現(xiàn)的應(yīng)是的應(yīng)是snowy days。答案：答案：D 7That is what a hobby means, I guess.It is something we like to do in our spare time simply for the_of it.The value in dollars is not important; we do it for the pleasure it gives us.Abenefit BgoodCfun Dinterest解析：解析：fun與后面的與后面的pleasure是同義同是同義同現(xiàn)?，F(xiàn)。答案：答案：C8.those challenges are the very things that_us and make us who we are.Adesign BpromoteCdirect Dshape 解析：解析：由由and可知可知，應(yīng)與后面的，應(yīng)與后面的“make us who we are”對應(yīng)對應(yīng)，選選shape。答案：答案：D 9Its a little funny seeing friends in clean shoes and trousers or colorful_，instead of the usual school uniform.Ashapes BdressesCflowers Dpictures 解析：解析：由由or可知可知，應(yīng)與前面的應(yīng)與前面的shoes，trousers對對應(yīng)。應(yīng)。答案：答案：B10Before leaving, I had turned the heater on in the roadhouse, so that when we went in, it was nice and_Aneat BhotCwarm Dattractive解析：解析：與前面與前面heater對應(yīng)的有對應(yīng)的有hot和和warm兩個兩個，但又符合前面但又符合前面nice的最佳選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為的最佳選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為warm。答案：答案：C11Several thoughts crossed my mind as I watched him work.He wasnt well dressed.He had on a pair of shorts and a simple Tshirt.The bicycle he r o d e w a s n o t b y a n y m e a n s t h e k i n d modern_ would want to be seen riding on.Arepairmen BbusinessmenCdrivers Dcyclists解析：解析：根據(jù)上文根據(jù)上文“The bicycle he rode.”及下文及下文“want to be seen riding on.”可知可知，應(yīng)選應(yīng)選cyclists。其中。其中cyclists與與bicycle屬于同義同現(xiàn)。屬于同義同現(xiàn)。答案：答案：D12Failing to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs businesses huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 percent of its customers every year.In constantly changing_，this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.Amarkets BtastesCprices Dexpenses解析：解析：根據(jù)上文根據(jù)上文“It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 percent of its customers every year.”可知可知，在不在不斷變化的市場斷變化的市場(markets)中中，這并不奇怪。其中這并不奇怪。其中market與與company，customer屬于同義同現(xiàn)。屬于同義同現(xiàn)。答案：答案：A1 3 We w a n t t o g i v e o u r g u e s t s a _feeling, so each room is themed (以以為為題題)around memories from our lives. There are also styles to remind me of Muma tiny chair which used to be in her bedroom is set in one room.Ahomely BlivelyCmotherly Dfriendly解析：解析：根據(jù)下文根據(jù)下文“each room is themed around memories from our lives.There are also styles to remind me of Muma tiny chair which used to be in her bedroom is set in one room.”可可知知，應(yīng)選應(yīng)選homely。其中。其中homely與與bedroom屬于同屬于同義同現(xiàn)。句意：我們想給我們的客人家的感覺義同現(xiàn)。句意：我們想給我們的客人家的感覺，所以每個房間都是以我們生活中的回憶為主題的。所以每個房間都是以我們生活中的回憶為主題的。答案：答案：A14The gentleman said no and told me that he needed to go to the nursing home to eat breakfast with his_.Now I realize that in marriages，true love is acceptance of all that is.Adaughter BwifeCmother Dsister解析：解析：根據(jù)下文根據(jù)下文“Now I realize that in marriages，true love is acceptance of all that is.”可可知。其中知。其中marriage與與wife屬于同義同現(xiàn)。屬于同義同現(xiàn)。答案：答案：B15I was on a bus one March evening.The driver didnt intend to start the bus soon because it was not yet full.A middleaged woman got on.Tired and sad，she told her story tearfully，not to anyone in particular.On her way to the station，half of her money was stolen.The other half was hidden under her blouse，so she fortunately still had some left.A few minutes later，she stopped crying，but still looked_Aunsatisfied BweakCunhappy Dexcited解析：解析：根據(jù)上文表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞根據(jù)上文表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but和前面和前面的的“Tired and sad，she told her story tearfully”及下文的副詞及下文的副詞still可知可知，她不哭了但是仍然看上去她不哭了但是仍然看上去不高興不高興(unhappy)。其中。其中unhappy與與sad，tearfully屬于同義同現(xiàn)。屬于同義同現(xiàn)。答案：答案：C (二二)利用詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)法完成下列各題利用詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)法完成下列各題。1Tales of the supernatural are common in all parts of Britain.In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies(仙女仙女)Not all of these _are the friendly, peopleloving characters that appear in Disney films, and.Ababies BbelieversCfairies Dsupermen解析：解析：根據(jù)前句根據(jù)前句“there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies”可知選可知選C，屬原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。屬原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。答案：答案：C 2There were many ways to prevent this from happening: hanging a knife over the babys head while he slept or covering him with some of his fathers clothes were just two of the recommended _Acases BtoolsCsteps Dmethods解析：解析：根據(jù)前面的根據(jù)前面的“There were many ways to.”和和“two of the .”可知選可知選D。methods與與ways是同義是同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。答案：答案：D 3After doing a little research, I found this type of technology already available in English to consumers via a relatively inexpensive application called Face Code.The_requires the use of a webcam to recognize and log PC users into their systems.Aaccount BconsumerCdesigner Dsoftware解析：解析：D與與application(應(yīng)用軟件應(yīng)用軟件)同義的是同義的是software，故選故選D。答案：答案：D 4Wouldnt it be great if we didnt have to remember passwords(密碼密碼)ever again? If we could just sit in front of our computers and be automatically logged in(登錄登錄)? Crave mentions how NEC Soft Biode Logon system uses face recognition(識別識別)technology to log you on to Windows, rather than using a_Aface BpasswordCsoftware Dsystem解析：解析：B與前面與前面“didnt have to remember passwords ever again”中的中的passwords原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。答案：答案：B 5Grasslands need time to recover when cattle and other animals feed on them.Moving animals from one field to another can provide the_needed for new growth.Acattle BtimeCspace Dhelp解析：解析：B與前文與前文“Grasslands need time to recover”中的中的time原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。答案：答案：B 6On 27 February 2008, something unusual happened in Britain; there was a rather large earthquake.It was the_UK earthquake in 25 years.Abiggest BloudestCdeadliest Dscariest解析：解析：A與前文與前文“there was a rather large earthquake”中的中的large近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。答案：答案：A 7Most people believe they dont have much imagination.They are wrong.Everyone has_but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to make use of it.Acreativity BmemoryCimagination Dlimitation解析：解析：C與前文與前文“believe they dont have much imagination”中的中的imagination原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。答案：答案：C 8When he arrived at his fathers house, he was told that his father had been in hospital for a week.He was about to leave for (去，前往去，前往) the_when he saw.Acity BhospitalCfactory Duniversity解析：解析：B與前文與前文“his father had been in hospital for a week”中的中的hospital原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。答案：答案：B 9Once adults understand what children are communicating through their behavior, they can respond better.When children feel respected and have their needs met, there is no longer a reason to use challenging_to communicate.Aaction BlanguageCgesture Dbehavior解析：解析：前句說前句說“成年人一旦懂得小孩通過行成年人一旦懂得小孩通過行為要表達(dá)的意思為要表達(dá)的意思，就會作出更好的應(yīng)對就會作出更好的應(yīng)對”。本句。本句意為意為“當(dāng)孩子感覺得到尊重和滿足需求時當(dāng)孩子感覺得到尊重和滿足需求時，他們，他們就不再用挑戰(zhàn)性的行為就不再用挑戰(zhàn)性的行為來交流了來交流了”。behavior是原是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。答案：答案：D 10We went into a big shop, but Tony was very particular about _Although I tried to show him toy after toy, he was not to be pleased.Asweets BtoysCclothes Dbooks解析：解析：B與后面的與后面的toy屬于同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。屬于同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。be particular about“對對很挑剔很挑剔”。答案：答案：B 11Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the students.If a long reading assignment is given, the instructors expect students to be familiar with the information in the reading.When research is_， the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance.Acollected BassignedCdistributed Dfinished解析：解析：作者通過兩個例子說明作者通過兩個例子說明，應(yīng)該由學(xué)生應(yīng)該由學(xué)生負(fù)責(zé)自己的學(xué)習(xí)。說明布置閱讀作業(yè)時要求學(xué)生負(fù)責(zé)自己的學(xué)習(xí)。說明布置閱讀作業(yè)時要求學(xué)生如何；布置研究作業(yè)時又該要求學(xué)生如何。如何；布置研究作業(yè)時又該要求學(xué)生如何。assigned與與assignment是同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。是同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。答案：答案：B12Other times, he would join student groups to discuss a variety of _： agriculture, diving and mathematics.Aquestions BsubjectsCmatters Dcontents解析：解析：根據(jù)上下義復(fù)現(xiàn)原則根據(jù)上下義復(fù)現(xiàn)原則，冒號后是對上文冒號后是對上文的解釋。從解釋的內(nèi)容來看的解釋。從解釋的內(nèi)容來看，三者統(tǒng)一于一個概念三者統(tǒng)一于一個概念之下之下，即都屬即都屬subjects。故答案為。故答案為B。答案：答案：B13The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back doors，_who were getting off the bus should get off first, and students who were getting on should get on later.Aparents BstudentsCteachers Ddrivers解析：解析：B與下文的與下文的“and students who were getting on should get on.”的的students原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。答案：答案：B14When I first came to America，I noticed that a public building had two different doors and they had distinct functions.You have to push the door with the word“PUSH”to go out of the building and to pull the door with the word“PULL”to_the building.This was new to me，because we use the same door in South Korea.For quite a few times I failed to go out of a shopping centre and was embarrassed.Aenter BleaveCopen Dclose解析：解析：“You have to push the door with the wordPUSHto go out of the building”與與“to pull the door with the word PULLto _the building”形成對比形成對比，可判斷此空應(yīng)填與可判斷此空應(yīng)填與to go out of意義相反的意義相反的enter(進(jìn)入進(jìn)入)。其中。其中enter與與go out of屬于屬于反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。答案：答案：A15First of all，a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be easy to use.The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic(特征特征)determining comfort.Having a small hand and thick fingers，you may be comfortable with a thin pen.If you have a_hand and thicker fingers，you may prefer a fatter pen.The length of a pen can also influence comfort.A pen that is too long can easily feel topheavy and unstable.Astronger BweakerCsmaller Dlarger解析：解析：前文的前文的a thin pen與下文的與下文的a fatter pen形成對比形成對比，可知此空應(yīng)填與可知此空應(yīng)填與small相反的相反的larger，二者屬反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。二者屬反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。答案：答案：D