第二章第二章 詞詞 類類第五節(jié)第五節(jié) 形容詞和副詞形容詞和副詞 知識梳理知識梳理一、形容詞1.形容詞是主要用來修飾名詞的詞，表示人或事物的性質、狀態(tài)、特征或程度好壞等。2.形容詞可以直接修飾名詞，表示“的”。如：a good student,a busy bee3. 形容詞也可以放在句末。 如：That girl is smart.二、副詞1.副詞是用來修飾動詞、形容詞或全句的詞，表示時間、地點、程度、方式等概念。2.副詞表示動作是“地”，一般放在動詞之后。如：The girls sing happily. Joe draws very well.【注】在be，feel，smell，taste，get，become，sound，look，turn等連系動詞之后，應該用形容詞而不是副詞。如：I feel sad when I see the film. It sounds good. You look terrible. Whats the matter? Leaves turn yellow in autumn. The food tastes delicious. 三、形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則1.大部分形容詞在其詞尾直接加ly變成副詞。如：realreally， quietquietly， helpfulhelpfully，slowslowly， carefulcarefully，quickquickly【注】此類以ly 結尾的形容詞變比較級時，在前面加 more 2.以輔音字母加y結尾的形容詞要變y為i，然后再加ly變成副詞。如： busybusily，easyeasily3.某些以輔音字母加不發(fā)音的字母e結尾和以ue結尾的形容詞要先去掉e，然后再加y或ly變成副詞。 如： gentlegently ， truetruly 【注】(1)部分名詞加ly變成副詞。如： partpartly (部分地)(2)并不是所有以ly結尾的詞都是副詞，有的名詞加ly是形容詞。如：friendfriendly(友好的)， mothermotherly(母親般的)， fatherfatherly(父親般的)， sistersisterly(姐妹般的)， brotherbrotherly(兄弟般的)， lovelovely(可愛的)，daydaily(每日的)(3)有些名詞加y變成形容詞。若名詞以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾且詞尾只有一個輔音字母，需雙寫該輔音字母再加y。如：rainrainy，snowsnowy，cloudcloudy，windwindy，fogfoggy，sunsunny，saltsalty，lucklucky，healthhealthy四、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞都有等級的變化，表示“更”或“最”。1. 形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級的變化規(guī)則(1) 規(guī)則變化續(xù)表(2) 不規(guī)則變化【注】形容詞最高級前一般要加the。 2. 形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級的用法(1) 比較級常用于兩者之間的比較，一般結構為：主語謂語形容詞或副詞的比較級than其他。同時，在比較級前可以用much，rather，a little，even等表示程度的副詞修飾。如：She is taller than me. He runs faster than Tom. This house is much bigger than that one. Lily is a little thinner than Lucy.(2) 形容詞比較級and形容詞比較級，表示“越來越”。如：It is getting hotter and hotter. (3) the形容詞比較級，the形容詞比較級，表示“越就越”。如：The more， the better. 越多越好。(4)最高級用于三者或三者以上的人或物的比較，表示人或物在某個范圍內“最”。如：Jack is the cleverest in the class. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.【注】(1)形容詞和副詞的原級可以用“as形容詞或副詞的原級as”結構對兩者進行比較，表示“和一樣”。其否定形式為“not as/so形容詞或副詞的原級as”，表示“不如/沒有”。如：Lily is as old as Lucy. Tom is not as/so clever as Jim. (2)副詞的最高級前面的the 可以省略。如：She is the best singer in our school. She sings (the) best. 考點精析考點精析考點考點1 考查形容詞、副詞的詞形變換考查形容詞、副詞的詞形變換【例1】請仔細觀察下面左排的單詞，根據(jù)其變化規(guī)則寫出右排所缺的單詞。1. bigbigger hot2. newold early3. goodbest much4. happyhappily easy解析：此類題考查形容詞和副詞的變換形式，涉及形容詞、副詞間的轉換及其比較級、最高級、反義詞等。答案：1. hotter2. late3. most4. easily 舉一反三 1. 寫出下列單詞的比較級和最高級。 (1) late (2) thin (3) easy (4) useful 2. 根據(jù)畫線的形容詞判斷下列句子的說法是否正確，正確的在括號里打“”，錯誤的打“”。 (1) The days are longer in summer than in winter.( ) (2) The elephants are the biggest animals in the world.( ) (3) Watching too much TV is always bad for children.( ) the most usefullaterlatestthinnerthinnesteasiereasiestmore useful考點考點2 考查形容詞、副詞的用法考查形容詞、副詞的用法【例2】選擇合適的單詞填空。Yao Ming is a basketball player. He plays basketball. 解析：good 是形容詞，well是副詞。形容詞修飾名詞， 放在名詞之前；副詞放在動詞之后，也起修飾作用。 答案：good；well【例3】在橫線上寫出畫線單詞的反義詞。Is the box light or ？ 解析：選擇疑問句的選項是一組反義詞，light 在此意為“輕的”，故其反義詞為“heavy”。答案： heavy舉一反三 1. 在橫線上寫出畫線單詞的反義詞。 (1)The days are long in summer and the nights are . (2)The dictionary is thick， but the exercise book is . (3)It is cold in winter but its very in summer. 2. 選詞填空。 (1)She is a girl. (2)My book is than yours. (3)How the rain is！ (4)Can you give me a answer？ shortthinhotlovelynewerheavycleverer考點考點3 考查形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級的用法考查形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級的用法【例4】用所給單詞的適當形式填空。Amy sings .Sarah sings than Amy.Chen Jie sings in our school. (well)解析：此題考查副詞比較等級的用法。第一句話陳述一般性事實，沒有相互之間的比較。因而用副詞原級well修飾動詞sing。第二句有than這個比較級標志，此句空格上應填well的比較級better來修飾動詞sing。第三句中有表范圍的介詞in our school，此句修飾sing的副詞應是well的最高級best。答案：well；better；best【例5】請將下面的兩句話合并成一句。Im 11 years old. My sister is 8 years old. 解析： 此題中的兩個句子給出的是一組對比關系，所以，可以用比較級句式將其組合成一句話。 答案： Im 3 years older than my sister./My sister is 3 years younger than me.舉一反三1. 單項填空。( )(1) Of all my family members, my brother is. A. tall B. tallerC. the tallest( )(2) Now Bob is than he was. A. more careful B. much careful C. more carefully( )(3)The food smells . You cant eat it. A. delicious B. bad C. badlyCAB 2. 按要求改寫句子，使句意不變。 (1) Im 135 cm tall. My sister is 135 cm tall, too. (用同級表達) (2) Tom is 13 years old. Jim is 14 years old. (用比較級表達)Im as tall as my sister. /My sister is as tall as me.Tom is 1 year younger than Jim. /Jim is 1 year older than Tom.過關檢測過關檢測一、寫出下列形容詞或副詞的比較級和最高級（省略the）。1. long _ _ 2. heavy _ _3. wide _ _ 4. brightly _ _5. fat _ _ 6. lovely _ _7. early _ _ 8. fast _ _9. slow _ _ 10. interesting_ _longerlongestheavierheaviestwiderwidestmore brightlymost brightlyfatterfattestmore lovelymost lovelyearlierearliestfasterfastestslowerslowestmore interestingmost interesting11. much _ _ 12. hot _ _13. many _ _ 14. young _ _15. strong _ _ 16. short _ _17. well _ _18. good _ _19. thin _ _20. bad _ _moremosthotterhottestmoremostyoungeryoungeststrongerstrongestshortershortestbetterbestbetterbestthinnerthinnestworseworst二、同義句轉換。 1. Peter is taller than any other boys in his class. Peter is _ all the boys in his class. 2. Sarah has big schoolbag than mine. My schoolbag is_ than Sarahs. 3. He is 140 cm tall,his sister is 140 cm,too. His sister is _ him. 4. Her dress is much cheaper than mine. My dress is _ than hers.the tallest ofsmalleras tall asmore expensive三、用所給單詞的適當形式填空。 1. Lucy is _ (thin) than her friend. 2. Winter is the _ (cold) season of the year. 3. The _ (cheap) bags are usually not the best ones. 4. It smells _ (terrible). 5. Dick is _ at music. And he also does _ in sports.(well) 6. Things are getting _ and _.(bad) 7. Which is _ (heavy), the elephant or the tiger? 8. I eat _ (much) food than you.thinnercoldestcheapestterriblegoodwellworseworseheaviermore四、在橫線上寫出畫線單詞的反義詞。 1. There isnt much tea in the bottle. There is _. 2. The desks arent dirty. They are _. 3. Is he right or _? 4. The small box is full of toys, but the big one is _. 5. Marys coat is cheap, but her shoes are so _.五、單項填空。 ( )1. This park is_ than that one. A. large B. larger C. largest ( )2. Mike jumps _ than Mary. A. more high B. more higher C. much higher ( )3. My father is_ than my uncle. A. old B. older C. oldest ( )4. The desk is _ , and the table is _. A. big; bigger B. bigger; bigger C. big; biggestlittlecleanwrongemptyexpensiveBCBA( )5. Jenny sang the song_.A.happy B. happiness C. happily( )6. The school is _ newer than that one.A. much B. many C. more( )7. You can see the hospital_ .A. easily B. easy C. more easy( )8. Of all my friends, Kate is _ one.A. tall B. taller C. the tallest( )9. She can do it _ me.A. as good as B. as well as C. so good as( ) 10. The joke is _ funny. A. more B. so C. asCAACBB六、按要求完成下列句子。 1. 這本書跟那本書一樣有用。（漢譯英） This book is _ _ _ that one. 2. 今天比昨天熱得多。（漢譯英） It is _ _ today _ it was yesterday. 3. Sarah 是我們班最矮的學生。(漢譯英） _ 4I am 50 kg heavy. Sue is 50 kg heavy, too. (兩句話合并為一句話) _ 5 The blue box is 5 kg. The white box is 6 kg. The black box is 7 kg. (三句話合并為一句話) _ _asusefulasmuchhotterthanSarah is the shortest student in our class.I am as heavy as Sue./Sue is as heavy as me.The black box is the heaviest of the three. /The blue box is the lightest of the three. 1. Amy is 3 _ _ than Susan. 2. John is 158 cm. He is _ than Amy. But he is _ than Susan. 3. How _ is Susan? She is _ cm. 4. John is _ kg _ than Amy. 5. Amy is _ than John，but she is _ than Susan.yearsyoungertallershortertall1599heavierolderyounger七、根據(jù)下面表格中的信息補全句子。