第15課 八年級下冊UNITS 34重點詞匯與短語 1. open 觀察思考 The door is open. 門是開著的。 Open the window please. 請開一下窗戶。 .but I can open up my students eyes to the outside world. 但是我能打開學生通往外面世界的視野。 He decided to open up a business in the city. 他決定在城里開一家商店。歸納拓展open 形容詞，意為“開著的”，反義詞為closed。in the open air 在野外。open及物動詞，意為“打開”，表示打開某個具體的物品。反義詞為close。open不及物動詞，與up連用意為“打開、開辦和開設”。open up ones eyes 打開某人的視野。 即學即用1： 用方框內(nèi)短語或詞匯的正確形式填空。 be openopen upopen (1)The shop from 7 00 am to 10 00 pm every day. (2)The center mall at 8 30 am every day. (3)I want to travel around the world to my mind.is openopensopen up 2. silence 觀察思考 Robert and his friends walked home together in silence. 羅伯特和他的朋友一起步行回家，一路上沉默著。 歸納拓展 silence名詞，意為“沉默”。其形容詞形式為silent。 in silence 副詞性短語，意為“沉默地，靜靜地”。 be in silencekeep/stay silent 詞匯聯(lián)想：in surprise 驚訝地。 即學即用2： She received the bad news . 她默默地承受了這個壞消息。in silence 3. own 觀察思考 You may wear your own clothes. 你可以穿上你自己的衣服。 I have a room of my own. 我有一個屬于我自己的房間。 I own a computer. 我有一臺電腦。 歸納拓展 own 形容詞，意為“自己的”；動詞，意為“擁有”，相當于have。 of ones own 屬于某人自己的。 on ones own 獨自，獨立地，與by oneself或alone意思相近。 即學即用3： ( )(1)Ill bring _ dictionary with me. A. myself B. self C. my own D. own (2)很多年輕人喜歡獨處居住。 Many young people like living .Con their own 4. care 觀察思考 “I know my parents care about me，” He says. “我知道我的父母關(guān)心我，” 他說。 Care for “Mother Earth”關(guān)愛地球母親。 She doesnt seem to care for him. 她好像不喜歡他。 歸納拓展 care 動詞，意為“關(guān)心；照顧；喜愛；在乎，在意”。 常用短語care for喜歡；關(guān)心；照顧 care about 關(guān)心；擔心；在乎。 名詞，意為“當心；注意；照料”。常用短語：take care小心；當心；注意 take care of照顧。 即學即用4： 用方框內(nèi)詞匯或短語的正確形式填空。 take carecare forcare aboutcare (1)Lily spent years her sick uncle. (2)Coffe or tea, either is OK. I dont . (3) , a car may hit you. (4)Dont what other people think of you, do what you like. caring forcareTake carecare about 5. be mad at 觀察思考 She got really mad at me and she didnt want to be my friend anymore. 她真的對我很生氣，并且不再想做我的朋友了。 歸納拓展 get/be mad at sb.get/be angry with sb. 對某人惱火。 即學即用5： ( )Mrs. Smith was really mad _ Dave, because he arrived late again. A . at B. in C. about D. onA重點句型 1. What were you doing when the UFO arrived? 典例體驗 When the teacher came in, we were talking. 當老師進來的時候，我正在討論。 While we were talking, the teacher came in. 當我們正在討論的時候，老師進來了。 My mother was cooking while my father was washing the car. 當爸爸在洗車子時，媽媽正在做飯。 Could you please look after my flowers while I am out？ 當我出去時，你能照顧一下我的花嗎？歸納拓展was/were 現(xiàn)在分詞為過去進行時態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)。表示過去某一時間里正在發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。when與while都可引導時間狀語從句，意為“當時”。但區(qū)別為：when既指時間點，也可指時間段；從句中的動詞可以是終止性動詞，也可以是延續(xù)性動詞；從句的動作和主句的動作可以是同時，也可以是先后發(fā)生。while只指時間段；從句中的動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞；主句的動作發(fā)生在從句動作發(fā)生的過程中或主從句兩個動作同時發(fā)生。when和while 還可作并列連詞。when表示“在那時”；while表示“而，卻”，表對照關(guān)系。when可用于表示“一就”的句型中，若主句為將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。 即學即用6： (1)We were having dinner he called me. (2)They were having a football match we were having a meeting. (3)Ill tell my mother the news when she (come) back.whenwhilecomes 2. Ben told Lana that Marcia was going to have a surprise party for her. 典例體驗 She said that she had a boring weekend. 她說她過了一個無聊的周末。 He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner. 他想知道他為什么在角落哭。 He wondered what the manager had said at the meeting. 他想知道經(jīng)理在會議上說了些什么。 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 老師說地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。歸納拓展學習賓語從句要抓住三要素：連接詞、語序和時態(tài)。 連接詞：從句為陳述句，常選擇連接詞that或?qū)hat省略，直接與主句 相連。從句為一般疑問句，常選擇連接詞if或whether。在 whether. or not 結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用 if 替換。從句為特殊疑問句，常選擇what，when，where，which，who，how等的疑問代詞、副詞作連接詞。語序：陳述句語序。但注意，當who/what為主語時，句式為who/what 謂語其他。時態(tài)：主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句為各種時態(tài)情況。主句是一般過去時，從句為各種相應的過去時態(tài)。注意：從句描繪客觀事實，用一般現(xiàn)在時。賓語從句中that與what的區(qū)別：引導賓語從句時，that是個不充當任何成分的連接詞，?？墒÷?。what為連接代詞，在從句中充當具體成分，且不能省略。 即學即用7： ( )(1)Can you see _？ A . what hes reading B. what is he reading C. what does he read D. he reads what ( )(2)Somebody called you just now, but I didnt know _. A. who were they B. who they were C. who was it D. who it wasAD ( )(3)He told me that Japan _ an island country. A. was B. is C. are D. be ( )(4)I think _ you will like the stamps. A. that B. what C . if D. how ( )(5)He asked us _ we need. A. that B. what C. if D. how BAB 3. “Make sure the door is shut，” she said to her little son. She told her little son to make sure the door was shut. 典例體驗 She said to me: “Turn off the lights, please.” 她對我說：“請把燈關(guān)了?！?She told/asked me to turn off the lights. 她叫我把燈關(guān)了。 “Dont smoke in the room，” he said to me. 他對我說：“不要在房間里吸煙?！?He told/asked me not to smoke in the room. 他告訴我不要在房間里吸煙。歸納拓展轉(zhuǎn)述祈使句時，可將祈使句的動詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式，并在不定式前根據(jù)句意加上tell，ask，order等動詞，其句型是：tell/ask/order sb.(not) to do sth.。即學即用8：The teacher said：“Dont draw on the blackboard.”(同義轉(zhuǎn)換)The teacher on the blackboard.told/asked us not to draw 4. She asked me if she could copy my homework. 典例體驗 I want to know if/whether he will come. 我想知道他是否會來。 We want to know whether you are ill or not. 我們想知道你是否生病了。 He hasnt decided whether to have dinner with me. 他還沒決定是否和我共進晚餐。歸納拓展whether, if 都可意為“是否”。但兩者用法有區(qū)別：(1)與or not連用時，只能用whether；(2)后接動詞不定式時，只能用whether；(3)if能引導條件狀語從句，表示“如果，假如”，而whether沒有此用法。即學即用9：( )Please tell me _ you have finished your work or not. A. how B. if C. what D. whetherD 5. You can imagine how strange it was! 典例體驗 What an interesting story! How interesting the story is! 多么有趣的故事！ What bad weather！ 多么糟的天氣！ What wonderful ideas(we have)! 多么好的主意??！ How time flies！ 時間過得多么快??！歸納拓展感嘆句通常由what, how引導，表示贊美、驚訝、喜、怒、哀、樂等色彩感情。what修飾名詞，how 修飾形容詞，副詞或動詞。感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)主要有以下幾種：Whata/an形容詞名詞單數(shù)(主語謂語)!What 形容詞復數(shù)名詞(主語謂語)!What 形容詞不可數(shù)名詞(主語謂語)!How形容詞或副詞主語謂語！How主語謂語！ 即學即用10： ( )(1) _ wonderful news report he wrote! All of us were proud of him. (2011濱州) A. What a B. What C. How D. How a ( )(2) _ delicious the dish is! A . What B. How C. What aBB ( )(3) _ strange clothes he is wearing! A. What a B. What C. How a ( )(4) _ interesting subject it is！ A. What B. How C. What an ( )(5) _ foggy it was yesterday！ A. What B. What a C. How BCC ( )(6) _ strong wind! A. How B. What a C. What ( )(7) _ fast Tom runs！ A. What B. What a C. How ( )(8) _ I miss the days we played together！ A. What B. What a C. HowBCC易混辨異 1. somewhere, anywhere, everywhere 觀察思考 My ID card is missing, I looked for it everywhere, but I cant find it anywhere. 我的身份證丟了，我到處找，可是任何地方都找不到它。 I saw it somewhere this morning. 今天早上我在某個地方看見過它。 Im going to move somewhere interesting. 我打算搬到有趣的地方。歸納拓展somewhere用于肯定句，強調(diào)的是某一處或某些地方； anywhere用于否定句、疑問句及條件句中，強調(diào)的是任何地方；everywhere 強調(diào)的是每一個地方。形容詞修飾不定副詞somewhere/anywhere/everywhere，須置后。 即學即用11： ( )(1)We found him _ in the forest, he seemed ill. A. somewhere B. anywhere C. everywhere D. a place ( )(2)No matter I go _，my dog always follows me. A. somewhere B. anywhere C. everywhere D. a place ( )(3)Sometimes, rules of etiquette are the same almost _. A. somewhere B. anywhere C. everywhere D. a placeABC 2. message, information 觀察思考 There were no messages for me. 沒有消息給我。 Please send me the information about your company. 請把你公司的信息發(fā)送給我。 歸納拓展 message 可數(shù)名詞，一般指(書面或口頭的)信息、消息、音信。 information 不可數(shù)名詞，一般指信息；消息；情報；資料；資訊。 相關(guān)短語：take a message for sb.為某人捎口信； leave a message留口信；collect/receive information 搜集/接收信息。 即學即用12： ( )(1)I came to find Mr.Zhang, but he wasnt in the office, I left _ on his desk. A. a information B. a message C. some informations D. some message ( )(2)The boy likes to collect the _ about dinosaur on the Internet. A. information B. message C. informations D. messagesBA 3. happen, take place 觀察思考 Miracles happen every day. 奇跡每天都發(fā)生。 Great changes have taken place in China. 中國已經(jīng)發(fā)生了很大改變。 歸納拓展happen意為“發(fā)生”，主語一般是物，常指具體事件的發(fā)生，特別指那些偶然的或未能預見的“發(fā)生”。sth. happen to sb.某事發(fā)生在某人身上；當主語是“人”時，意為“碰巧”，sb. happen to do sth.某人碰巧。take place通常指“(某事)按計劃進行或按計劃發(fā)生?！贝送膺€有“舉行”之意。 即學即用13： (1)The accident in the morning. 事故是在早上發(fā)生的。 (2)I happened the answer to your question. 我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。 (3)The party will on Friday evening. 晚會將在星期五晚上舉行。 (4)What you? You look upset. 你怎么啦？你看起來很沮喪。happenedto knowtake placehappen to 4. above, on, over 觀察思考 There is a book on the desk. 課桌上有一本書。 Her village was 2,000 meters above sea level. 她的村莊在海平面2,000米以上。 There is a national flag over the blackboard. 黑板正上方有一面國旗。 歸納拓展 這三個介詞都表示“在之上”，但含義不同。 on指在某物的表面上，和某物接觸。 above指在某物的上方，不和某物接觸，也不一定在某物的正上方。 over指在某物的正上方，不和某物接觸。 即學即用14： (1)In the day, the temperature will stay 15. (2)The Tshirt the bed is Mikes. (3)There is a national flag the blackboard in our classroom.aboveonover 5. everyday, every day 觀察思考 Even the most everyday activities can seem important. 甚至最日常的活動也可能顯得很重要。 He exercises in the park every day. 他每天在公園里鍛煉。 歸納拓展 everyday 形容詞，意為“日常的”。 every day副詞短語，意為“每一天”。 即學即用15： She watches English programs on TV after dinner .everydayevery day對點訓練 . 用方框中所給詞的適當形式填空 happenmadsilencecarefly 1. We should keep in the reading room. 2. There are many people downstairs. What do you think has ? 3. The to Beijing is put off because of the bad weather. 4. We should for the old. 5. Dont be at me. I wont stay out late again.silenthappenedflightcaremad . 單項選擇 ( )1. Franklin told them all _ to be in Britain again. (2011杭州) A. he was how happy B. how happy he was C. how was he happy D. he was happy how 解析：考查感嘆句。結(jié)構(gòu)之一為how形容詞主謂。故選B。B ( )2. _ the little girl looks! Thats true. She cant find her Teddy Bear. (2011衢州) A. How sad B. What sad C. What sadly D. How sadly 解析：考查感嘆句。look系動詞，后接形容詞，故C、D不選； 且感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)為：how形容詞主謂。故選A。A ( )3. Look at that pretty girl! Do you know _？ She is a doctor. (2011衢州) A. who she is B. who is she C. what she is D. what is she 解析：考查賓語從句及習慣用語。根據(jù)答句可知問句是詢問 職業(yè)，且賓語從句應用陳述句語序。故選C。C ( )4. Mrs White _ dinner when her son came home. (2011衢州) A. is cooking B. was cooking C. are cooking D. were cooking 解析：考查動詞時態(tài)。when引導的時間狀語從句為一般 過去時，主句通常為過去進行時。故選B。B ( )5. The woman asked the policeman where _. A. the post office is B. the post office was C. is the post office D. was the post office 解析：考查賓語從句。asked為過去式，則此處的從句應為 一般過去式，且須用陳述句語序。故選B。B ( )6. Where is my watch? I cant find it. Dont worry. It must be _ in your room. A. somewhere B. anywhere C. everywhere D. nowhere 解析：考查不定副詞。句意：它一定在你房間的某個地方。 “somewhere某地”符合題意。A ( )7. What did your parents think about your decision? They always let me do _ I think I should. A. when B. that C. how D. what 解析：考查疑問詞。句意：他們總是讓我做我認為應該做 的事。what引導從句做do的賓語。故選D。D ( )8. Kate has won the first prize in the singing competition. _ pleasant surprise this gave her classmates! A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 解析：考查感嘆句。結(jié)構(gòu)之一為whata形容詞單數(shù)名詞 主謂！故選C。C ( )9. Nobody knows _. A. how will our future look like B. what will our future be like C. how our future will look like D. what our future will be like 解析：考查賓語從句。從句應用陳述句語序，且like 介詞， 意為“像”，故連接詞須用what。D ( )10. Where was your brother at this time last night? He was writing an email _ I was watching TV at home. A. as soon as B. after C. until D. while 解析：考查連詞。連接兩個同時發(fā)生的動作時通常用while。D ( )11. Tommy, do you know if Frank _ to the zoo this Sunday if it _？ Sorry, I have no idea. A. will go; is fine B. goes; is fine C. will go; is going to be fine D. goes; will be fine 解析：考查if的不同用法。第一個if意為“是否”，引導賓語 從句一般將來時用will動詞原形；第二個if意為“如果” 引導的從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。故選A。A ( )12. How are you feeling here? Its quite hot. I dont know _ to go or stay. A. how B. when C. whether D. where 解析：考查疑問詞辨析。從下文中的關(guān)鍵詞or， 可判斷應用whether。C ( )13. Students can get more _ and knowledge about the world when they understand English. A. message B. information C. messages D. informations 解析：考查名詞辨析。句意：當他們掌握了英語時，學生們能 獲得更多的關(guān)于世界的信息和知識。 message可數(shù)名詞，意 為“消息”，information不可數(shù)名詞，意為“信息”。故選B。B ( )14. Its quite common in Britain to say “Thank you” to the drivers _ people get off the bus. A. after B. since C. until D. when 解析：考查連詞。句意：當人們下車時，對司機說謝謝。這 在英國這是相當平常的事?！皐hen當什么時候”符合題意。D寫作訓練 感悟提高 (2010 廣州)你校準備舉行“節(jié)約用水，從現(xiàn)在做起”的英語征文比賽，你打算投稿。請根據(jù)以下表格內(nèi)容寫一篇英語短文。必要性必要性沒有水人類就無法生存沒有水人類就無法生存不良現(xiàn)象不良現(xiàn)象不關(guān)水龍頭不關(guān)水龍頭(tap)(tap)；洗澡時間很長；沒喝完水就；洗澡時間很長；沒喝完水就把瓶子扔掉把瓶子扔掉建議建議( (你的你的2 23 3個建議個建議) ) 注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右(文章的開頭已給出，不計人詞數(shù))； 2. 不得透露學校、姓名等任何個人信息，否則不予評分。 Act now to save water Water is very important to us. 思路點撥 這是一篇關(guān)于“節(jié)約用水”的征文稿。由表格中提示信息可判斷，本文可分三段進行表述； 第一段說明水的重要性和必要性；第二段指出一些浪費水的不良現(xiàn)象；第三段提出如何節(jié)約用水的建議(注意要有23條建議)。 參考短語及句式 live without water, the importance of the water, forget to turn off take a long shower throw away the bottle before drinking up the water in it give some advice on how to save water Some students. some.參考答案Act Now to Save Water Water is very important to us. People cant live without water. Plants and animals will die without water. Can you imagine the world without water? Almost everybody knows the importance of water. But there are still some people wasting water. For example, some students often forget to turn off the taps; some people take showers for a long time. I want to give some advice on how to save water. First, we should take a shower instead of taking a bath. Second, we should turn off the taps after we use water. Third, when we drink mineral water, make sure the water in the bottle is drunk up before throwing it. Act now to save water.完成考點跟蹤訓練 15