Unit 3Unit 3Science versus Science versus nature nature Module5重重 點點 單單 詞詞6、 辨析 habit， practice， custom(1)habit指個人的“習慣”，通常用于表示做事、 思考問題或行為舉止的不自覺的方式方法。He is in the habit of rising early. 他有早起的習慣。(2)practice 既可表示個人的也可表示社會的“習慣”，這種“習慣”從性質(zhì)上看是一種反復不斷的或是有選擇性的行為或者方法。重重 點點 單單 詞詞 practiceU指練習，操練；實施C慣例，舉例It is my usual practice to pay on the nail when going shopping. 購物時我習慣于當場付錢。Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。重重 點點 單單 詞詞(3)custom具有habit和practice的一切表示個人習 慣的含義，此外，custom 還包含這樣一層意思：長期而廣泛采用的行為或方法，即風俗習慣，按照某地區(qū)人們共同生活及其行為的準則或規(guī)范，它不僅有指導意義，而且具有必須遵循的意義。重重 點點 單單 詞詞Social customs vary greatly from country to country. 國與國之間的社會習俗有很大差異。Changing social conditions, however, are bringing changes in custom and law. 不過，社會的變化正在帶來習俗和法律的變化。重重 點點 單單 詞詞That proved to be my undoing, for I soon got back to my old bad habitof dozing off in front of the screen.On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat the normally accepted practice in many northern countries.From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behaviour.重重 點點 單單 詞詞7、 limit vt. 限制 be limited to (doing) 局限于(做)The noise of your radio must be limited to a level that we all can bear.你收音機的音量必須控制在我們大家都能忍受的范圍內(nèi)。The teacher limited our club to activities inside the schoolyard, which we all disagreed.老師把我們俱樂部的活動限于在校園內(nèi)，這一點我們都不同意。重重 點點 單單 詞詞limit n. 限制，局限within limit(s) 適當?shù)兀诜秶鷥?nèi)without limit 無限度地set a limit to 為設定一個界限There is a limit to 有限度重重 點點 單單 詞詞I will be willing to help, but within_limit. 我樂意適當?shù)貛湍?。Shall we set_a_limit_to the times you can be late for a term? 我們給你一個學期能遲到次數(shù)訂一個限度，好嗎？I will help as much as I can do, but there_is_a_limit_to what I can do. 我會盡力幫忙，但我能做的有限度。重重 點點 單單 詞詞 Considering the time limit, we shall limit our meeting _ three problems.A. to discuss B. to discussingC. discussing D. discussed B limit sth. to (doing) 局限于(做)重重 點點 短短 語語1、in general / generally speaking 一般來說，從整體上講Its true that he sometimes doesnt obey the rules, but in_general,_he is a promising boy. 他確實有時不守規(guī)矩，但從整體上來說，他是個很有前程的孩子。In_general,_the more expensive something is, the better the quality is. 一般來講，某件東西越貴，它的質(zhì)量就越好。重重 點點 短短 語語 英語中in + (抽象)名詞，常相當于該名詞的副詞意義的短語還有： in silence 安靜地； in comfort 舒服地； in particular 尤其； in public 公開地； in earnest 認真地。重重 點點 短短 語語2、praise sb. for 因而贊揚某人The Secretary of the United Nations praised China for its quick reaction in case of emergency. 聯(lián)合國秘書長表揚了中國在緊急情況下的快速反應。Newman was praised for his excellent performance in the game. 由于在比賽中表現(xiàn)出色，Newman 受到了表揚。重重 點點 短短 語語【注意】in praise of 贊揚，表揚They organized a class meeting in_praise_of his heroic deeds. 他們組織了一次班會以表揚他的英勇事跡。重重 點點 短短 語語 (1) 英語中for可以與許多詞連用，表示原因，“ 因 而 ” ， 如 ： t h a n k f o r , excusefor, forgivefor, apologize to sb. for, criticizefor, scoldfor (2) 英語中in + n. +of結(jié)構(gòu)的短語還有in honor of, in favor of, in need of, in want of, in celebration of等。重重 點點 短短 語語A school named “Qianqiu Middle School” has been set up _ the teacher, Tan Qianqiu, who lost his life in saving the students in the earthquake.A. in honor of B. in case ofC. in need of D. in favor of A 根據(jù)句子的意思可知，“千秋中學”是“為了紀念”在地震中為了保護學生而犧牲的譚千秋老師而建立的。重重 點點 短短 語語3、be in agreement with 與符合，和一致，同意On this point, I am in complete / entire agreement with you. 在這一點上我完全同意你的意見。Finally my parents nodded in agreement.最后我父母點頭同意了。The main verb has to be in agreement with the subject in person and number. 謂語動詞要在人稱和數(shù)方面和主語保持一致。重重 點點 短短 語語(1)與agreement連用的詞還有reach / come to / arrive at an agreement on 就達成協(xié)議； keep / break the agreement 遵守約定 / 毀約。(2)動詞agree的用法如下： agree that 認為，同意 agree to do 同意做重重 點點 短短 語語 agree with sb.s words / sth. 同意(某人的話)/相符，一致 agree to a plan / a proposal / the arrangement, etc. 同意計劃/建議/安排 agree on the time / date / place / price, etc. 在方面達成一致重重 點點 短短 語語We agree that the article is worth reading. 我們認為這篇文章值得一讀。The boss agreed_to raise the workers pay by 5%. 老板同意給工人漲5%的工資。Generally I agree_with you, but not everything. 大體上我同意你說的，但并不是每一點都同意。重重 點點 短短 語語The boss agreed_to_the_terms under the pressure of the workers. 在工人的壓力下，老板同意了這些條款。This is the point on which I dont agree. 我不同意這一點。(3) disagree / disagreement為agree / agreement的反義詞，意為“不同意”。重重 點點 短短 語語 I dont think they will agree _ you _ this point.A. with； to B. to； onC. with； on D. on； with C 根據(jù)句子的意思可知，第一空“同意某人(的觀點)等”；第二空“在某一點上達成一致”。重重 點點 短短 語語4、turn out結(jié)果是，證明是，原來是；制造，生產(chǎn)【注意】該詞屬于系動詞系列，一般沒有被動語態(tài)，也不用于進行時態(tài)。It turned out that he had never been there. 原來他根本就沒去過那里。The committee found that all the accusations turned_out_(to_be)_false. 委員會發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的指控竟然都是假的。重重 點點 短短 語語(1) turn的詞性、詞義及構(gòu)成能力都十分強，請注意以下詞組句型中turn 的詞性詞義： turn red / grey / green / angry / brave, etc. turn to sb. for help, turn on / off / up / down, turn over, turn inside out, take turns to do / do in turn / doby turns / it is ones turn to do等。(2) 常見的行為動詞有系動詞用法的還有：prove, remain, appear, seem, look, sound, taste, smell, feel, grow, stand, lie, sit等。重重 點點 短短 語語He _ to come but he _ yet. I wonder what has happened to him.A. had promised; hasnt turned upB. promised; hasnt turned inC. promised; hasnt turned upD. had promised; didnt turn up C 第一空說明“曾經(jīng)答應過”，用過去時；第二空表示“到目前為止還未出現(xiàn)”用現(xiàn)在完成時，turn up在這里表示“露面、到來”。重重 點點 短短 語語The problems discussed at the meeting _ unsolved.A. were remained B. have remainedC. are remaining D. remain D 根據(jù)句子的意思可知，“會上討論的問題仍然未得到解決”，其中remain為系動詞，表示“仍然是，還是”。重重 點點 短短 語語5、on the / ones way to (doing) 在路上，即將Look at Ronnie. Hes on the way to getting his boss mad again. 你瞧瞧Ronnie，他又要惹老板生氣了。We are warned that a hurricane is on_the_way. 我們得到警報，一場颶風正刮過來。重重 點點 短短 語語in a way 在某種程度上by the way 順便說一說，提一提in no way 決不by way of 經(jīng)由，取道in this / that way 以這 / 那種方式in the way 礙事，擋道重重 點點 短短 語語He claimed that _ would he give up the chance to compete with the top opponents.A. on the way B. in a wayC. in no way D. in this way C 根據(jù)空格后的倒裝可以看出這時需要用否定詞，in no way表示“決不”。疑疑 難難 句句 型型1、on the one hand， on the other hand 一方面，另一方面。常用來陳述相反的兩種意見或情況。On the one hand, some people believe in the existence of the monster. On the other hand, there is still no proof.一方面，一些人相信有怪物存在，另一方面，又沒有證據(jù)。疑疑 難難 句句 型型 英語中用來表示意見不同或相對時，常用： however, on the contrary, while, as a contrast, whereas等。疑疑 難難 句句 型型I would like a job which pays more, but _ I enjoy the work Im doing at the moment.A. for another thing B. in other wordsC. however D. on the other hand D 這里是兩種相對立的情況。A項用于for one thing, for another (thing) “其一，其二”，表示遞進關系；B項的意思是“換句話說”；而C項不與but連用。疑疑 難難 句句 型型一方面我想和他一起去看電影，而另一方面我又不得不待在家里照看妹妹。（漢譯英）On the one hand, I would like to go to the cinema with him, but on the other hand, I have to stay at home to look after my sister.疑疑 難難 句句 型型2、We could produce a monster, or even a superhuman race that could one day end up replacing us. 我們可能會制造出一個怪物，甚至是一個最終有一天會取代我們?nèi)祟惖某祟愇锓N。 end up 以告終，后可接現(xiàn)在分詞。疑疑 難難 句句 型型You can end up running the company if you play your cards right. 如果你處理得當，到頭來你能當上公司老總。10% of the forest animals will end_up_shot by humans. 百分之十的森林動物最終會被人類槍殺。If you waste your money like this, you will end in debt. 如果你總是這么揮霍，你會背上一身債的。He ended_up_as_a_postman. 他最終做了個郵遞員。疑疑 難難 句句 型型The expedition to the Indian Ocean, hoping to find some new lands, _ in disaster.A. was ended B. was ended upC. ended up D. ended C 這里表示“以告終”，且end up 一般不用于被動語態(tài)。疑疑 難難 句句 型型3、 To conclude, I urge you to seek the opinions of the people of the UK on this matter so we can end this immoral practice immediately. 總之，我強烈建議你們?nèi)チ私庖幌掠妼@件事的看法，這樣我們能立刻結(jié)束這種不道德的做法。 (1) conclude vi. & vt. 總結(jié)，下結(jié)論，結(jié)束The doctors concluded that this was a new disease. 醫(yī)生們得出結(jié)論，這是一種新病例。疑疑 難難 句句 型型 (1) conclusion n. 結(jié)論 come to / arrive to / draw / reach a conclusion 得出結(jié)論 (2) 用來對前文進行總結(jié)的詞除了to conclude外還有to sum up, to summarize, in a word, in one word, in summary, in conclusion, all in all, in brief等。疑疑 難難 句句 型型After a long discussion, they at last _ a conclusion that the experiment should be continued.A. made B. formedC. discovered D. drew D draw a conclusion 得出結(jié)論。疑疑 難難 句句 型型(2) urge sb. to do 督促某人做，力勸某人做Her father urged her to study physics. 她爸爸強烈地建議她學物理。He urged me to work on, but I refused because I was too tired. 他勸我繼續(xù)工作，但我拒絕了，因為我太累了。My best friend urged that I(should)_apply_for the job. 我最好的朋友建議我申請這份工作。疑疑 難難 句句 型型 urge sb. to do / into doing 督促某人做 urge sb. not to do / out of doing 力勸某人不做 類似的詞還有：persuade sb. to do / into doingpersuade sb. not to do / out of doingreason sb. to do / into doingreason sb. not to do / out of doing urge n. 強烈的欲望，迫切的要求 urgent adj.緊急的，催促的疑疑 難難 句句 型型4、 Not everything that is best for nature is good for people. 并非所有對自然有益的東西都對人類有益.not every / everynot也是部分否定句型，表示“并非每個都”。Not every film directed by Zhang Yimou is interesting.Every film directed by Zhang Yimou is not interesting. 并非張藝謀導演的每一部電影都有趣。 此外，not all / allnot 并非所有的都，構(gòu)成部分否定句式。疑疑 難難 句句 型型Not all the students will go to the movies tonight. / All the students will not go to the movies tonight. 并非所有的學生今晚都去看電影。 同時，not both / bothnot也是部分否定句型，表示“并非兩者都”。Not both of your answers are right. / Both of your answers are not right. 并非你的兩個答案都正確。疑疑 難難 句句 型型 如果要表示全部否定，則常用以下句型：none of， no one / nobody / nothing，或neither疑疑 難難 句句 型型并非每個女孩都愛漂亮的衣服。 Not all the girls like beautiful clothes.我們沒有足夠的書給每一個人，有些人將共用。 We havent enough books for everybody; some of them will have to share.