《高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第3編語法突破 第11講 特殊句式（倒裝、省略和強(qiáng)調(diào)等）課件》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第3編語法突破 第11講 特殊句式（倒裝、省略和強(qiáng)調(diào)等）課件（24頁珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、第十一講第十一講 特殊句式特殊句式（倒裝、省略和強(qiáng)調(diào)等）（倒裝、省略和強(qiáng)調(diào)等）近幾年來高考對(duì)省略、倒裝、強(qiáng)調(diào)及其他一些特殊句式的考查較多，不但考查各種句式的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，而且考查在具體語境中的用法，以及與定語從句、狀語從句結(jié)合在一起的混合考查，有時(shí)還考查倒裝句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句的變形。從試卷看，這類題目的結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜程度及句意理解難度都加大了，并且注重知識(shí)類題目的情景也是近幾年高考命題的趨勢(shì)。省略句主要考查狀語從句中的省略。倒裝主要考查only狀語以及介詞、副詞、否定詞放在句首等。強(qiáng)調(diào)考查的是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型以及和其它句型混合在一起的用法。一、倒裝句用法一覽表類別倒裝條件倒裝方法典句示例全部倒裝(把全部謂語提到主語之前

2、)以here，there，in，up，down，away等副詞開頭，主語是名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞多為be，come，go等副詞謂語主語There stands a temple on the top of the mountain.Out rushed a cat from under the table.以then，now，always，once，many a time，now and then，thus，such開頭，謂語動(dòng)詞多為come，follow，begin，end，be，主語又是名詞時(shí)副詞謂語主語Now comes your turn.Often did I speak of him be

3、fore.Always does she ask me for money.類別倒裝條件倒裝方法典句示例全部倒裝(把全部謂語提到主語之前)表地點(diǎn)的介詞短語位于句首，且謂語動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞介詞短語謂語主語Between the two windows hangs a large map of China.Along the dusty road came a group of tourists.分詞或表語置于句首，為了保持句子平衡，以示強(qiáng)調(diào)，或上下文銜接可倒裝Outside the doctors clinic were 20 patients.Present at the meeting we

4、re experts from Europe.Gone are the days when we were poor.Hanging on the wall was a painting by Qi Baishi.such作表語時(shí)suchbe主語Such is life.Such is my reward.類別倒裝條件倒裝方法典句示例部分倒裝(助動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞be，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語之前)“only狀語”放于句首時(shí)/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語謂語其它部分Only then did I know the importance of learning.Only in this way can we solv

5、e the problem.Only after he finished the work did he leave.類別倒裝條件倒裝方法典句示例部分倒裝(助動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞be，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語之前)含有否定意義的副詞或詞組(never，nowhere，not，no，seldom，little，hardly，scarcely，barely，in no way，by no means，at no time，not until)位于句首時(shí)否定副詞或詞組助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語謂語其他部分Never before have I seen a moving film.Not until then d

6、id he realize his own fault.類別倒裝條件倒裝方法典句示例部分倒裝(助動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞be，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語之前)hardly/scarcely.when，no sooner.than，not only.but(also)等引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，前一個(gè)分句用部分倒裝，后一個(gè)分句不變hardly/no sooner/not only助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語謂語其他部分when/than/but also分句Hardly/No sooner had he arrived when/than she started complaining.Not only was the coa

7、t soft，but it was also warm.類別倒裝條件倒裝方法典句示例部分倒裝(助動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞be，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語之前)so/such.that中的so/such部分位于句首時(shí)soadj./adv.系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語謂語其他部分that從句So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.類別倒裝條件倒裝方法典句示例部分倒裝(助動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞be，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語之前)so

8、/neither/nor置于句首，意為“也”或“也不”，表示前面所說的情況也適用于另一個(gè)人或事物時(shí)so/neither/nor系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語. .They love having lots of friends，so do those with disabilities.Lily cant ride，neither/nor can Lucy.類別倒裝條件倒裝方法典句示例部分倒裝(助動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞be，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語之前)though/as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，意為“盡管”，通常把句中狀語、表語或動(dòng)詞提前；若表語是名詞，其前不用冠詞Man as he was，he behaved l

9、ike a woman.Fail though he did，he would never give up.Old as/though he is，he is still working hard.類別倒裝條件倒裝方法典句示例部分倒裝(助動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞be，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語之前)當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件從句中含有had，were或should時(shí)，如將if省略，則要將had，were或should移到主語之前Had/Were/Should主語謂語其他部分主句Had I attended the meeting，I would have met Jim.特別提醒：1.there，here，now，the

10、n，up，down，in，away，off，out等副詞置于句首，但主語為人稱代詞時(shí)，不用倒裝。2.only雖在句首，但不修飾狀語時(shí)用正常語序。3.so表示“是的，確實(shí)”時(shí)，主謂語不倒裝。4.though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句也可不用倒裝語序。5.當(dāng)前面兩件事或兩件以上的事也適合于另一人或物時(shí)，通常用“so it is with.”或“it is the same with.”Here you are.Then he left.Away they hurried.Only I can go there.It is hot.So it is.Though he is young，he knows a

11、 lot.Tom likes singing，but he doesnt like dancing.So it is with Mary.二、省略句用法一覽表種類要點(diǎn)歸納典句示例賓語從句由which，when，where或how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中與主句重復(fù)的主語及謂語，可全部或部分省略，只保留一個(gè)連接代詞或連接副詞He will come back，but he doesnt know when(he will come back)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的從屬連詞that可省略。但要注意，及物動(dòng)詞后跟兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí)，只有第一個(gè)連詞that可省略He told me(that)she

12、 was a beautiful girl and that she was clever.Im afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答語，后面so與not分別等于肯定和否定，賓語從句可省略Do you think it will rain？I hope not(that it will not rain)種類要點(diǎn)歸納典句示例定語從句在限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞that，which，whom充當(dāng)賓語，而且前面無介詞時(shí)可省略。關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時(shí)也可省略The car(which/that)his father gave him as a bir

13、thday present was stolen.China is no longer a country(that)it used to be.狀語從句當(dāng)狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致或從句的主語為it且從句中有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以省略狀語從句中的主語和be動(dòng)詞As(he was)a young man，he studied law and became a lawyer.He looked everywhere as if(he was)in search of something.The exhibition is more interesting than(it was)expected.

14、If(it is)so，you must go back and get it.虛擬語氣在虛擬條件句中，如含有had，were，should等助動(dòng)詞，if可省略，句子要用倒裝Were I(If I were)twenty now，I would join the army.種類要點(diǎn)歸納典句示例動(dòng)詞不定式不定式符號(hào)to的省略感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞(如feel，see，hear，notice，let，make，have等)后接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)省略toMy mother wouldnt let me go to see the film.在do nothing but，cant help but，w

15、hy not，would rather.than.，prefer to do.rather than.等句式中Rather than ride on a crowded bus，he always prefers to ride a bicycle.不定式省略使用不定式符號(hào)to來代替不定式后被省略的動(dòng)詞，常在be afraid，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等的后邊I asked him to see the film，but he didnt want to.在某些形容詞gla

16、d，happy，pleased，delighted，willing，ready，eager，anxious等后面Will you join in the game？Id be glad to.如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have和have beenAre you a sailor？No，but I used to be.三、強(qiáng)調(diào)句用法一覽表種類要點(diǎn)歸納典句示例強(qiáng)調(diào)句It is/was.that/who可以對(duì)除謂語以外的成分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為“人”時(shí)，可用that或who，其他情況下用thatIt was in the street that I saw

17、 him yesterday afternoon.在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語時(shí)，其后的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)緊跟其主語，即人稱和數(shù)要一致It is White and Betty who often do good deeds for the old lady.It is only I who/that am willing to go to see the film.種類要點(diǎn)歸納典句示例強(qiáng)調(diào)句如果原句的謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)須用：It is.that/who.；如原句的謂語動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)，則其結(jié)構(gòu)須用It was.that/who.It was I who saw him in the str

18、eet yesterday afternoon.What is it that you want me to do？“not.until.”句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)為“It is/was not until.that.”It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句型為：疑問詞is/wasitthat/who.？Where was it that you met Jack yesterday？特別提醒：強(qiáng)調(diào)句與其他從句的區(qū)別強(qiáng)調(diào)句型要注意和it代表時(shí)間、距離、

19、溫度、自然現(xiàn)象、具體事物或人物等時(shí)所構(gòu)成的各種句型的區(qū)別。判斷是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，可采用“還原法”，即把“It is/was.that/who”去掉。如果還原為一般句式后，句子各種成分完整，則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，否則不是。種類要點(diǎn)歸納典句示例謂語動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)do/does/did動(dòng)詞原形Do come on Sunday.He did finish the task completely last week.1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語從句的區(qū)別：定語從句中that是充當(dāng)從句的成分的，而在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，that無任何意義。It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，tha

20、t無意義)湯姆是在公園里丟的那只手表。It was the street that he took a photo of.(定語從句，that充當(dāng)從句中of的賓語)他就是給這條街照的相。2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句與主語從句的區(qū)別：it作形式主語，that引導(dǎo)真正的主語從句，去掉it be和that句式不完整。若為強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，去掉之后句式完整。It is a fact that he is an honest man.(主語從句)他是一個(gè)誠實(shí)的人，這是事實(shí)。It is he that is an honest man.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)誠實(shí)的人是他。3.強(qiáng)調(diào)句與狀語從句的區(qū)別：尤其出現(xiàn)“it be時(shí)間”時(shí)，一定要區(qū)分是強(qiáng)

21、調(diào)句還是時(shí)間狀語從句。It was eight oclock when he came back.(時(shí)間狀語從句)當(dāng)他回來時(shí)已經(jīng)8點(diǎn)了。It was at eight oclock that he came back.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)就在8點(diǎn)鐘他回來了。 四、祈使句祈使句用來表達(dá)說話人的請(qǐng)求、命令、建議、勸告等，謂語動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞原形。其主語是you，往往省略。常見的祈使句句型如下：1動(dòng)詞原形.如：Lay down your arms！放下武器！Be sure to get there before eight oclock.一定要在8點(diǎn)前趕到那兒。2Dont或Never動(dòng)詞原形.如：Never go

22、out alone at night!不要在夜晚單獨(dú)出去！3Do動(dòng)詞原形.(此句型表示強(qiáng)調(diào))。如：Do tell her about it.務(wù)必將此事告訴她。4主語動(dòng)詞原形.如：Tom，you go and see whats happening.Tom，去看看發(fā)生什么事情了。You，girls，clean the desk；you，boys，sweep the floor.你們女生，擦桌子。你們男生，打掃地板。5祈使句表示假設(shè)的情況(1)“祈使句and陳述句(一般將來時(shí))”。它的兩種特殊形式：名詞詞組and陳述句名詞詞組中通常含有more，another，further，earlier等詞。

23、One step further and youll fall down.再多走一步，你就會(huì)掉下去。Just a little patience and well look into it soon.耐心點(diǎn)兒，我們很快就會(huì)調(diào)查此事。祈使句破折號(hào)陳述句Try some of this juiceperhaps youll like it.嘗嘗這種果汁，也許你會(huì)喜歡的。 (2)“祈使句or/otherwise陳述句”。相當(dāng)于“if.not主句”。Hurry up or well be late for the meeting.If we dont hurry up，well be late for the meeting.快點(diǎn)，不然我們開會(huì)就遲到了。