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3 科技譯文 Modular machine tool profession present situation and development ponder ABSTRACT Present state and development direction of modular machine tool technology and equipment at home and abroad are summarized Some concepts of the author are set forth Keywords Modular machine Development thinking Technological innovation Our country joins after WTO the manufacturing industry faces opportunity and challenge coexisting The Modular machine tool profession enterprise at the right moment adjusts the strategy adopted positively should to the strategy appeared has produced Sells two prosperous good tendencies up to September 2002 an Modular machine tool profession enterprise only Modular machine tool product item the output has reached 800 according to incomplete statistics the output value reaches 3 above the hundreds million in 2001 the same ratio grew above 10 moreover Modular machine tool profession industry increase in value Product sales rate Whole staff total wages The exportation delivery value and so on the economic indicator has the varying degree growth new product The new technology goes to the yearly average to have the large scale enhancement the obvious profession enterprise operation condition is good 1 Modular machine tool technical equip present situation and trend of development The Modular machine tool and from the generation is the collection mechanical and electrical in a body synthesis automatic high technique of manufacture and the complete craft equipment Its characteristic is highly effective High grade The economy is practical thus is widely applied in the project machinery Transportation Energy War industry Light industry Professions and so on electrical appliances Our country tradition Modular machine tool and the Modular machine tool mainly use from the generation machine Electricity Gas The hydraulic control its processing object mainly produces the Modular machine tool processing connecting rod which the batch quite big major and medium flask body class and the axis class components the recent years developed The board and so on also occupies certain share completes the drill hole Broaching Reams processes each kind of thread Bore Surfacing and lug boss in hole boring each kind of shape trough as well as milling plane and formed surface and so on he Modular machine tool classification is many has the large scale Modular machine tool and the small Modular machine tool has one sided Two sided Three Horizontal type Vertical Inclined type Compound expression but also has the multi location rotation table model Modular machine tool and so on Along with the technical unceasing progress one kind of new Modular machine tool the flexibility Modular machine tool more and more receives people s favor it applies the multi position headstock May trade the headstock The code retinue jig and the cutting tool automatic replacement matches by programmable controller PLC Numerical control NC and so on Along with market competition aggravating and to product demand high accuracy High productivity Flexibility Multi varieties Short period The numerical control engine bed and is attacking the traditional Modular machine tool profession from the generation therefore the Modular machine tool equips the development mentality must be by increases the group bed processing precision Modular machine tool flexibility The Modular machine tool operational reliability gathers the engine bed technology the complete set for the main attack direction At the same time the enhancement technology application enhances the Modular machine tool product numerical control rate On the other hand further develops the new part the multi coordinates part causes its modulation in particular Flexibility adaptation adjustable invariable Multi variety processing market demand Super velocity and super elevation precision processing technical equip and compound Multi purpose The multiple spindle control device and so on is welcome deeply However more essential is the Modern Communication Technology in the engine bed equipment application the information communication introduction causes the modern engine bed the automatic further to enhance also has the quite big disparity in these aspect our country Modular machine tool equipment therefore our country Modular machine tool technical equip high velocity High accuracy Flexibility Modulation Adjustable invariable Random workable as well as the communication application will be the next development direction 2 Modular machine tool profession development ponders in the recent two years although the Modular machine tool profession production and marketing presents the trend of escalation but in the profession some enterprise similar existence debt management situation the primary cause is the traditional Modular machine tool product can satisfy the user flexibility High accuracy The short period market demand simultaneously Modular machine tool profession some enterprises have the modern management level to be low The brain drain is serious The achievements in scientific research cannot transform rapidly as flaws and so on productive forces For this proposed suggested as follows 1 enhancement modern management level after China joins WTO the urgent need enterprise raises the modern management level further deepens the enterprise interior reform establishes the perfect adaptation market economy the operational mechanism The establishment enterprise s science management system achieves the centralization to be correct Decentralization order The authorization has the chapter With the power having responsibility right intrinsic unification organic synthesis is enhances the enterprise controlling force to have must completely change the backward system must set up the globalization management idea sharpens the international market competitive ability establishes the market rapid reaction mechanism adapts the market demand which develops day by day 2 urgently awaited to sharpen the enterprise innovation ability enterprise s survival the key lies in the product the vitality to march into Electronic Age today the traditional Modular machine tool already cannot meet the high speed development domestic and foreign market requirement this request enterprise had to adapt the science and technology rapid development established the technological innovation system the advancement enterprise s technology advancement accelerated to the flexibility Numerical control High accuracy The short period direction develops enhances the Modular machine tool applicable scope and the market coverage Simultaneously implements the name brand strategy the struggle creates the world brand accelerates our country Modular machine tool development advancement causes Our country Modular machine tool Profession Enterprise to be in an impregnable position in the world manufacture domain In summary the Modular machine tool profession must develop the technical attack attacking and capturing current profession enterprise technological development difficult problem Two must strengthen and the overseas joint capital cooperation the use and the study overseas vanguard technology enhances the enterprise the modern management level and the technical level Three must through to introduce technical the digestion absorption to carry on innovates again develops own product through ours endeavor causes our country truly by to make the great nation to turn makes the powerful nation 中文翻譯 可編程控制器技術討論與未來發(fā)展 隨著時代的發(fā)展 當今的技術也日趨完善 競爭愈演愈烈 單靠人工的操作已 不能滿足于目前的制造業(yè)前景 也無法保證更高質量的要求和高新技術企業(yè)的形 象 人們在生產(chǎn)實踐中看到 自動化給人們帶來了極大的便利和產(chǎn)品質量上的保 證 同時也減輕了人員的勞動強度 減少了人員上的編制 在許多復雜的生產(chǎn)過程 中難以實現(xiàn)的目標控制 整體優(yōu)化 最佳決策等 熟練的操作工 技術人員或專 家 管理者卻能夠容易判斷和操作 可以獲得滿意的效果 人工智能的研究目標正 是 利用計算機來實現(xiàn) 模擬這些智能行為 通過人腦與計算機協(xié)調工作 以人機結 合的模式 為解決十分復雜的問題尋找最佳的途徑 我們在各種場合看到了繼電 器連接的控制 那已經(jīng)是時代的過去 如今的繼 電器只能作為低端的基層控制模 塊或者簡單的設備中使用到 PLC 的出現(xiàn)也成 而 為了劃時代的主題 通過極其 穩(wěn)定的硬件穿插靈活的軟件控制 使得自動化走向 了新的高潮 PLC 的最大特點 在于 電氣工程師已不再電氣的硬件上花費太多的心計 只 要將按鈕開關或感應 器的輸入點連接到 PLC 的輸入點上就能解決問題 通過輸出 點連接接觸器或 繼電器來控制大功率的啟動設備 而小功率的輸出設備直接連接 就可以 PLC 的內(nèi)部包含了具有中央處理器的 CPU 并帶有外部 I O 口擴展的 I O 接口 地 址和存儲器三大塊組成 CPU 的核心是由一個或者多個累加器組成 它們具有 邏 輯的數(shù)學運算能力 并能讀取程序存儲器的內(nèi)容通過計算后去驅動相應的存儲 器和 I O 接口 I O 口將內(nèi)部累加器和外部的輸入和輸出系統(tǒng)連接起來 并將相 關的數(shù)據(jù)存入程序存儲器或者數(shù)據(jù)存儲器中 存儲器可以將 I O 口輸入的數(shù)據(jù) 存 入存儲器中 并在工作時調轉到累加器和 I O 接口上 存儲器分程序存儲器 ROM 和數(shù)據(jù)存儲器 RAM ROM 可以將數(shù)據(jù)永久的存入存儲器中 而 RAM 只 能作為 CPU 計算時臨時計算使用的緩沖空間 PLC 的抗干擾是極其優(yōu)秀的 我 們根本不用去關心它的使用壽命和工作場合 的惡劣 這些所有的問題已不再成 為我們失敗的主題 而留給我們的是關心如何 來利用 PLC 的內(nèi)部資源為我們加 強設備的控制能力 使我們的設備更加的柔性 PLC 的語言并不是我們所想象的 匯編語言或 C 語言來進行編程 而是采用原 有的繼電器控制的梯形圖 使得電 氣工程師在編寫程序時很容易就理解了 PLC 的語言 而且很多的非電氣專業(yè)人 士也對 PLC 很快認識并深入 以上僅僅是 PLC 的優(yōu)點之一 這也是人們比較 容易理解的一部分 在很多的 設備中 人們已不再希望看到太多的控制按鈕 它們 不但容易損壞而且極易產(chǎn)生 人為的失誤 小的并不是主要的失誤也許你還能夠 接受 但過大的甚至是致命的 失誤是我們無法容忍的 新的技術總是為了給我們 帶來更安全和便捷的操作 使 得我們面臨的一大堆問題一掃而光 你有了解過 HMI 嗎 這里說 HMI 你根本不清 楚它是什么 也沒有興趣了解 換一個中文把 它說明為觸摸屏或者人機界面你就 知道了 它和 PLC 的結合給了我們更大的空 間 HMI 控制不僅僅是減少了控制按鈕 增加控制的靈活性 更主要的它是可順 序性的 而且在能夠改變數(shù)據(jù)輸入和數(shù)據(jù)輸出反饋 在溫度控制曲線的模擬也能 直觀的顯示出來 并且能夠通過編寫功能幫助程序來提供各種力所能及的幫助 使得操作者減少不必要的失誤 HMI 的廠商目前也越來越多 功能也越來越強 價格也越來越低 使用的面越來越廣 HMI 的前景可以說十分的看好 在很多場 合 單靠單機的控制是無法保證設備的順暢運行 而通過設備與設 備的信息交流 達到我們想要的效果 比如在前包裝和后工序的檢測 我們就要將 包裝的信息反 饋到檢測處 而檢測處的信息也要反饋到包裝來 這樣通過信息共 享來使得兩者 之間鏈接起來 形成一個共體 從而使的兩者間的配合更加的緊密 在彼此間達 到映影相揮的效果 PLC 的通信已經(jīng)愈來愈體現(xiàn)它的價值 在 PLC 與 PLC 之 間的通信 能夠通過 信息的溝通和數(shù)據(jù)的共享來保證設備之間的相互協(xié)調 已達 到互補的效果 PLC 之間的數(shù)據(jù)轉換采用 RS232 接口來傳送數(shù)據(jù) 而 RS232 接 口只能保證 10 米的傳 輸距離 如果在 1000 米的距離內(nèi)我們可以通過 RS485 來進行通信 更長的距離 只能通過 MODEL 來進行傳輸 PLC 的數(shù)據(jù)傳送只是 將內(nèi)部的數(shù)據(jù)傳送到對方的一塊連續(xù)的地址中 我們把 它稱為一個表 對方的 PLC 通過讀取表中的數(shù)據(jù)來進行操作 如果表中的數(shù)據(jù)是 一個一般設置的數(shù)據(jù) 的話 那只是一般的數(shù)據(jù)傳送 比如今天的油價上升了 我 要把油價的價格傳送到 所有的輸油機上 那就是數(shù)據(jù)的共享 而當表中的數(shù)據(jù)是 一段控制 PLC 的指令 程序 那就很有難度了 比如你要控制一臺機器人來按你想 象的動作工作 你會給 它編制一段程序并以數(shù)據(jù)的形式發(fā)送過去 信息輸送的形式有單工位 半雙工位 和全雙工位的分別 單工位的意義也就 是說兩者之間 一個只能發(fā)送 而一個只能 接收 比如一個特務他只能接收上司 的指示 而無法給上司回復 半雙工位也就是 兩個能都能發(fā)送和接受數(shù)據(jù) 但不 能同時發(fā)送和接受 比如你打電話時是不能接 電話 對方也一樣 而全雙工位是 兩者之間都能發(fā)送和接受數(shù)據(jù) 并可同時發(fā)送 和接受 像互聯(lián)網(wǎng)就是典型的例子 信息輸送的過程也有同步和異步之分 同步 的意義在于發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)時數(shù)據(jù)線和 時鐘線是同步的 也就是數(shù)據(jù)信號和時鐘信號 同時由 CPU 進行發(fā)送 這需要彼此 都要專門的時鐘信號來進行傳送和接送 并 且是強制性的 這種方法的特點在于 它的速度極快 但相應占用 CPU 的工作時 間也相對的要長 同時技術難度也非常 的大 它的要求在于在一幀的數(shù)據(jù)傳送中 不能有一位的誤差 不然的話整個數(shù)據(jù) 將發(fā)生錯誤 這在硬件上是一個比較大的 難度 在一些專用的設備中應用的越來 越廣泛 像專用的醫(yī)療設備 數(shù)字信號設備 等 在比較單一數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸中 它的 效果非常的好 而異步是應用范圍最廣泛的 這得益于它的技術難度相對要小 同時不需要 配制專門的時鐘信號 它的特點在 于 它的數(shù)據(jù)是間隔性的 離散性的發(fā)送和接 受 當 CPU 太忙的時候可以停頓性 去工作 在硬件上也減少了難度 同時數(shù)據(jù)的 丟失相對要少 我們可以通過數(shù)據(jù)的 檢測來觀察我們發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)是否有錯誤 像 奇偶法 累加法和八位效驗法等 都可 以用來幫助我們檢測發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)是否有錯 誤發(fā)生 通過反饋來進行辨別 信息的 傳送口線有串口和并口之分 通常的 PLC 是 8 位機 當然也有 16 位機 我 們在發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)的時候可以是一位一位的發(fā)送給對方 也可以 8 位 8 位的將數(shù) 據(jù) 發(fā)送到對方 一位和 8 位區(qū)別也就是我們所說的串口發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)和并口發(fā)送數(shù) 據(jù) 串口速度比較慢 但只要兩條或者三條口線就能解決問題 并能借用電話線來 進 行遠程控制 而并口的傳送速度是極快的 它是串口的 256 倍 在短距離占有 優(yōu) 勢 由于是 TTL 電平 一般限于 1 米的范圍 它并不適用于長距離的數(shù)據(jù)傳送 這樣成本太昂貴了 很多的情況下我們總喜歡采用串并轉換芯片來進行傳輸 這 種情況下不需要 我們進行過于復雜的寄存器設置了 而直接通過數(shù)據(jù)傳送指令 進行數(shù)據(jù)交流 但 在通信中并不是一個十分可行的辦法 因為在發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)的時候 對方的 PLC 必須一 直等待你的數(shù)據(jù)輸出 它不能去做其他的工作 當你在看書 的時候 你聽到有人敲門 你停下手上的事情 去打開門 并同 敲門者對話 這個時 候電話響了 你示意接個電話 在接完電話后 回過頭來同 敲門者繼續(xù)對話 對話 完畢后 你再繼續(xù)看你的書 這種情況我們把它稱為中斷 它具有權威性 也具有 優(yōu)先性 PLC 具備了這樣的功能 它的特點在于我們在設 備的操作過程中可能會 遇到緊急的突發(fā)事件 我們要立刻的停下手上的工作 去 處理更重要的事情 這 種情況是我們經(jīng)常所遇到的 在去執(zhí)行緊急的任務時 PLC 總會先保存目前的狀 態(tài) 比如程序的地址 CPU 的累加器數(shù)據(jù)等 就像我們?nèi)ラ_ 門時要記下我們看的 書在第幾頁了或者干脆作個記號 因為我們待會還要繼續(xù)接 著看后面的書 CPU 總是按照我們的意愿去做應該做的事情 但你錯誤的給它一 件事情 它也會同樣 的去做 這一點我們必須注意 中斷并不是只有一個 有時會同時存在幾個中斷 中 斷具有優(yōu)先的級別 他 們會根據(jù)人的要求去執(zhí)行更高級別的中斷 這種中斷中的 中斷也就形成了中斷嵌 套 當然中斷的級別根據(jù)各種 PLC 內(nèi)部 CPU 的資源有 關 同時也跟堆棧的容量大 小也有關系 中斷的內(nèi)容有很多種 比如外部中斷 通 信中的發(fā)送和接受中斷 定時和計 數(shù)的時鐘中斷 還有 WDT 復位中斷等 它們豐 富了 CPU 在處理各種事務時響應種 類 這樣講也許你并不能完全理解中斷的 內(nèi)部結構和操作順序 我們做一個小小 的例子來說明 每一個設備總是不會忘記 有一個按鈕 它也是在我們遇到緊急情況時使用的 那就是急停按鈕 當我們遇 到人身事故和意外情況時我們只要按下它 機器立即 停止所有的操作 并等待處 理完意外后再恢復操作 急停按鈕連接 PLC 內(nèi)部 CPU 的內(nèi)部 I O 接口上 當 按鈕給 CPU 一個外部觸發(fā)信號時 CPU 對 I O 進行再次檢 測 當確認有外部 觸發(fā)信號時 CPU 保護現(xiàn)場并將程序計數(shù)器自動轉到相應的外 部 I O 中斷程序 中去 當外部中斷程序處理完畢 程序計數(shù)器返回到主程序繼續(xù) 工作 有一點可以 說明的是我們一般會把急停按鈕的外部中斷升至最高級別 從 而保證安全 當我 們在工作完一個工件時 給 PLC 一個信號 將 PLC 的內(nèi)部計數(shù)器加 1 來 計算 我們一天的工作量時 一個簡單的計數(shù)器能解決問題 當然它們也能夠在掉 電的 情況下保持數(shù)據(jù) 促使數(shù)據(jù)不丟失 這也是我們所渴望的 PLC 還具有高級計數(shù)器 的功能 當我們在接受一些高速的數(shù)據(jù)時 這里所說 的高速是在在微秒級的數(shù)據(jù) 比如條碼掃描機在不斷的掃描數(shù)據(jù) 數(shù)據(jù)處理器 DSP 計算的高速信號等 我們就 要采用到高級計數(shù)器來幫助我們進行計數(shù) 它在 PLC 執(zhí)行程序時一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)高級 計數(shù)器對應的中斷 就會立即放下手上的工作 經(jīng) 過再次編程的梯形圖程序說明 我們在執(zhí)行程序時高級計數(shù)器會自動的執(zhí)行對應 的工作 從而將高級計數(shù)器的 級別升至高一級別 你也許聽過太多的這個詞 死機 大致的意思是 CPU 工作 量過大 內(nèi)部資 源不足等情況造成程序無法運行 PLC 也有類似的情況 在 PLC 內(nèi)部有一個看門 狗 WDT 我們可以設置 WDT 一個程序運行的時間 當程序運 行過程中出現(xiàn)程序跳 轉錯誤時或者程序繁忙時 程序的運行時間超過 WDT 的 設置時間 CPU 轉而 WDT 復位狀態(tài) 程序重新開始運行 但對中斷不會進行破壞 PLC 的發(fā)展已經(jīng)從單一的模式進入了通信的網(wǎng)絡時代 并同其它的工控網(wǎng)板 和 I O 卡板輕易的進行共享 組態(tài)軟件可以將所有的這些硬件連接起來 通過更 直 觀的動畫圖片來進行控制 并可以通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)在異地進行控制 像神舟五號的 發(fā) 射就是采用這種辦法來使飛船升空 更高層次的發(fā)展需要我們不斷的努力來取 得 PLC 的出現(xiàn)已經(jīng)足足影響了幾代 人 我們也從上一輩的經(jīng)驗中獲取了更多 的知識和教訓 來不斷的發(fā)展 PLC 技術 將它推向更高浪潮 外文資料翻譯 PLC technique discussion and future development Along with the development of the ages the technique that is nowadays is also gradually perfect the competition plays more more strong the operation that list depends the artificial has already can t satisfied with the current manufacturing industry foreground also can t guarantee the request of the higher quantity and high new the image of the technique business enterprise The people see in produce practice automate brought the tremendous convenience and the product quantities for people up of assurance also eased the personnel s labor strength reduce the establishment on the personnel The target control of the hard realization in many complicated production lines whole and excellent turn the best decision etc well trained operation work technical personnel or expert governor but can judge and operate easily can acquire the satisfied result The research target of the artificial intelligence makes use of the calculator exactly to carry out imitate these intelligences behavior moderating the work through person s brain and calculators with the mode that person s machine combine for resolve the very complicated problem to look for the best path We come in sight of the control that links after the electric appliances in various situation that is already the that time generation past now of after use in the mold a perhaps simple equipments of grass roots control that the electric appliances can do for the low level only And the PLC emergence also became the epoch making topic adding the vivid software control through a very and stable hardware making the automation head for the new high tide The PLC biggest characteristics lie in The electrical engineering teacher already no longer electric hardware up too many calculationses of cost as long as order the importation that the button switch or the importation of the sensors order to link the PLC up can solve problem pass to output to order the conjunction contact machine or control the start equipments of the big power after the electric appliances but the exportation equipments direct conjunction of the small power can PLC internal containment have the CPU of the CPU and take to have an I O for expand of exterior to connect a people s address and saving machine three big pieces to constitute CPU core is from an or many is tired to add the machine to constitute mathematics that they have the logic operation ability and can read the procedure save the contents of the machine to drive the homologous saving machine and I Os to connect after pass the calculation The I O add inner part is tired the input and output system of the machine and exterior link and deposit the related data into the procedure saving machine or data saving machine The saving machine can deposit the data that the I O input in the saving machine and in work adjusting to become tired to add the machine and I Os to connect saving machine separately saving machine RAM of the procedure saving machine ROM and datas the ROM can can do deposit of the data permanence in the saving machine but RAM only for the CPU computes the temporary calculation usage of hour of buffer space The PLC anti interference is very and excellent our root need not concern its service life and the work situation bad these all problems have already no longer become the topic that we fail but stay to our is a concern to come to internal resources of make use of the PLC to strengthen the control ability of the equipments for us make our equipments more gentle PLC language is not we imagine of edit collected materials the language or language of Cs to carry on weaving the distance but the trapezoid diagram that the adoption is original after the electric appliances to control make the electrical engineering teacher while weaving to write the procedure very easy comprehended the PLC language and a lot of non electricity professional also very quickly know and go deep into to the PLC Is PLC one of the advantage above and only this is also one part that the people comprehend more and easily in a lot of equipmentses the people have already no longer hoped to see too many control buttons they damage not only and easily and produce the artificial error easiest small is not a main error perhaps you can still accept But lead even is a fatal error greatly is what we can t is tolerant of New technique always for bringing more safe and convenient operation for us make we a lot of problems for face on sweep but light do you understand the HMI Says the HMI here you basically not clear what it is also have no interest understanding change one inside text explains it into the touch to hold or man machine interface you knew it combines with the PLC to our larger space HMI the control not only only is reduced the control press button increase the vivid of the control more main of it is can sequence of and at can the change data input to output the feedback with data control in the temperature curve of imitate but also can keep the manifestation of view to come out And can write the function help procedure through a plait to provide the help of various what lies in one s power the one who make operate reduces the otiose error Currently the HMI factory is also more and more the function is also more and more strong the price is also more and more low the noodles of the usage are wide more and more The HMI foreground can say that think to be good very At a lot of situations the list is is a smooth movement that can t guarantee the equipments by the control of the single machine but pass the information exchanges of the equipments and equipments to attain the result that we want For example fore pack and the examination of the empress work preface we will arrive wrapping information feedback to examine the place and examine the information of the place to also want the feedback to packing Pass the information share thus to make both the chain connect becoming a total body the match of your that thus make is more close at each other attain to reflect the result that mutually flick The PLC correspondence has already come more more body now its value at the PLC and correspondence between PLCs can pass the communication of the information and the share of the datas to guarantee that of the equipments moderates mutually the result that arrive already to repair with each other Data conversion the adoption RS232 between PLC connect to come to the transmission data but the RS232 pick up a people and can guarantee 10 meters only of deliver the distance if in the distance of 1000 meters we can pass the RS485 to carry on the correspondence the longer distance can pass the MODEL only to carry on deliver The PLC data transmission is just to be called a form to it in a piece of and continuous address that the data of the inner part delivers the other party we the PLC of the other party passes to read data in the watch to carry on the operation If the data that data in the watch is a to establish generally that is just the general data transmission for example today of oil price rise I want to deliver the price of the oil price to lose the oil ally on board that is the share of the data But take data in the watch for an instruction procedure that controls the PLC that had the difficulty very much for example you have to control one pedestal robot to press the action work that you imagine you will draw up for it the form that a procedure combine with the data sends out to pass by The form that information transport contain single work the half a work and the difference of a workses The meaning of the single work also is to say both a can send out only but a can receive only for example a spy he can receive the designation of the superior only but can t give the superior reply A work of half is also 2 and can can send out similar to accept the data but can t send out and accept at the same time for example when you make a phone call is to can t answer the phone the other party also But whole pair works is both can send out and accept the data and can send out and accept at the same time Be like the Internet is a typical example The process that information transport also has synchronous and different step cent The data line and the clock lines are synchronous when synchronous meaning lie in sending out the data is also the data signal and the clock signals to be carry on by the CPU to send out at the same time this needs to all want the specialized clock signal each other to carry on the transmission and connect to send and is constrained the characteristics of this kind of method lies in its speed very quick but correspond work time of take up the CPU and also want to be long oppositely at the same time the technique difficulty also very big Its request lies in can ting have an error margins in a datas deliver otherwise the whole piece according to compare the occurrence mistake this on the hardware is a bigger difficulty Applied more and more extensive in some appropriative equipmentses be like the appropriative medical treatment equipments the numerical signal equipments etc in compare the one data deliver its result is very good And the different step is an application the most extensive this receive benefit in it of technique difficulty is opposite and want to be small at the same time not need to prepare the specialized clock signal its characteristics to lie in its data is partition the long lost send out and accept be the CPU is too busy of time can grind to a stop sex to work also reduced the difficulty on the hardware the data throw to lose at the same time opposite want to be little we can pass the examination of the data to observe whether the data that we send out has the mistake or not be like strange accidentally the method tired addition and eight efficacies method etc can use to helps whether the data that we examine to send out have or not the mistake occurrence pass the feedback to carry on the discriminator A line of transmission of the information contain a string of and combine the cent of The usual PLC is 8 machines certainly also having 16 machines We can be an at the time of sending out the data a send out to the other party also can be 88 send out the data to the other party an and 8 differentiationses are also the as that we say to send out the data and combine sends out the data A speed is more and slowly but as long as 2 or three lines can solve problem and can use the telephone line to carry on the long range control But combine the oscular transmission speed is very quick of it is a string of oscular of 25600 occupy the advantage in the short distance the in view of the fact TTL electricity is even being limited by the scope of one meter generally it combine unwell used for the data transmission of the long pull thus the cost is too expensive Under a lot of circumstances we are total to like to adopt the string to combine the conversion chip to carry on deliver under this kind of circumstance not need us to carry on to depositted the machine to establish too and complicatedly but carry on the data exchanges through the data transmission instruction directly but is not a very viable way in the correspondence because the PLC of the other party must has been wait for your data exportation at the time of sending out the data it can t do other works When you are reading the book you hear someone knock on door you stop to start up of affair open the door and combine to continue with the one who knock on door a dialogue the telephone of this time rang you signal hint to connect a telephone after connecting the telephone through return overdo come together knock on door to have a conversation after dialogue complete you continue again to see your book this kind of circumstance we are called the interruption to it it has the authority also having sex of have the initiative the PLC had such function Its characteristics lie in us and may meet the urgently abrupt affairs in the operation process of the equipments we want to stop to start immediately up of work the whereabouts manages the more important affair this kind of circumstance is we usually meet of PLC while carry out urgent mission total will keep the current appearance first for example the address of the procedure CPU of tired add the machine data etc be like to to stick down which the book that we see is when we open the door the page or simply make a mark because we treat and would still need to continue immediately after book of see the behind The CPU always does the affair that should do according to our will but your mistake of give it an affair it also would be same to do this we must notice The interruption is not only a sometimes existing jointly with the hour several inside break break off to have the preferred Class they will carry out the interruption of the higher Class according to person s request This kind of breaks off the medium interruption to also became to break off the set The Class that certainly break off is relevant according to various resources of CPU with internal PLC also following a heap of capacity size of also relevant fasten The contents that break off has a lot of kinds for example the exterior break off correspondence in of send out and accept the interruption and settle and the clock that count break off still have the WDT to reset the interruption etc they enriched the CPU to respond to the category while handle various business Speak thus perhaps you can t comprehend the internal structure and operation orders of the interruption completely also we do a very small example to explain Each equipments always will not forget a button it also is at we meet the urgent circumstance use of that is nasty to stop the button When we meet the Human body trouble and surprised circumstances we as long as press it the machine stops all operations immediately and wait for processing the over surprised empress recover the operation again Nasty stop the internal I O of the internal CPU of the button conjunction PLC to connect up be to press button an exterior to trigger signal for CPU the CPU carries on to the I O to examine again being to confirm to have the exterior to trigger the signal CPU protection the spot breaks off procedure counts the machine turn the homologous exterior I O automatically in the procedure to go to also be exterior interruption procedure processing complete the procedure counts the machine to return the main procedure to continue to work Have 1 00 can what to explain is we generally would nasty stop the button of exterior break off to rise to the tallest Class thus guarantee the safety When we are work a work piece giving the PLC a signal counting PLC inner part the machine add 1 to compute us for a day of workload a count the machine and can solve problem in brief certainly they also can keep the data under the condition of dropping the electricity urging the data not to throw to lose this is also what we hope earnestly The PLC still has the function that the high class counts the machine being us while accept some datas of high speed the high speed that here say is the data of the in all aspects tiny second class for example the bar code scanner is scanning the data continuously