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1、第三講第三講 形容詞和副詞形容詞和副詞.形容詞一、形容詞作前置定語形容詞作定語通常放在所修飾的名詞前，當(dāng)幾個(gè)形容詞與其他限定詞共同修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，一般按照以下順序排列：限定詞(these，those.)數(shù)量形容詞(three)描繪性形容詞(beautiful)大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低等形體性形容詞(large，long，high)新舊(old)顏色(red)國(guó)籍(Chinese)材料(wood)用途(writing)被修飾名詞(desk)。記準(zhǔn)下面的口訣：限定描繪大長(zhǎng)高，形狀年齡和新老；顏色國(guó)籍出材料，作用類別往后靠。all，both，such等冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、數(shù)詞品質(zhì)、特性等大小、長(zhǎng)短、高

2、低形態(tài)、形狀年齡、新舊、顏色thepretty littleoldesthisnew greyallthebluetenstrongblacksuchaprettylongredthe thirdroundbrownboththetallold國(guó)籍、產(chǎn)地材料、用途被修飾的名詞Chinesestonebridge中國(guó)最古老的漂亮的小石橋cottonshirt他的新的灰色棉襯衫m(xù)emorialenvelopes所有的藍(lán)色紀(jì)念封plasticbags10個(gè)結(jié)實(shí)的黑色塑料袋French skirt如此漂亮的紅色法式女裙woodentable第三張褐色圓木桌Russianmen這兩位身材高大的俄羅斯老人

3、特別提醒：1.若有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的顏色形容詞修飾同一個(gè)名詞，須用and連接，例如：a black and white dress一條黑白相間的裙子，a red，green and yellow flag一面紅、綠、黃三色相間的旗子。2.多個(gè)形容詞并列時(shí)往往短詞在前，長(zhǎng)詞在后，其間一般不加逗號(hào)，有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)同等重要可加逗號(hào)。二、形容詞作定語后置的幾種情況當(dāng)形容詞修飾不定代詞one，no，any，some和every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞，如：something，anything，nothing時(shí)I have something important to tell you.當(dāng)“形容詞介詞短語/不定式”構(gòu)成的

4、短語作定語時(shí)The teacher asked me a question too difficult to answer.當(dāng)兩個(gè)意義相近或相反的形容詞用both.and.，and，or或but連接在一起作定語時(shí)The students were required to see a film both interesting and instructive.形容詞如：alive，afraid，awake，alone，asleep，worth等作定語時(shí)，常放于被修飾詞的后面The baby still asleep might be awake very soon.當(dāng)old，long，high，

5、wide，deep等詞附有數(shù)量詞短語作定語時(shí)The peasants dug a well about fifty metres deep.三、表語形容詞表語形容詞(如：afraid，alone，awake，asleep，alive，alike，ashamed，well，sorry，unable，worth，sure)并非只能作表語，它們還可以作補(bǔ)足語，有的還可作后置定語(一般不作前置定語)。常見表語形容詞如下：表示健康方面的詞：well，unwell，ill，faintHe is ill.He feels faint.sorry，glad，fond，sure，worth，mistaken等I

6、 am glad that you are fond of the subject.大多以字母a開頭的形容詞：afraid，alive，asleep，awake，ashamed，alone，alike，ahead等The baby is asleep now.四、形容詞作狀語形容詞作狀語表示伴隨或結(jié)果。說明主語所處的狀態(tài)，并不表達(dá)動(dòng)作的方式。He went to bed，cold and hungry.他又冷又餓地去睡覺了。He lay in bed，wide awake.他醒著躺在床上。He returned home，safe and sound.他回到了家，安然無恙。He is stan

7、ding there，full of fear.他站在那里，充滿了恐懼。.副詞一、兩種形式的副詞有些副詞有兩種形式，其中一種形式與形容詞相同，另一種形式是在形容詞后加后綴“l(fā)y”。這兩種形式的副詞表示的意義大不相同，應(yīng)加以分辨。close接近(指距離)closely仔細(xì)地，密切地free免費(fèi)freely自由地，自如地deep深deeply深刻地，深入地，深深地hard努力hardly幾乎不wide寬闊widely廣泛地high高h(yuǎn)ighly高度地late晚，遲lately近來near鄰近nearly幾乎most最mostly主要地，絕大多數(shù)地firm穩(wěn)固地firmly堅(jiān)固地Deep in th

8、ought，he didnt notice me.陷入沉思中，他沒注意到我。He was deeply moved by the moving story.他被這個(gè)感人的故事深深地感動(dòng)了。二、有些副詞置于句首可修飾全句，作評(píng)注性狀語。Fortunately，he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.幸運(yùn)的是，他沒被淹死，被解放軍給救了。Happily for her，her stepmother was kind to her.使她高興的是，她的繼母對(duì)她很好。Obviously，your answer is absolutely wrong.很顯然

9、，你的答案絕對(duì)錯(cuò)了。Naturally，you want to discuss this problem with your parents.自然，你想和你的父母商量一下此事。三、can not/never與enough或too連用表示“無論怎樣都不過分；越越好”。You can not be careful enough/too careful to study.在學(xué)習(xí)方面，你再細(xì)心也不過分。Mary，look，what did I find?瑪麗，你看，我找到什么了？Oh，my lost key？I cant thank you too much.(I cant thank you muc

10、h enough.)噢，我丟失的鑰匙？太感謝你了。.形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)的用法一、平級(jí)比較句型典句示例用as.as.；not as/so.as.；the same as.；such.as.引導(dǎo)Henry is a worker as good as Peter(is)Henry is as good a worker as Peter(is)Henry is such a good worker as Peter(is)He has as many as 2,000 books.Henry does not have so/as many books as I have.His name is

11、the same as his fathers(name)It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.句型典句示例as形容詞as數(shù)量詞數(shù)量詞形容詞，但表示強(qiáng)調(diào)The building is as tall as 100 meters.The building is 100 meters tall.The well is as deep as 130 meters.The well is 130 meters deep. The average cost of one day in a h

12、ospital in that country can run as high as $400.句型典句示例貌似同等程度比較結(jié)構(gòu)的一些固定習(xí)慣用語英語中有些看似是同等程度的比較結(jié)構(gòu)，實(shí)際上它們是一些固定的習(xí)慣用語，它們是：as long as只要；as far as遠(yuǎn)至，到程度；as soon as一就；as well as既又；as good as(very nearly)與幾乎一樣，幾乎，簡(jiǎn)直I will work as(so)long as I live.As far as I know，he is a reliable person.He has experience as well

13、as knowledge.He as good as called me a coward.二、比較級(jí)句型典句示例“比較級(jí)than”表達(dá)一方超過或低于另一方的情況You look much younger than I do. She doesnt work harder than you(do)less than.意為“少于”。It cost Tom less than five dollars.not less than.意為“不少于，至少”。He is not less than 80 years old.no less than.意為“多達(dá)，有之多”，表示數(shù)量之多。No less th

14、an a thousand people came.no less.than.意為“同一樣”。English is no less important than maths.not less.than.意為“在方面不亞于”。English is not less important than maths.句型典句示例more than.意為“非?！薄昂堋?；“多于；不止；不只是”。She is more than selfish.(more than 表示“非?！保嗯c形容詞連用)more.than.意為“與其說，不如說”。She is more thoughtless than stupid.

15、not more than.意為“不超過，不多于”。I have not more than ten books in my bag.no more than.意為“僅僅，不過，只不過”，強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量少。I have no more than ten books in my bag.not more.than.意為“不比更”。Tom isnt more clever than Jim.no more.than.意為“和一樣不”。Tom is no more clever than Jim.句型典句示例“比較級(jí)and比較級(jí)”意為“越來越”。As summer is coming，the day is

16、 becoming longer and longer.“the比較級(jí)，the比較級(jí)”意為“越就越”。The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes youll make.“the比較級(jí)of the two名詞”表示“兩者中較的那個(gè)”。The taller of the two boys is my brother.“not比較級(jí)than”表示“不像那樣”；“不如”。She is not more generous than her younger sister.“no比較級(jí)than”表示“和一樣不”(否定二者)。This book is no more

17、 interesting than that one.用介詞by表示相差的程度。She is taller than I by three inches.She is three inches taller than II missed the last train by one minute特別提醒：比較級(jí)的修飾語常見的有：rather，much，still，even，far，any(用于否定句或疑問句)，a lot，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit，three times等。The students study even harder than befo

18、re.A car runs a great deal faster than a bike. 三、使用比較級(jí)應(yīng)注意的問題1比較的范圍如果比較的范圍不一樣，表達(dá)方式也應(yīng)不同。China is larger than any other country /any of the other countries in Asia.(包含在比較的范圍內(nèi))中國(guó)比亞洲其他任何國(guó)家都大。China is larger than any country in Africa.(不包含在比較的范圍內(nèi))中國(guó)比非洲任何國(guó)家都大。2比較的對(duì)象要一致相同的對(duì)象可以比較，不同的對(duì)象不能進(jìn)行比較The population of

19、 China is larger than that of any other country in the world.(人口與人口相比，要用代詞that)The climate here is warmer than that of Shanghai.這里的氣候比上海的溫暖。The radios made in our factory are better than those(made)in your factory.我們工廠生產(chǎn)的收音機(jī)比你們廠的好。China has a larger population than any other country in the world.中國(guó)的

20、人口比世界上其他任何國(guó)家都多。3注意比較結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略現(xiàn)象由于日常交際的需要，在彼此都明白的情況下，比較對(duì)象往往省略What do you think of the film?你覺得這部電影怎么樣？I have never seen a better one.(后邊省略了than this film)我從未看過比這部更好的電影。Toms composition，if not better(后邊省略了than Jacks)，is at least as good as Jacks.湯姆的作文，如果不比杰克的好，也至少和他的作文一樣好。4下列情況用to不用than：be prior to早于，較重要

21、于be superior to優(yōu)于，高于be inferior to次于be senior to年長(zhǎng)于，地位高于be junior to地位低于，比年紀(jì)小The task is prior to all others.這項(xiàng)任務(wù)比其他所有的任務(wù)都重要。In maths he felt superior to John.他覺得自己的數(shù)學(xué)比約翰的強(qiáng)。These apples are inferior in flavour to those.這些蘋果的味道不如那些。He is two years senior to me.他比我大兩歲。.形容詞、副詞最高級(jí)的用法1most前如沒有定冠詞the，就沒有比

22、較的意思，只是用來加強(qiáng)語氣，有“很，非常”之意。This is a most interesting story.這是一個(gè)很有趣的故事。2最高級(jí)可被序數(shù)詞以及much，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not quite，not really，nothing like等詞語所修飾。Of all the students，Jacks oral English is almost the best.在所有的學(xué)生中，杰克的英語口語幾乎是最好的。3否定詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)。There is no greater love than that of a man who lays

23、 down his life for his friends.為朋友而放棄生命的人的愛是最偉大的愛。He has never spent a more worrying day.他度過了最擔(dān)心的一天。4主語否定式謂語(含not或never)比較級(jí)。It cant be worse.(Its the worst thing Ive ever known.)這是我知道的最糟糕的事情。5No other單數(shù)名詞/No one/None/Nobody比較級(jí)than.。No other student in the class is taller than he.他是班里最高的同學(xué)。.表示倍數(shù)的句型1A

24、 is倍數(shù)比較級(jí)thanB2A is倍數(shù)as原級(jí)asB3A is倍數(shù)the名詞(size，length，height等)ofB4A is倍數(shù)thatofB5A is倍數(shù)what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句如：他的收入是她的三倍。He earns twice more than her.He earns three times as much as her.He earns three times the money that she does.The money he earns is three times that of hers.He earns three times what she does.

25、The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008.The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008.今年的產(chǎn)量是2008年的三倍。After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced twice as many cars in 2008 as the year before.自從新技術(shù)被引進(jìn)以后，這家工廠2008年生產(chǎn)的小汽車是上一年的兩倍。.有些連詞也可以作副詞，但作副詞時(shí)，常放在句末如：though，(ever)sinc

26、e，in case等。如：She promised to phone.I heard nothing，though.Though she promised to phone，I heard nothing.她答應(yīng)要打電話來，可我沒聽到回信兒。He is old.He works hard，though.Though he is old，he works hard.他雖然年事已高，但他工作還是很努力。He came to this school in 1988.He has been working here ever since.He has been working in this school since he came here in 1988.1988年他來到了這個(gè)學(xué)校。自那時(shí)起，他一直在這里工作。I dont think it will rain，but I will take my umbrella，just in case.I will take my umbrella just in case it should rain.我想不會(huì)下雨，但我要把我的傘帶上，以防萬一。