對(duì)已發(fā)生的過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，若陳述對(duì)已發(fā)生的過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，若陳述句謂語(yǔ)部分有句謂語(yǔ)部分有“must have done”，而，而且且有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ), 問(wèn)句部分問(wèn)句部分用用didnt； 1) They must have gone there last night, didnt they? 2)They must have arrived by now, havent they?對(duì)已發(fā)生的過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，若陳述對(duì)已發(fā)生的過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，若陳述句謂語(yǔ)部分有句謂語(yǔ)部分有“must have done”，若，若沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，問(wèn)句部分，問(wèn)句部分用用havent 或或hasnt .3) He must have been to the Great Wall,hasnt he? 對(duì)已發(fā)生的過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，若陳述對(duì)已發(fā)生的過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，若陳述句謂語(yǔ)部分有句謂語(yǔ)部分有“must have done”，若，若沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，問(wèn)句部分，問(wèn)句部分用用havent 或或hasnt .這個(gè)房間昨天肯定被清掃了。這個(gè)房間昨天肯定被清掃了。The room _ _ _ _ yesterday. must have been cleaned他一定已經(jīng)背了他一定已經(jīng)背了5000單詞了。單詞了。He _ _ _ 5,000 words.must have learntYou must have seen the film “Journey to the West” , _ _? havent youThey must have been to the World Expo last week, _ _? didnt theyA: Where are the girls? Could they have gone home?B: No, they cant have gone home. Its so early.-Where is John? Can he have gone to the playground?-No, he cant have gone to the playground It is raining.- _Mr King _the letter?金先生已經(jīng)收到那封信了嗎？金先生已經(jīng)收到那封信了嗎？-No, he _it.不，他不可能收到。不，他不可能收到。Canhave receivedcant have received-Look, the lights are off in their room.-Where have they gone?-They might have gone to the cinema.may/might have done某事有可能發(fā)生過(guò)某事有可能發(fā)生過(guò)(表示對(duì)過(guò)去的不太肯定的推測(cè)，表示對(duì)過(guò)去的不太肯定的推測(cè)，語(yǔ)氣比語(yǔ)氣比must have done 弱弱)-Where did Adam get that new football? He hasnt got any money. -It _ a present. After all, it was his birthday last week. A. might have been B. might be He _out because the light was on.A. may not have gone B. may have not goneC. may not go D. must not have goneA: Here is a doll for your daughter.B: Thank you so much. Its beautiful. But you neednt have bought it. You have bought so many for her .We _the plant because it rained last night. (本無(wú)必要本無(wú)必要)neednt have wateredOh,Im not feeling well in the stomach. I shouldnt have eaten so much fried chicken just now. shouldnt have done本不該做某事本不該做某事（但此事已做）（但此事已做）He should have repaired the bike yesterday.should have done本應(yīng)該做某事本應(yīng)該做某事（但此事未做）（但此事未做）你本應(yīng)該先完成你的作業(yè)。你本應(yīng)該先完成你的作業(yè)。You _ _ _ your homework first. should have finished你本不應(yīng)該跟我撒謊。你本不應(yīng)該跟我撒謊。You _ _ _to me.shouldnt have liedcould + have done “本能夠，本可以做某事本能夠，本可以做某事” 但卻沒(méi)做但卻沒(méi)做他本能夠按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)的。他本能夠按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)的。He _the task on time, but he didnt do it.could have finishedFinding the ruleModal verbs + have doneExplanationsExample sentencesmust have doneBelieving what happened in the past is the case (used only in positive sentences)It must haverained last night.can/could have done -Where is John? Could he have gone to the playground?-No, he cant have gone to the playground. It is raining.indicating that something was a possibility in the past , though it did not actually happen (negative or interrogative sentences)may/might have done.Suggesting that it is possible that something happened or was true (used only in positive/ negative sentences)They might have mistaken youshould/shouldnt have doneYou should have done your homework first.indicating that something did not / did happen, but the speaker wishes it had (not) happened.neednt have doneindicating that it is not necessary for sb. to do sth, though he / she did it.You neednt have watered the plant. It rained last night.高考例析高考例析 1. Sorry Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. （2000 北京春季）北京春季）A. might B. should C. can D. will 答案為答案為 A。表推測(cè)的用法。句意：對(duì)。表推測(cè)的用法。句意：對(duì)不起不起, 我遲到了。我我遲到了。我(當(dāng)時(shí)當(dāng)時(shí))興許是關(guān)興許是關(guān)了鬧鐘又回去睡覺(jué)了。了鬧鐘又回去睡覺(jué)了。might 相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于 may, 但語(yǔ)氣更加不肯定。但語(yǔ)氣更加不肯定。2. I was really anxious about you. You_ home without a word. (01 全國(guó)全國(guó))A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave 答案為答案為 B。虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法。句意：。虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法。句意：我（那時(shí)）真地很擔(dān)心你。你本我（那時(shí)）真地很擔(dān)心你。你本不應(yīng)該不留個(gè)話就離開(kāi)家。不應(yīng)該不留個(gè)話就離開(kāi)家。3. Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. You_ her last week. （04 福建）福建）A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told答案為答案為 D。虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法。句意：。虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法。句意：-我明天要告訴她我的新工作我明天要告訴她我的新工作的情況。的情況。 -你本應(yīng)該上周告訴你本應(yīng)該上周告訴她。她。4. Tom graduated from college at a very young age. Oh, he _ have been a very smart boy then. （04 全國(guó)全國(guó)IV） A. could B. should C. might D. must答案為答案為 D。表推測(cè)的用法。句意：。表推測(cè)的用法。句意：湯姆很年輕的時(shí)候就大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。湯姆很年輕的時(shí)候就大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。哦，他肯定是一個(gè)很聰明的男孩兒。哦，他肯定是一個(gè)很聰明的男孩兒。 5. He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside. (05 北京卷北京卷) A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cant答案為答案為 B。用法同。用法同4題。句意：題。句意：他肯定做完了工作，不然他就他肯定做完了工作，不然他就不會(huì)在海邊痛快地玩兒了。不會(huì)在海邊痛快地玩兒了。 6. Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere. Well. He _ have gone farhis coats still here. （05湖北卷）湖北卷） Ashouldnt Bmustnt Ccant Dwouldnt答案為答案為 C。表推測(cè)的用法。句意：。表推測(cè)的用法。句意：你知道你知道大衛(wèi)在哪兒?jiǎn)?？我哪兒也找不到他。大衛(wèi)在哪兒?jiǎn)?？我哪兒也找不到他。瞧，瞧，他不可能走遠(yuǎn)他不可能走遠(yuǎn)他的上衣還在這兒呢。他的上衣還在這兒呢。cant 相當(dāng)與相當(dāng)與 couldnt，但后者語(yǔ)氣更加委婉。，但后者語(yǔ)氣更加委婉。 練習(xí)練習(xí)1. The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. Oh, dear! She _ a lot of difficulties! (05 江蘇卷江蘇卷) A. may go through B. might go throughC. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through2. I have lost one of my gloves. I _ it somewhere. （05 北京春北京春季）季）A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped 3. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. （04 廣西）廣西） A. should have arrived B. should arriveC. should have had arrived D. should be arriving4. He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free. （05 山東卷）山東卷）A. could B. would C. must D. need5. Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today? Something _ to him. (05 江西卷江西卷) A. must happen B. should have happened C. could have happened D. must have happened6. I _ have been more than six years old when the accident happened. (05 天津卷天津卷)A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. mustnt D. needntChoose the best answer for each blank.1) I told him the news just now. Really? You _ him. He knew it already. A. shouldnt have told B. may have told C. neednt have told D. couldnt have told2) I cant find my pen anywhere. I _ it. Thats impossible. I saw you writing with it ten minutes ago. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lostC D 3) That must be Jack. It cant be him. He _ within such a short time. He said he would call me as soon as he arrived.A. mustnt have arrived B. B. shouldnt have arrivedC. cant have arrived D. need not have arrived4) Where are Joan and Mary? I think they _ early. A. should have left B. must have left C. can have left D. neednt have left5) Did you see that car nearly hit me? I _ killed. Yes. It was going so fast. Luckily you responded quickly.A. could have been B. may have been C. must have been D. was6) Mom, I swept the floor a moment ago. Thank you, son. But you _ it. Its not very dirty yet.A. should have swept B. neednt have sweptC. may have swept D. can have swept7) Its so dry these days. Even the plant is dead.Yes. You _ it more water.A. will give B. should have givenC. may send D. can have been sentB B 8) John passed the exam, although he didnt study very much for it. The exam _ difficult.A. cant have been B. must have been C. couldnt be D. might have been9) I wonder why they are late. They _ the train. A. can miss B. may have missed C. could miss D. might miss10) He _ to help us yesterday, but he didnt. You must forgive him. He was ill yesterday.A. should have come B. could have come C. must have come D. can have comeFind and correct the mistake in each of the following sentences.1)She should had finished the work three days ago.2) You are wet through. You should have been caught in the rain.She should have finished the work three days ago. You are wet through. You must have been caught in the rain. . 3) I must have helped them, but I wasnt able to.4) You mustnt have seen the movie before, for it was made last week.I should have helped him, but I wasnt able to.You cant have seen the movie before, for it was made last week5) All the lights were off at eleven last night. The students mustnt have been studying in the classroom until twelve.All the lights were off at eleven last night. The students cant have been studying in the classroom until twelve. Fill in each blank with the present perfect form of a model verb.1) Husband: I bought a new skirt for you. Wife: Thank you, dear. But you _ _ done that. Ive got so many.2) Mother: Who _ cooked the meal? Daughter: It must have been Father. Mother: It cant have been your father. He told me he was going to Chengdu on business this morning.have could/can have neednt3) Policeman: You _ stopped at the red light. Why did you keep on driving? Driver: Im terribly sorry. I didnt see the light.4) Teacher: Everyone is listening carefully. Why did you look out of the window? Student: Im sorry. I _ done that.should haveshouldnt have