語(yǔ)法突破篇語(yǔ)法突破篇第四節(jié)數(shù)詞和主謂一致第四節(jié)數(shù)詞和主謂一致【命題分析】高考對(duì)數(shù)詞的考查側(cè)重于：1數(shù)詞表示確切數(shù)目和不確切數(shù)目的區(qū)別；2數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)的特殊用法；3dozen和score的特殊用法。主謂一致主要圍繞名詞、代詞、數(shù)量詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、從句來(lái)考查。主要考查點(diǎn)集中在：1主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)的確定；2主語(yǔ)被介詞with，as well as等構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)分割時(shí)謂語(yǔ)的確定；3由不同的數(shù)詞修飾的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)的確定?！久麕熅v】.數(shù)詞1hundred，thousand，million和billion等詞的用法若hundred，thousand，million，billion等詞的前面有基數(shù)詞或several修飾時(shí)，hundred，thousand，million，billion等只能用單數(shù)形式；若表示不確定數(shù)目的數(shù)百、數(shù)千、數(shù)百萬(wàn)等時(shí)，要用它們的復(fù)數(shù)形式，還要加上of。3分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)法：分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，若分子大于1，則分母用復(fù)數(shù)。如：one-fourth(a quarter)1/4two-fifths 2/54年齡表達(dá)法表示某人的確切年齡，用“基數(shù)詞years old”或“基數(shù)詞of age”或者“at the age of基數(shù)詞”，也可直接用基數(shù)詞；表示某人幾十多歲時(shí)，用“in ones逢十的基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)”。如：teens，twenties，thirties等。5年代表達(dá)法表示“幾十年代”時(shí)，在阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后加s或s。如：在二十世紀(jì)九十年代in the 1990s/1990s。.主謂一致一、語(yǔ)法一致原則所謂語(yǔ)法一致原則，即主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法形式在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上應(yīng)當(dāng)一致。謂語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式依據(jù)主語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式而定：主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)或者是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。1主語(yǔ)是由and，both.and連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)如果主語(yǔ)指的是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：My mother and I have seen the film.媽媽和我看過(guò)這部電影。Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.在中國(guó)的這個(gè)地方既種水稻又種小麥。注意：由and連接的并列主語(yǔ)，前面分別有each，every，no修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Every boy and every girl has to receive education in our country.在我國(guó)男孩和女孩都得接受教育。No student and no teacher was invited to the party.沒(méi)有學(xué)生和老師被邀請(qǐng)參加晚會(huì)。2主語(yǔ)后面接主語(yǔ)的修飾語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)后面接主語(yǔ)的修飾語(yǔ)如with，along with，together with，as well as，like，rather than，but，except，besides，including，in addition to時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不受修飾成分的影響，仍同主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：The girl as well as the boys has learned to drive a car.這個(gè)姑娘和男孩子一起也學(xué)了開(kāi)汽車(chē)。A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.一個(gè)有5 000冊(cè)書(shū)的圖書(shū)館被作為禮物贈(zèng)送給了國(guó)家。All but one were here just now.剛才除了一個(gè)人外所有人都在這兒。3非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或從句作主語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)詞的-ing形式、不定式)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如： When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet.什么時(shí)候在什么地方建新工廠還沒(méi)定下來(lái)。Checking information is very important.核對(duì)事實(shí)是非常重要的。4each和復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)each和some/any/every/nobody/one/thing構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞someone，somebody，something，anyone，anybody，anything，everyone，everybody，everything，no one，nobody，nothing及the other作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Each is worse than the one before.一個(gè)比一個(gè)差。Someone wants to see you.有人想見(jiàn)你。5“many a/more than one單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)“many a(很多)/more than one(不止一個(gè))名詞單數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Many a student has been to Beijing.很多學(xué)生去過(guò)北京。There is more than one answer to your question.你的問(wèn)題不止一個(gè)答案。6“one ofthe名詞復(fù)數(shù)定語(yǔ)從句”之前有the等限定詞和修飾語(yǔ)“one ofthe名詞復(fù)數(shù)定語(yǔ)從句”之前有the only，the very，the等限定詞和修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如沒(méi)有這些限定詞和修飾語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Tom is the only one of the boys who is always ready to help others.湯姆是唯一的一個(gè)樂(lè)于助人的男孩。Tom is one of the boys who are always ready to help others.湯姆是樂(lè)于幫助別人的男孩中的一個(gè)。7表示成雙的物體的名詞作主語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)中有些表示成雙的物體的名詞如glasses眼鏡，scissors剪刀，shorts短褲，shoes鞋子，trousers褲子等作主語(yǔ)，其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：His glasses were broken，so he cant see well.他的眼鏡碎了，因此他看不太清楚。His trousers are made of cotton.他的褲子是用棉布做的。注意：若這類(lèi)名詞前有數(shù)量詞pair，則以pair的單、復(fù)數(shù)決定動(dòng)詞的形式。如：Two pairs of trousers are missing.兩條褲子不見(jiàn)了。This pair of shoes is not on sale.這雙鞋不出售。8倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中的主謂一致在倒裝句中，其他成分放到句子前部，而主語(yǔ)則被置于句子后部。這時(shí)要辨認(rèn)出主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：After the exams is the time for rest.考試過(guò)后就可以休息。二、意義一致原則意義一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主謂的一致取決于主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的意義。若主語(yǔ)形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上是單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)；若主語(yǔ)形式上為單數(shù)，而意義上為復(fù)數(shù)，則動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。1由and連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)(1)由and連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞指同一個(gè)人、同一事物或通常由兩個(gè)部件配成的物品時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，此時(shí)兩個(gè)名詞共用一個(gè)冠詞。如：The worker and writer has written a new novel.這位工人兼作家寫(xiě)了一部新小說(shuō)。(兩個(gè)名詞共用一個(gè)冠詞)There is a knife and fork on the table.桌上有一副刀叉。(2)成對(duì)的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用單數(shù)形式。如：Bread and butter is a daily food in the West.面包加黃油是西方人的日常食品。Truth and honesty is always the best policy.真誠(chéng)總是上策。注意：算式中表示數(shù)字的主語(yǔ)一般視為單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)，但也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Three and five makes/make eight.三加五等于八。2形復(fù)意單的名詞作主語(yǔ)(1)復(fù)數(shù)形式的專(zhuān)有名詞(國(guó)名、城市名、機(jī)構(gòu)名、組織名以及書(shū)名、報(bào)紙名、雜志名等)作主語(yǔ)，通常作為整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：The United States is in North America.美國(guó)在北美洲。The Arabian Nights is read all over the world.天方夜譚在世界各地廣為閱讀。注意：表示山脈、群島、瀑布等的專(zhuān)有名詞，和以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的表示同姓的一家人或同名、同姓的若干人，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The Alps stretch four countries.阿爾卑斯山脈跨越了四個(gè)國(guó)家。Niagara Falls are not as high as Victoria Falls.尼亞加拉瀑布沒(méi)有維多利亞瀑布高。The Smiths were also invited.史密斯一家人也受到了邀請(qǐng)。There are three Marys and two Roberts in my class.我班有三個(gè)叫瑪麗、兩個(gè)叫羅伯特的學(xué)生。(2)以-s結(jié)尾的名詞和表示學(xué)科的名詞，如news，maths，plastics，works，means(方法)，politics，physics，mathematics，economics，athletics，electronics等，雖然以-s結(jié)尾，但意義上作為單數(shù)看待。如：Politics is now taught in all schools.現(xiàn)在所有學(xué)校都開(kāi)設(shè)政治課。Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear.所有可能制止空氣污染的方法都用了，但天空還是不明凈。(3)“one and a half復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：One and a half days is all I can spare.一天半是我所能擠出的全部時(shí)間。注意：“one or two復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：One or two days are enough to see the city.參觀這座城市一兩天就足夠了。There are one or two things I want to talk over with you.我有一兩件事想跟你商量。3有生命的集體名詞作主語(yǔ)有生命的集體名詞(如people，police，cattle，militia)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：The police are looking for the thief.警察正在搜尋那個(gè)小偷。All the people of the world want peace.全世界人民都渴望和平。注意：family，team，class，government，audience，crew，committee等集體名詞，如果作整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果作個(gè)別成員看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。people作“民族”講時(shí)，作單數(shù)用。如：Zhangs family is rather big，with twelve people in all.張家相當(dāng)大，共十二口人。The family are sitting at the breakfast table.這家人正坐在早餐桌旁。4“the形容詞”作主語(yǔ)“the形容詞”作主語(yǔ)，如果指一類(lèi)人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如果指一個(gè)人或抽象概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。這類(lèi)形容詞有：old，young，rich，poor，blind，deaf，dead，sick等。如：The rich are not always happy.富人也有不開(kāi)心的時(shí)候。The wounded is a policeman.受傷者是一名警察。The beautiful is not always the same as the good.漂亮不總是等同于好。5表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢(qián)、重量、度量、容量、溫度等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢(qián)、重量、度量、容量、溫度等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，通常看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Twenty years has passed since we left school.我們離開(kāi)學(xué)校已經(jīng)20年了。Ten thousand dollars is a lot of money.一萬(wàn)美元是一大筆錢(qián)。Thirty kilometres is a good distance.30公里是一個(gè)相當(dāng)遠(yuǎn)的距離。注意：如果說(shuō)話(huà)人側(cè)重個(gè)體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Twenty years have passed since we parted.自從我們分手以后20年已經(jīng)過(guò)去了。6“a number of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”與“the number of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)“a number of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”意為“一些，許多”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；“the number of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”意為“的數(shù)目，數(shù)量”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：The number of pages in this book is three hundred.這本書(shū)的頁(yè)數(shù)是300。7none of和neither of后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)代詞作主語(yǔ)none of和neither of后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，多作單數(shù)看待，有時(shí)也作復(fù)數(shù)看待，主要根據(jù)說(shuō)話(huà)人的意思決定。如：None of them has arrived yet at the settlement.他們中還沒(méi)有一個(gè)到達(dá)住宅區(qū)。None of them have arrived yet.他們都還沒(méi)到。8“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)of短語(yǔ)”作主語(yǔ)“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)of短語(yǔ)”作主語(yǔ)，這時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要依of短語(yǔ)中名詞的數(shù)而定。如：Two fifths of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass.該地區(qū)五分之二的土地被樹(shù)木和草所覆蓋。Eighty nine percent of smokers are male.89%的吸煙者是男性。9表示部分概念或不定數(shù)量的名詞、代詞作主語(yǔ)表示部分概念或不定數(shù)量的名詞、代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)后面名詞的數(shù)而定。這些名詞或代詞有all，any，enough，half，more，most，the rest，part，some等。如：The rest of the buildings are easy to get to.其余的建筑物并不難上。The rest of his life was happy.他的晚年生活很幸福。Most of my time was spent in reading.我的大部分時(shí)間被用在讀書(shū)上。Most of the people are aware of it.大部分人都知道它。三、就近原則就近原則是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與它最鄰近的名詞或代詞保持人稱(chēng)與數(shù)的一致。1由or，either.or等連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)由or，either.or，nor，neither.nor，not only.but also，not.but連接的并列主語(yǔ)，通常按照就近原則，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)依照它靠近的主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。如：Either his friends or his brother is wrong.不是他的朋友們錯(cuò)了，就是他哥哥錯(cuò)了。Not only I but also Jane and Mary are tired of having examinations one after another.不僅我而且簡(jiǎn)和瑪麗都討厭一個(gè)接一個(gè)的考試。2在主謂倒裝句中在主謂倒裝句中，主語(yǔ)并列，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)與其最靠近的主語(yǔ)相一致。由here或there引導(dǎo)的句子，若有并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)也和與其最靠近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致。如：There is a desk，a table and three chairs in the room.房間里有一張書(shū)桌、一張飯桌和三把椅子。There are three chairs，a desk and a computer in the room.房間里有三把椅子、一張書(shū)桌和一臺(tái)電腦。1(2012安徽高考)Walmart，which is one of the largest American supermarket chains，_some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.AkeepsBkeepChave kept Dhad kept解析：句意：沃爾瑪，美國(guó)最大的超市連鎖店之一，讓部分店從星期一24小時(shí)營(yíng)業(yè)一直到星期六。顯然，這是個(gè)經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為Walmart，為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，故選A項(xiàng)。本題易錯(cuò)選B項(xiàng)或C項(xiàng)，有的考生錯(cuò)把supermarket chains當(dāng)成主語(yǔ)，認(rèn)為主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)。本題的解題關(guān)鍵在于認(rèn)清題干中which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。答案：A2(2012湖南高考)All the scientific evidence_that increasing use of chemicals in farming_damaging our health.Ashow；are Bshows；areCshow；is Dshows；is解析：句意：所有的科學(xué)證據(jù)表明，農(nóng)業(yè)中越來(lái)越多化學(xué)物質(zhì)的使用正在危及我們的健康。該句為復(fù)合句，that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。主句的主語(yǔ)為不可數(shù)名詞evidence，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用單數(shù)形式。從句的主語(yǔ)為increasing use of chemicals in farming，其中心詞為名詞use，所以其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)使用單數(shù)形式。答案：D3(2012陜西高考)The basketball coach，as well as his team，_interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.Awere BwasCis Dare解析：句意：那位籃球教練以及他的球隊(duì)在比賽后不久就因?yàn)樗麄兘艹龅谋憩F(xiàn)而受到采訪(fǎng)。as well as連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由第一個(gè)名詞或代詞決定，本題中as well as連接the basketball coach與his team，the basketball coach為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式，排除A，D兩項(xiàng)；另外，由關(guān)鍵信息shortly after the match可知?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)生在過(guò)去，句子采用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，排除C項(xiàng)。答案：B4(2013石家莊模擬)Some modern teaching equipment as well as hundreds of books_to the rural schools.Ahad been donated Bwas donatedChave donated Dwere donated解析：句意：一些現(xiàn)代的教學(xué)設(shè)備連同幾百本書(shū)被捐給了農(nóng)村學(xué)校。本題考查主謂一致。句中主語(yǔ)為some modern teaching equipment，是單數(shù)，所以排除C、D兩項(xiàng)；A項(xiàng)表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去，題干中沒(méi)有過(guò)去的時(shí)間作參照，故排除，所以B項(xiàng)正確。答案：B5The writer and teacher Smith _ through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.Ahave gone Bhad goneCwent Dhas gone解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。語(yǔ)意表示既是作家又是教師的史密斯自從搬到悉尼經(jīng)歷了無(wú)數(shù)的成敗，由句中since可知主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)表示史密斯身兼兩職，為單數(shù)，故選D項(xiàng)。答案：D6Its ones bad habits，rather than a certain natural disaster，_ones life-span for most of the time.Athat affects Bwhich affectCwhich affects Dthat affect解析：考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句和主謂一致。從文意和結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)判斷，第一空用that和前面的Its構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)；由rather than引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)前面那個(gè)名詞，所以用復(fù)數(shù)。答案：D7But for the fact that China _ also affected by the global economic crisis，we _ fewer unemployed workers now.Ais；would have Bare；would haveCwas；would have had Dwere；would have had解析：句意：中國(guó)要不是受全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的影響，我們現(xiàn)在就會(huì)有更少的工人失業(yè)。第一個(gè)空考查主謂一致，China是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用is；第二個(gè)空考查與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。答案：A8All the students but one in Senior Three _ the coming examinations on this weekend.Aare to take part in Bis to take part inChas taken part in Dhave taken part in解析：考查主謂一致。but連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與前者保持一致。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)on this weekend排除C和D項(xiàng)，all the students是復(fù)數(shù)，因此選A項(xiàng)。答案：A9_wants to keep fit needs to exercise often and pays more attention to every meal.AAnyone BThose whoCWhoever DWhichever解析：考查主語(yǔ)從句。A選項(xiàng)缺少定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，不正確；B選項(xiàng)可構(gòu)成定語(yǔ)從句，但不符合主謂一致的原則；D選項(xiàng)表示在特定范圍內(nèi)選擇，而該句沒(méi)有指定的范圍，可以排除。Whoeveranyone who。句意：想保持健康的人必須經(jīng)常鍛煉而且要更加注意每一餐的飲食。答案：C10Hey！Here is a message on my cell phone，telling me to send money to.Delete it！Its a trick.Many a person_by such tricks.Ahas been cheated Bhave been cheatedCwere cheated Dwas cheated解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。答話(huà)人之所以讓對(duì)方刪除手機(jī)上要求匯款的信息是因?yàn)榈侥壳盀橹挂呀?jīng)有很多人上當(dāng)受騙，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除C、D兩項(xiàng)；many a表示“大量”，修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，故排除B項(xiàng)選A項(xiàng)。答案：A11Large quantities of water _ for cooling purpose in the only one of the plants that _ steel in the city.Ahas been needed；produceBare deeded；producesCin needed；producesDhave been needed；produce解析：考查主謂一致。句意：這個(gè)城市唯一生產(chǎn)鋼材的工廠需要大量的水用于冷卻。第一個(gè)空謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與quantities一致，用復(fù)數(shù)，由于陳述的是目前的狀況，因此，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；第二個(gè)空定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與the only one保持一致。答案：B12Small as it is，the ant is as much a creature as _ all other animals on the earth.Aare BisChave Ddo解析：考查主謂一致。根據(jù)句子的意義可知，第二個(gè)as引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞a creature，定語(yǔ)從句用了倒裝語(yǔ)序，as在從句中作表語(yǔ)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式由后面的主語(yǔ)all other animals決定，因此用are，故選A項(xiàng)。答案：A13More than one _ the people heart and soul.Aofficial has served Bofficials have servedCofficial has served for Dofficials have served for解析：考查主謂一致問(wèn)題。more than one后跟動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。serve此處為及物動(dòng)詞。答案：A14I told him what I was surprised _ his attitude towards the old.Awere Bat wereCwas Dat was解析：what I was surprised at是賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，故選D項(xiàng)。句意：我告訴他讓我感到驚訝的事情是他對(duì)待老人的態(tài)度。答案：D15The drunken driver，rather than the passers-by _ for the traffic accident.Awas to be blamed Bwas to blameCwere to blame Dwere to be blamed解析：句意：是醉駕的司機(jī)，而不是過(guò)路者對(duì)那起交通事故負(fù)責(zé)?？疾橹髦^一致。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)與rather than前面的the drunken drive一致，故用單數(shù)并且be to blame常用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)，故選B項(xiàng)。答案：B16The trouble with resources as coal，oil and gas _ that they are not renewable.Ahas been BisChave been Dare解析：考查主謂一致。句意：像煤礦、石油和天然氣之類(lèi)的資源方面的問(wèn)題是它們不是再生資源。the trouble是主語(yǔ)，因此謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，又因?yàn)槭顷愂龅氖聦?shí)，故選B項(xiàng)。答案：B17Jim，as well as his sisters，_ to talk to his parents at present because of misunderstanding.Ais prepared Bwas preparedCare prepared Dwere prepared解析：句意：Jim，還有他的妹妹們都準(zhǔn)備和他的父母談?wù)?，因?yàn)樗麄冎g有誤會(huì)。as well as連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與as well as前面的部分一致，故選A項(xiàng)。答案：A18Some equipment as well as a number of maps and books _ to the area since the earthquake occurred.Ahas been offered Bhave been offeredCis being offered Dare offered解析：由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)since the earthquake occurred可知，主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式與as well as前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致，故選A項(xiàng)。答案：A19A survey of the opinions of experts _ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health.Ashow；are Bshows；isCshow；is Dshows；are解析：考查主謂一致。第一個(gè)空的主語(yǔ)是a survey第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，第二個(gè)空的主語(yǔ)是exercise“鍛煉”不可數(shù)，因此兩個(gè)空都填單數(shù)形式。答案：B20A quarter of the residents in this area _ no access to health service.Ais reported having Bis reported to haveCare reported to have had Dare reported to have解析：考查主謂一致。句意：據(jù)報(bào)道這個(gè)地區(qū)的四分之一的居民得不到醫(yī)療服務(wù)。主語(yǔ)a quarter of the residents是復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。又因?yàn)閳?bào)道的是一個(gè)普遍現(xiàn)象，所以用不定式的一般式，故選D項(xiàng)。答案：D