第二部分第二部分 語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)突破語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)突破第十一講特殊句式和主謂一致第十一講特殊句式和主謂一致一、倒裝一、倒裝種類種類倒裝條件倒裝條件例句例句全部全部倒裝倒裝(1)表示方式或方位的副詞表示方式或方位的副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)，如或介詞短語(yǔ)，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，on the wall，under the tree等置于句首，且主語(yǔ)是名詞等置于句首，且主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)。時(shí)。Hearing the dog barking fiercely，away fled the thief.注意注意上述情況中，上述情況中，若主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，若主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，則不用倒裝。則不用倒裝。Away they went.(2)代詞代詞such放在句首，且放在句首，且在句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。在句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。Such are the facts；no one can deny them.種類種類倒裝條件倒裝條件例句例句全部全部倒裝倒裝部分部分倒裝倒裝(3)為平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)或使為平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)或使上下文銜接緊密上下文銜接緊密,常將作常將作表語(yǔ)的形容詞、副詞、分表語(yǔ)的形容詞、副詞、分詞或介詞短語(yǔ)提到句首詞或介詞短語(yǔ)提到句首,引起全部倒裝。引起全部倒裝。Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.Hanging on the wall is a beautiful picture.(1)only修飾副詞、介詞修飾副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句，且放短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句，且放在句首時(shí)。在句首時(shí)。Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.Only then did I know the importance of learning.種類種類倒裝條件倒裝條件例句例句部分部分倒裝倒裝(2)含有否定意義的副詞或詞含有否定意義的副詞或詞組組(never，seldom, little, hardly, by no means, not until等等)位于句首時(shí)。位于句首時(shí)。(2012高考江西卷高考江西卷)Never before has she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.(3)hardly. when, no sooner. than, not only. but(also).等引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，若等引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，若hardly, no sooner, not only位位于句首，前一個(gè)分句用部分于句首，前一個(gè)分句用部分倒裝，后一個(gè)分句不變。倒裝，后一個(gè)分句不變。Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.Not only was the coat soft，but it was also warm.種類種類倒裝條件倒裝條件例句例句部分部分倒裝倒裝(4)so/neither/nor置于句首置于句首,意為意為“也也”或或“也不也不”，表示前面所說(shuō)的情況也適表示前面所說(shuō)的情況也適用于另一個(gè)人或事物時(shí)。用于另一個(gè)人或事物時(shí)。He is a doctor.So is his wife.Lily cant ride，neither/nor can Lucy.(5)so/such.that.句型中，句型中，當(dāng)當(dāng)suchn.或或soadj./adv.位于句首時(shí)，主句部分倒位于句首時(shí)，主句部分倒裝，裝，that從句不倒裝。從句不倒裝。So small was the market that I could hardly see it.So carelessly did the drive that he almost killed himself.種類種類倒裝條件倒裝條件例句例句部分部分倒裝倒裝(6)though/as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，意為時(shí)，意為“盡管盡管”，通常把句，通常把句中狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞提前；若中狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞提前；若表語(yǔ)是名詞，其前不用冠詞。表語(yǔ)是名詞，其前不用冠詞。常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)：狀語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)：狀語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)/動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞though/as主謂結(jié)構(gòu)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)Try as he would, he might fail again.Unsatisfied though he was with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.(7)當(dāng)當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件從句中引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件從句中含有含有had, were或或should等時(shí)，等時(shí)，如將如將if省略，則要將省略，則要將had, were或或should等移到主語(yǔ)之前。等移到主語(yǔ)之前。Had I attended the meeting，I would have met Jim.1(2013高考福建卷高考福建卷)Not until he went through real hardship _the love we have for our families is important.Ahad he realizedBdid he realize Che realizedDhe had realized解析：考查倒裝和動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：直到他經(jīng)歷了真正的解析：考查倒裝和動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：直到他經(jīng)歷了真正的困難，他才意識(shí)到我們對(duì)家人的愛(ài)的重要性。由題干中句首困難，他才意識(shí)到我們對(duì)家人的愛(ài)的重要性。由題干中句首的關(guān)鍵信息的關(guān)鍵信息Not until可知此處要用部分倒裝，排除可知此處要用部分倒裝，排除C、D兩項(xiàng)兩項(xiàng);而而A項(xiàng)用了過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示項(xiàng)用了過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示“realize表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句謂語(yǔ)句謂語(yǔ)went through表示的動(dòng)作之前表示的動(dòng)作之前”，這顯然不合邏輯，這顯然不合邏輯，所以排除所以排除A項(xiàng)；而項(xiàng)；而B(niǎo)項(xiàng)無(wú)論從語(yǔ)序還是從時(shí)態(tài)上講，都是非常項(xiàng)無(wú)論從語(yǔ)序還是從時(shí)態(tài)上講，都是非常正確的。正確的。B2(2013高考湖南卷高考湖南卷)Not once_to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.Aoccurred itBit did occurCit occurredDdid it occur解析：句意：邁克爾成為班里的第一名這樣的情況一次也沒(méi)解析：句意：邁克爾成為班里的第一名這樣的情況一次也沒(méi)有發(fā)生過(guò)。否定副詞有發(fā)生過(guò)。否定副詞not置于句首用于強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，句子要用部分置于句首用于強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，句子要用部分倒裝，故答案為倒裝，故答案為D。解答這類題目需要了解用于倒裝的各種。解答這類題目需要了解用于倒裝的各種前提，準(zhǔn)確理解句子含義。前提，準(zhǔn)確理解句子含義。D3.(2013高考江西卷高考江西卷)Only when he apologizes for his rudeness_to him again.AI will speakBwill I speakCdo I speakDI speak解析：句意：只有他為他的粗魯?shù)狼笗r(shí)解析：句意：只有他為他的粗魯?shù)狼笗r(shí),我才會(huì)再跟他講話。我才會(huì)再跟他講話。only時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句放在句首時(shí)，句子要部分倒裝。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句放在句首時(shí)，句子要部分倒裝。will表示表示愿意做某事。愿意做某事。B二、強(qiáng)調(diào)句二、強(qiáng)調(diào)句強(qiáng)調(diào)句強(qiáng)調(diào)句(1)It is/was.that/who可以對(duì)除謂語(yǔ)以外的可以對(duì)除謂語(yǔ)以外的成分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。當(dāng)強(qiáng)成分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為調(diào)部分為“人人”時(shí)，時(shí)，可用可用that或或who，其他，其他情況下用情況下用that。(2013高考大綱全國(guó)卷高考大綱全國(guó)卷)It was only after he had read the papers that Mr.Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)句句(2)一般疑問(wèn)句：一般疑問(wèn)句：Is/Wasit.that/who.?特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞is/wasitthat who.？The patient looks much better.What is it that has made him what he is today?Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down？(3)“not.until.”句型句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句：的強(qiáng)調(diào)句：It is /was not until.that.(2012高考湖南卷高考湖南卷)It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞溫溫馨馨提提示示do/does/did動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形(只用于肯定句，并且只只用于肯定句，并且只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)有現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí))I do hope you can take my plan into consideration.He did write to you last night.如何判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句型如何判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句型判斷一個(gè)句子是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，最簡(jiǎn)單的方法是判斷一個(gè)句子是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，最簡(jiǎn)單的方法是“還原法還原法”，即去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型的特有結(jié)構(gòu)，即去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型的特有結(jié)構(gòu)It is/was.that/who.，若去掉這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)后句子仍然成立，若去掉這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)后句子仍然成立，就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，否則，為其他句型。試比較：就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，否則，為其他句型。試比較：It was at 6 oclock that I got up today.It was 6 oclock when I got up today.It was two years ago that I began to learn English.It was two years since I began to learn English.1(2013高考天津卷高考天津卷)It was not until near the end of the letter _ she mentioned her own plan.AthatBwhere Cwhy Dwhen解析：考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：解析：考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that其他其他部分。句意為部分。句意為“直到快寫(xiě)到信的結(jié)尾的時(shí)候，她才提到了自直到快寫(xiě)到信的結(jié)尾的時(shí)候，她才提到了自己的計(jì)劃己的計(jì)劃”。句中被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。句中被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)not until near the end of the letter。A2(2013高考重慶卷高考重慶卷)It was with the help of the local guide_the mountain climber was rescued.AwhoBthatCwhenDhow解析：句意：正是在當(dāng)?shù)貙?dǎo)游的幫助下那位爬山者獲救了。解析：句意：正是在當(dāng)?shù)貙?dǎo)游的幫助下那位爬山者獲救了。這是一個(gè)這是一個(gè)It is/was.that.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。判斷的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是：把強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。判斷的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是：把It is/was和和that去掉，然后調(diào)整句子的順序看句子是否成立。去掉，然后調(diào)整句子的順序看句子是否成立。如果成立，就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，反之則不是。而本題將如果成立，就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，反之則不是。而本題將It was和和that去掉并調(diào)整順序后為去掉并調(diào)整順序后為“The mountain climber was rescued with the help of the local guide.”，句子完整無(wú)，句子完整無(wú)缺，因此是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，所以答案為缺，因此是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，所以答案為B。B三、省略三、省略狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句從句當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致和主句的主語(yǔ)一致或從句的主語(yǔ)為或從句的主語(yǔ)為it且從句中有且從句中有be動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以省略狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)和從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞。(2014蕪湖一中高三模擬蕪湖一中高三模擬)Every day after I went home, if not tired from work, I will go out for a walk with my wife.(2013高考天津卷高考天津卷)Although small，the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句從句“替代性替代性”省略：省略：not與與be afraid, hope, think, believe, suppose, expect等連用，代替否定的賓語(yǔ)等連用，代替否定的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句，so代替肯定的賓語(yǔ)從句，代替肯定的賓語(yǔ)從句，但表示否定意義時(shí)，但表示否定意義時(shí)，hope與與be afraid只用只用I hope/am afraid not的形式，而的形式，而think, believe, suppose等有兩種形式，即：等有兩種形式，即：I think/believe/suppose not和和I dont think/believe/suppose so.Do you think it will rain?I hope not/so.Do they mind you smoking there?I dont think so/I think not.動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞不定不定式式不定不定式符式符號(hào)號(hào)to的省的省略略(1)感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞(如如feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, let, make, have等等)后接不定后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)省略式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)省略to,但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不能但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不能省略省略(let除外除外)。I heard someone sing in the next room.My mother wouldnt let me go to see the film.(2)在在do nothing but do, cant help but do, why not do, would rather do. than do.，prefer to do. rather than do.等句型中省略等句型中省略to。I would prefer to swim rather than play football.動(dòng)動(dòng)詞詞不不定定式式不定不定式的式的省略省略(1)使用不定式符號(hào)使用不定式符號(hào)to來(lái)代替不定式來(lái)代替不定式后被省略的動(dòng)詞，常在后被省略的動(dòng)詞，常在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like，love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want，wish等的后邊。等的后邊。I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to.(2)在某些形容詞如在某些形容詞如glad，happy，pleased，delighted等后面使用不定式符號(hào)等后面使用不定式符號(hào)to來(lái)代替省略的動(dòng)詞。來(lái)代替省略的動(dòng)詞。Will you join in the game?Id be glad to.(3)如果不定式中含有如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留通常保留be, have和和have been。Are you a sailor?No, but I used to be.1(2013高考江西卷高考江西卷)If_to look after luggage for someone else，inform the police at once.AaskedBto askCasking Dhaving asked解析：句意：如果被要求為他人照看行李，請(qǐng)立即通知警察。解析：句意：如果被要求為他人照看行李，請(qǐng)立即通知警察。主句為祈使句，省略了主語(yǔ)主句為祈使句，省略了主語(yǔ)you，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，條件狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，條件狀語(yǔ)從句中從句中ask與與you之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故選之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故選A項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。A2(2013高考新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷高考新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police_.Anot to do Bnot toCnot do Ddo notB解析：考查動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)解析：考查動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to的保留、不定式符號(hào)的保留、不定式符號(hào)to后面的后面的省略以及不定式的否定形式。句意省略以及不定式的否定形式。句意:那個(gè)司機(jī)想把他的小汽車那個(gè)司機(jī)想把他的小汽車停在路邊，但是警察讓他不要把車停在路邊。通過(guò)分析題干停在路邊，但是警察讓他不要把車停在路邊。通過(guò)分析題干,再結(jié)合句意可知，動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)再結(jié)合句意可知，動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to后面省略了后面省略了“park his car near the roadside”，全句補(bǔ)充完整是，全句補(bǔ)充完整是“The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside.”。在此種用法中可以只在句中保留不定式符號(hào)。在此種用法中可以只在句中保留不定式符號(hào)to，從而把與前面重復(fù)的內(nèi)容省略；動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是直從而把與前面重復(fù)的內(nèi)容省略；動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是直接在不定式符號(hào)接在不定式符號(hào)to的前面加上否定副詞的前面加上否定副詞not/never，故答案，故答案選選B項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。四、祈使句四、祈使句祈使句的謂語(yǔ)一律用動(dòng)詞原形，祈使句的謂語(yǔ)一律用動(dòng)詞原形，否定形式用否定形式用“dont動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”，強(qiáng)調(diào)形式在肯定式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前強(qiáng)調(diào)形式在肯定式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加加do，否定式在前加，否定式在前加never。(1)“祈使句祈使句and陳述句陳述句(一般一般將來(lái)時(shí)將來(lái)時(shí))(If.，主句，主句)”。它的。它的兩種特殊形式：兩種特殊形式：名詞詞組名詞詞組and陳述句陳述句(名詞名詞詞組中通常含有詞組中通常含有more, another, further, earlier等詞等詞)祈使句破折號(hào)陳述句祈使句破折號(hào)陳述句(2)祈使句祈使句or陳述句陳述句(If.not.，主句，主句)Dont be so sure.Do come on time this evening.Never come late！Work hard and you will succeed.Hurry up or we will be late.Just a little patience and well look it into soon.Try some of this juiceperhaps youll like it.1.(2013高考北京卷高考北京卷)Dont turn off the computer before closing all programs，_you could have problems.Aor BandCbut Dso解析：句意：在關(guān)掉所有的程序之前不要關(guān)電腦，要不然你解析：句意：在關(guān)掉所有的程序之前不要關(guān)電腦，要不然你會(huì)遇到問(wèn)題的。會(huì)遇到問(wèn)題的。or否則，要不然，表示一種否定的條件；否則，要不然，表示一種否定的條件；and連接表示順承的并列句；連接表示順承的并列句；but連接表示轉(zhuǎn)折的并列句；連接表示轉(zhuǎn)折的并列句；so連接表示因果的并列句。由語(yǔ)境可知正確答案為連接表示因果的并列句。由語(yǔ)境可知正確答案為A項(xiàng)。掌握并項(xiàng)。掌握并列連詞的用法以及前后分句的邏輯關(guān)系是解題關(guān)鍵。列連詞的用法以及前后分句的邏輯關(guān)系是解題關(guān)鍵。A2(2013高考四川卷高考四川卷)Read this story，_you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.Aor BandCbut Dso解析：本題四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都為常見(jiàn)連詞，解析：本題四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都為常見(jiàn)連詞，or否則，否則，and而且，而且，but但是，但是，so因此。題干的意思是：因此。題干的意思是：(如果你如果你)讀這個(gè)故事，你將讀這個(gè)故事，你將會(huì)意識(shí)到并不是一切東西都能用金錢買到。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可會(huì)意識(shí)到并不是一切東西都能用金錢買到。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知知,本題為本題為“祈使句祈使句and/or陳述句陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)，本句中前面的結(jié)構(gòu)，本句中前面的祈使句表示條件，后面的陳述句表示此條件下的結(jié)果，又由祈使句表示條件，后面的陳述句表示此條件下的結(jié)果，又由句意可知應(yīng)用連詞句意可知應(yīng)用連詞and。B3(2011高考遼寧卷高考遼寧卷)Bring the flowers into a warm room _ theyll soon open.Aor BandCbut Dfor解析：句意：把那些花搬進(jìn)一間暖房，它們很快就會(huì)開(kāi)花。解析：句意：把那些花搬進(jìn)一間暖房，它們很快就會(huì)開(kāi)花。本題考查本題考查“祈使句祈使句and簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句”這個(gè)特殊句型。該句型這個(gè)特殊句型。該句型中的祈使句相當(dāng)于中的祈使句相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。本句還可改為：引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。本句還可改為：If you bring the flowers into a warm room，theyll soon open.B五、反意疑問(wèn)句五、反意疑問(wèn)句如陳述部分為肯定形式，則簡(jiǎn)如陳述部分為肯定形式，則簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句為否定形式；如陳述部短問(wèn)句為否定形式；如陳述部分為否定形式，則簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句為分為否定形式，則簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句為肯定形式?？隙ㄐ问?。在復(fù)合句的反意疑問(wèn)句中，簡(jiǎn)在復(fù)合句的反意疑問(wèn)句中，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)要與主句短問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)要與主句的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)保持一致。的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)保持一致。陳述部分如含有陳述部分如含有never，hardly，scarcely，seldom，little，nobody，nothing等否定詞或等否定詞或半否定詞時(shí)，這部分應(yīng)視為否半否定詞時(shí)，這部分應(yīng)視為否定形式，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句要用肯定形定形式，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句要用肯定形式。式。It is a fine day，isnt it?He isnt a teacher，is he？It is the first time that you have come here，isnt it？He was hardly twelve then，was he？祈使句祈使句的反意的反意疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句(1)肯定的祈使句，簡(jiǎn)短肯定的祈使句，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句用問(wèn)句用will you/wont you；否定的祈使句，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句否定的祈使句，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句用用will you。Have a little more coffee，will you/wont you？(2)Lets.，shall we?Let us.，will you？Lets go out for a walk，shall we?Let us go home now，will you？陳述陳述部分部分含有含有must時(shí)時(shí)(1)當(dāng)當(dāng)must作作“必須必須”講講時(shí)，其反意疑問(wèn)句用時(shí)，其反意疑問(wèn)句用neednt；當(dāng)含有；當(dāng)含有mustnt時(shí)，其反意疑問(wèn)句用時(shí)，其反意疑問(wèn)句用must/may。You must go now，neednt you?You mustnt smoke here，must you？(2)當(dāng)當(dāng)must表示推測(cè)時(shí)，表示推測(cè)時(shí)，其反意疑問(wèn)句同去掉其反意疑問(wèn)句同去掉must還原之后的句子所還原之后的句子所使用的反意疑問(wèn)句。使用的反意疑問(wèn)句。You must be hungry now，arent you？Im sure yourre hungry now，arent you?She must have arrived yesterday，didnt she？Im sure she arrived yesterday，didnt she？溫溫馨馨提提示示反意疑問(wèn)句規(guī)則要牢記反意疑問(wèn)句規(guī)則要牢記(1)當(dāng)陳述部分為肯定式，反意疑問(wèn)部分為否定式時(shí)，當(dāng)陳述部分為肯定式，反意疑問(wèn)部分為否定式時(shí)，其回答一般不會(huì)造成困難，一般照實(shí)際情況回答即可：其回答一般不會(huì)造成困難，一般照實(shí)際情況回答即可：Its new，isnt it？是新的，對(duì)嗎？是新的，對(duì)嗎？Yes，it is.對(duì)，是新的。對(duì)，是新的。(2)當(dāng)陳述部分為否定式，反意疑問(wèn)部分為肯定式時(shí)，當(dāng)陳述部分為否定式，反意疑問(wèn)部分為肯定式時(shí)，其回答往往與漢語(yǔ)不一致，要特別注意：其回答往往與漢語(yǔ)不一致，要特別注意：Tom doesnt know it，does he?湯姆不知道這事，對(duì)吧？湯姆不知道這事，對(duì)吧？No，he doesnt./Yes，he does.對(duì)，他不知道。對(duì)，他不知道。/不，他知道。不，他知道。(3)如果陳述部分是如果陳述部分是I/We dont think/believe/suppose/imagine賓語(yǔ)從句，則簡(jiǎn)短賓語(yǔ)從句，則簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)要與賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)保持一致。問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)要與賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)保持一致。I dont think he is forty，is he？1.(2012高考江蘇卷高考江蘇卷)There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent，_？Ais there Bisnt thereCis he Disnt he解析：考查反意疑問(wèn)句?？崭袂暗牟糠譃橐粋€(gè)主從復(fù)合句，解析：考查反意疑問(wèn)句?？崭袂暗牟糠譃橐粋€(gè)主從復(fù)合句，主句為主句為there is little doubt，that引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句，修引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句，修飾飾doubt。反意疑問(wèn)部分應(yīng)該和主句一致。反意疑問(wèn)部分應(yīng)該和主句一致,C、D兩項(xiàng)可先排除。兩項(xiàng)可先排除。主句中有否定詞主句中有否定詞little，所以反意疑問(wèn)部分應(yīng)使用肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，所以反意疑問(wèn)部分應(yīng)使用肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，故選故選A。A2(2011高考重慶卷高考重慶卷)I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did，_？Acould he Bdidnt ICdidnt you Dcould they解析：句意：我告訴他們并不是每一個(gè)人都能跑得像你一樣解析：句意：我告訴他們并不是每一個(gè)人都能跑得像你一樣快，不是嗎？對(duì)于含賓語(yǔ)從句的反意疑問(wèn)句，其附加問(wèn)句?？?，不是嗎？對(duì)于含賓語(yǔ)從句的反意疑問(wèn)句，其附加問(wèn)句常與主句一致，又因主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)的肯定形式，故附加問(wèn)與主句一致，又因主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)的肯定形式，故附加問(wèn)句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的否定形式。句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的否定形式。B六、主謂一致六、主謂一致含含all，most，half，rest等等的名詞詞組作主語(yǔ)，所指的的名詞詞組作主語(yǔ)，所指的內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；反之，用單數(shù)。詞用復(fù)數(shù)；反之，用單數(shù)。在主謂倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在主謂倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。All of my classmates work hard.All of the water is up now.Between the two windows hangs a picture.用用and或或both.and連接并列主語(yǔ)，連接并列主語(yǔ)，其內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)的，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)其內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)的，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。若數(shù)。若and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)主語(yǔ)指連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)主語(yǔ)指同一人、同一物或同一概念，謂同一人、同一物或同一概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。主語(yǔ)后面接連接性短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)后面接連接性短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與主語(yǔ)的數(shù)保持一致。動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與主語(yǔ)的數(shù)保持一致。此類連接性短語(yǔ)有此類連接性短語(yǔ)有as well as，as much as，along with，with，like，rather than，together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等。等。The teacher and writer has already come to the meeting.Both my brother and my sister are workers.Your sister as well as your parents is very kind to me.She，like you and Betty，is very clever.以以or，either.or，neither.nor，not only.but also.等連接的名詞等連接的名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與就近的名詞或代詞一致。就近的名詞或代詞一致。lots of，plenty of，a great/large number of等以及分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)表示等以及分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)表示“許多許多”，后接可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)，后接可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。詞用復(fù)數(shù)。(large) quantities of修修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)；謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)；a(large)quantity of作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于后面的名詞。動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于后面的名詞。Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.Are not only you but also he wrong？There are large quantities of food in the shop.A number of students like English very much.the number of復(fù)數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)名詞，the amount of不可數(shù)名詞等構(gòu)成不可數(shù)名詞等構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。數(shù)。many a名詞單數(shù)，名詞單數(shù)，more than one名詞單數(shù)，名詞單數(shù)，“no/each/every/many a名詞單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)andno/each/every/many a名名詞單數(shù)詞單數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。數(shù)。當(dāng)其他名詞性從句或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)當(dāng)其他名詞性從句或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。形式。The amount of money spent on the project is great.Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers. More than one question was raised.What he said leaves much for us to think about.1(2013高考江蘇卷高考江蘇卷)Generally，students inner motivation with high expectations from others_essential to their development.Ais Bare Cwas Dwere解析：句意：一般說(shuō)來(lái)，別人對(duì)其期望值高的學(xué)生，他們的解析：句意：一般說(shuō)來(lái)，別人對(duì)其期望值高的學(xué)生，他們的內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī)對(duì)自身的發(fā)展是至關(guān)重要的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī)對(duì)自身的發(fā)展是至關(guān)重要的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句的主語(yǔ)部分為該句的主語(yǔ)部分為students inner motivation with high expectations from others，中心詞，中心詞inner motivation顯然顯然為第三人稱單數(shù)。再根據(jù)為第三人稱單數(shù)。再根據(jù)generally(一般說(shuō)來(lái)一般說(shuō)來(lái))判斷該句話講判斷該句話講的是通常情況，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。解答該類題目的關(guān)鍵在的是通常情況，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。解答該類題目的關(guān)鍵在于找準(zhǔn)中心詞。于找準(zhǔn)中心詞。A2(2013高考湖南卷高考湖南卷)The university estimates that living expenses for international students_around $8,450 a year，which_a burden for some of them.Aare；is Bare；areCis；are Dis；is解析：句意：這所大學(xué)估計(jì)，國(guó)際學(xué)生的生活費(fèi)用每年大約解析：句意：這所大學(xué)估計(jì)，國(guó)際學(xué)生的生活費(fèi)用每年大約8 450美元，這對(duì)他們中的一些學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)負(fù)擔(dān)。第一個(gè)美元，這對(duì)他們中的一些學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)負(fù)擔(dān)。第一個(gè)空的主語(yǔ)為空的主語(yǔ)為living expenses“生活費(fèi)用生活費(fèi)用”，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；復(fù)數(shù)形式；“which_a burden for some of them”是是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，which指代前面的指代前面的“生活費(fèi)用高生活費(fèi)用高”這件事，故此處謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。這件事，故此處謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。A