高中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)講座高中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)講座 Tenses This lecture is about the contents of tenses. Put the following sentences into English (1)我正在看書. (2)他將來(lái). (3)你作業(yè)做完了嗎？ (1)Im reading a book.(2)He will come.(3)Have you finished your homework?I am reading a book.（由助動(dòng)詞am+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞reading構(gòu)成，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。）He will come.（由助動(dòng)詞will+動(dòng)詞原形come構(gòu)成，表示動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生，構(gòu)成一般將來(lái)時(shí)。）Have you finished your homework? (由助動(dòng)詞have+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞finished構(gòu)成，表示動(dòng)作的完成與否，構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) ( The Present Indefinite Tense)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) (The Present Continuous Tense)一般將來(lái)時(shí) (The Future Indefinite Tense)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) (The Present Perfect Tense)一般過(guò)去時(shí) (The Past Indefinite Tense)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) (The Past Continuous Tense)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) (The Past Future Tense)過(guò)去完成時(shí) (The Past Perfect Tense)Now lets analyze each tense.一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) ( The Present Indefinite Tense)1、用法:（1）表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作Father often _( go) to work on foot.goes（2）表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或主語(yǔ)的特征He _(be) busy at the moment.is（3）表示客觀真理、諺語(yǔ)等Trains _(run) faster than cars.run（4）用于時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。 We will go to the park if it _(not rain) tomorrow. We will leave for home as soon as the meeting _(be) over tomorrow.doesnt rainis3、常與下列時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用: 通常與表示頻度（即動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次數(shù)多少）意義的副詞或詞組連用.For example: always, often, usually, seldom, never, every day, from time to time, now and then（偶而）,once a month, twice a year, at the moment,generally, etc二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) (The Present Continuous Tense)1、用法：、用法：（1）表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。）表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。The dog _(run) after a cat now.is running（2）表示一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（但說(shuō)）表示一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（但說(shuō)話時(shí)不一定進(jìn)行）話時(shí)不一定進(jìn)行）They_(build) the restaurant these days.are building2、常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：、常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now, at the moment, these years, etc.3、須注意的問(wèn)題：1)表示贊揚(yáng)或厭惡、埋怨的語(yǔ)氣時(shí)常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) Eg. He is always telling lies. The young man is always helping the poor. You are always making fun of me. 2) 某些表示感官知覺(jué)與心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞一般不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行 時(shí)，而用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 For example: see ,hear, smell, taste,think, like,hate, want, know, have, wish, etc. He wants to visit his grandfather now. The dishes taste delicious. Do you know where he is from?三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí) (The Future Indefinite Tense)1.表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。They _(fly) to Japan the day after tomorrow. There _( be )a lecture in the music hall next week.will fly2、常與下列時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, next year,this week, this coming Saturday, tonight, in an hour, soon, etc.will be 3. 口語(yǔ)中大量使用be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)表示事先打算，有意圖要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或客觀情況下即將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Will表示對(duì)將來(lái)情況的預(yù)測(cè)For example:Look at the clouds. It is going to rain.In the future,there are going to be many “Englishes”.I am going to see a film today.You will succeed if you work hard.Will British English disappear one day?(1)Miss Green _(come) to the party next Sunday.is coming(2) Look! The old man _(die). We must send him to the hospital at once.is dying4、須注意的問(wèn)題： 有些表示位置移動(dòng)或狀態(tài)改變的動(dòng)詞（go, come, leave, arrive, die 等等）,用它們的進(jìn)行時(shí)來(lái)表示按計(jì)劃安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。四、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) (The Present Perfect Tense)1、用法：1)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果(1)They_(buy) a new house.（影響是他們有新房子住了）have bought(2) She_ (lose) her ring. （影響是她現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有戒指）has lost2)表示過(guò)去開(kāi)始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài), 常與“for+時(shí)間段”或“since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)或從句”連用。have learned(2) They_ (stay) in this hotel since last Tuesday. have stayed (1) We_ (learn) English for seven years.2、常與這些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用:already, never, ever, yet, before, twice,this month, so far, up to now, in the past/last few years,since,for,etc. for ten years,for a centry等時(shí)間短語(yǔ)，即for+一段時(shí)間，所在的句子常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 since 1980s, since I graduated, since ten years ago等since+過(guò)去的時(shí)間，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，since從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)4、注意的問(wèn)題:1）have/has been to 與have/has gone to 區(qū)別: have/has been to 表示“曾到過(guò)某地”，說(shuō)明有過(guò)某種經(jīng)歷。 Have/has gone to 表示“已去某地”，在途中或已到目的地。(1) She _Qindao（她已去青島了）has gone to(2) I _Canada（我去過(guò)加拿大）have been to2）瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別：瞬問(wèn)動(dòng)詞表示短暫不能持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作。如come, go, leave, start, begin, buy, become, die等 而持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作。如work, stay, live, learn 等Tell the following sentences true or false. (1)I have bought the calculator for a week. ( ) (2)I have had the calculator for a week. ( ) FT 第一句動(dòng)詞buy 屬于瞬間動(dòng)詞，瞬間動(dòng)詞不能與“for + 時(shí)間段”、“since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)或從句”連用，如果要用，必須將瞬間動(dòng)詞改成持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。leave die buy put on borrow becomebe away be dead have wear keep be ajoin the army fall ill catch a cold go outbe in the army be ill have a cold be outfinish/end arrive here begin/startbe over be here be on3）since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。We_(stay) in this school since we _ (come) to the city.have stayedcame4）句型：It is +時(shí)間段+ since +瞬間動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式，自從It is six weeks since they came here.It is ten years since he smoked.一、一、 Fill in the blanks with the verbs in their proper forms.1.We_ (solve) the problems soon.2.You_(get) wet if you_ (go) out without an umbrella.3._(not throw) paper on the ground.4. A: What_you_(do) at the moment ? B: I_(go) over my lessons. A: When_ you_( start) going over your lessons? B: An hour ago.5._ you ever_(hear) about the Egyptian Mummy Exhibition at Shanghai Museum?Complete the following exercises .will solvewill getgoDont throwaredoingam goingdidstartHaveheard 6.Your story_ (sound) interesting. You read a lot, dont you?7.We _ (build) ten factories in this small town since 1990. 8.As we all know, a lot of changes _ (take place)in our city in the past ten years. 9.It_(be) three months since I posted the letter .10.Englishmen seldom _(talk) in the underground.11.They _(not get) off the bus until the rain stops. soundshave builthave taken placeistalkwont get二、Choose the best answer1.Hes never been to England,_? A.is he B.isnt he C.has he D.hasnt he2.The poor man_in bed up to now. He has no money to see a doctor. A.had laid B.had lain C.has lain D.has laid3.Neither he nor I_ interested in playing video games. A.am B.is C.are D./4.You_worry about your son. He will be well soon. A.neednt to B.need to C.dont need D.dont need to5.Internet bars mustnt let people under 18 in or let anybody_bad things. A.watch B.to watch C.watching D.watchesCCADA6.Some passengers were walking through one of the big halls at Paris Charles De Gaulle Airport_ the whole roof fell down. A.while B.as soon as C.when D.after7.A:Would you mind telling me_recently? B:Of course not. A.where did he live B.where does he live C.where he lives D.where he lived8.I wonder if you_( go) there by bus or by train tomorrow. A.would go B.will go C.goes D.goCCB三、三、Correct the mistakes. (There is only one mistake in each sentence)1.Mr Smith doesnt be in now. He has gone to New York.2.The teacher said that the earth went around the sun.3.The boy is very sad now because he had just lost his new bike.4.By the time she was fifteen, She started to teach herself computer science.doesnt be _isntwent_ goeshad_hasstarted_ had started 5.You should apologized to him.6.Plastics are used to making many things.7.The old man has died for several years. 8. I said I would show him the picture when I finish it.9. His job at the moment is organize the school sports meetingdied_been deadfinish_finishedorganize_to organizeapologized_ apologizeto making_to make10.Bob as well as his friends do some reading every morning.11. They invited to take part in Miss Lis birthday party last Sunday.12.Jessica prefered milk to tea three years ago.13.Im sorry I didnt hear you because I am listening to music.prefered_preferredinvited_were inviteddo_doesam_was14.While they had supper, all the lights went out.15. Scientists has studied the global warming for several years. They are working hard to find a solution.16.The professor usually goes to see a film on Sundays when he was young. 17.Im looking forward to receive your letter.18.Yesterday afternoon I happened to meet my old friend.We have been away from each other for about ten years.goes_wenthave_hadhad_were havinghas_haveto receive_receiving四四、Fill in the blanks with the verbs in the box in their proper forms.( not smoke, hold, remember, see, operate, watch)1.He didnt go to the cinema because he _ the film twice.2.Jack was asked _cigarettes on the bus.3.He still_ riding a bicycle in the street for the first time now. 4.The hall is big enough _2,000 people.5.The doctor said that the old woman had to _ on immediately.6.You had better finish your homework before _TV.had seennot to smokeremembers to holdbe operatedwatching (Kid, not meet, help, hear, not see, go) Mr.Baker and Mr.Smith work in the same university. They are good teachers and their students like them very much. They often _ each other when either of them gets in trouble. One day Mr.Smith was very tired, so when he went home he told his new servant,“Im busy this afternoon. I _ anybody.” Just then Mr.Baker went to his friend for help. He knocked at the door. The servant went to answer the door. She didnt know Mr. Baker and told him that Mr.Smith _ anyone that afternoon.helpwont seewould not meetSeveral days later Mr.Smith went to Mr.Baker to ask for advice. But his friend said inside the door, “Sorry, Mr.Baker _just _out.” “_ you_, Mr. Baker?” said Mr.Smith . “I _ its you speaking there.” Mr.Baker opened the door and said, “I could believe your servant, Mr.Smith. Why dont you believe me?”hasgoneArekiddinghave heard “用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空”一直是中考英語(yǔ)試卷中的一個(gè)專設(shè)項(xiàng)目，05年學(xué)業(yè)考試的試題雖然較以往有新的變化，時(shí)態(tài)填空這大題將被取消，但是它被安排在新增的選擇題中進(jìn)行測(cè)試，所以仍然是同學(xué)們必須重點(diǎn)掌握的知識(shí)。測(cè)試的內(nèi)容主要在于檢測(cè)學(xué)生對(duì)初中英語(yǔ)八種時(shí)態(tài)、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞以及動(dòng)詞不定式等的綜合掌握情況。測(cè)試的重點(diǎn)在于“具備明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)”或“給予情景” 狀態(tài)下學(xué)生正確使用動(dòng)詞形式的能力。本項(xiàng)目是雙基部分的一個(gè)重要內(nèi)容。本講座側(cè)重講了時(shí)態(tài)方面的內(nèi)容，在做這方面練習(xí)時(shí)，除了掌握八種時(shí)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)外，我們應(yīng)掌握以下的解題要點(diǎn)：總結(jié)總結(jié)1、關(guān)注時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、頻度副詞等關(guān)鍵詞，不同時(shí)態(tài)往往帶有一定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)不同的時(shí)間可確定相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。2、關(guān)注復(fù)合句中基本解 題要點(diǎn)。3、在確定時(shí)態(tài)的前提下，根據(jù)主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)的關(guān)系確定動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)形式。4、注意各種時(shí)態(tài)的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別。5、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式（to）后的動(dòng)詞使用原形；在部分動(dòng)詞后要用v-ing形式；非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。6、把握能力題的解題技巧。解題中學(xué)生必須做到綜合分析，通盤考慮，才能落筆無(wú)誤。1）情景題：試題沒(méi)有明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，學(xué)生必須仔細(xì)研讀題句，弄清情景意思，找出上下句各個(gè)動(dòng)作之間在時(shí)間上的關(guān)系。2）段落題：注意事件發(fā)生的總體時(shí)間，然后根據(jù)時(shí)間的推移，對(duì)段落進(jìn)行整體理解，在作出準(zhǔn)確判斷的基礎(chǔ)上落筆解題，否則容易產(chǎn)生差錯(cuò)。因?yàn)檫@是對(duì)動(dòng)詞形式的綜合考核。7、加強(qiáng)易錯(cuò)題的辨析和專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練，提高解題得分率。