陜西省英語八年級(下)Units 3Units 34 4 1borrow(v.)_(反義詞)借出 2waste(v.)_(adj.)浪費的 3stress(n.)_(adj.)有壓力的 4develop(v.)_(n.)發(fā)展 5fair(adj.)_(n.)公正性_(adj.反義詞)不公平的 6ill(adj.)_(n.)病lendwastedstressfuldevelopmentfairnessunfairillness 7independent(adj.)_(n.)獨立 8communicate(v.)_(n.)交流；溝通 9clear(adj.)_(adv.)清楚地 10compete(v.)_(n.)競爭 11type(n.)_(adj.)典型的 12usual(adj.)_(adj.反義詞)不尋常的_(adv.)通常independencecommunicationclearlycompetitiontypicalunusualusually 1_the rubbish倒垃圾 2_the floor掃地 3_the bed鋪床 4_the time頻繁；反復(fù) 5_一就；盡快 6in _目的是；為了 7_on依靠；信賴 8take _of照顧；處理take outsweepmakeallas soon asorder todependcare 9_重要的事 10look _瀏覽；快速查看 11work _解決；成功地發(fā)展 12get on (well) _和睦相處；關(guān)系良好 13argue _sb.和某人吵架 14give sth._ to sb.把某物歸還給某人 15_to do sth.主動做某事big dealthroughoutwithwithbackoffer 16_with與交流 17_with sb.與某人競爭 18_out刪除；刪去 19not._.直到才 20compare._.比較；對比 21in ones _依看 22get into a _sb.和某人打架communicatecompetecutuntilwithopinionfight with1Could I _finish _this show？我至少看完這個節(jié)目行嗎？2She _happy if she sees this mess.如果她看到這樣不整潔，她會不高興的。3 S h e d i d n t d o a n y h o u s e w o r k a n d _I她沒有做家務(wù)活，我也沒有做。4Could I use your computer？我能用一下你的電腦嗎？Sorry.Im going to _now.對不起，我現(xiàn)在要用它工作。5My mom came over _I sat down in front of the TV.我一在電視機前坐下，我媽媽就過來了。at leastwatchingwont beneither didwork on itas soon as 6Children these days _their parents too much.如今的孩子們依賴父母親太多。 7_kids learn to be independent _it is for their future.孩子們越早學(xué)會獨立，對他們的未來就越好。 8 M y p a r e n t s d o n t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ m e t o _with my friends.我父母不允許我和朋友們一起出去閑逛。 9_go to sleep earlier this evening？為什么今晚你不早點兒去睡呢？ 10I found my sister _my things yesterday.昨天我發(fā)現(xiàn)我妹妹翻閱我的東西。depend onThe earlierthe betterallowhang outWhy dont youlooking through11_shes wrong，its not a _盡管她不對，但這也不是什么大不了的事。12My problem is that I cant _my family.我的問題是我不能和我的家人和睦相處。13_，he watches _he wants until late at night.相反，晚上無論他想看什么就看到很晚。14You should _that you dont _him _TV all the time.你應(yīng)該說明你不介意他總是看電視。15You are _ speaking _people.你害怕在人們面前說話。16Your best friend doesnt trust you _你最好的朋友不再信任你。Althoughbig dealget on withInsteadwhateverexplainmindwatchingafraid ofin front ofany more WHILE【典例在線】 I was taking a bath while my mother was preparing dinner.我媽媽準(zhǔn)備晚餐的時候，我正在洗澡。 Tom was watching TV while (he was) eating.湯姆邊吃邊看電視。 while作從屬連詞，意為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r候；在期間”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，其謂語動詞必須為延續(xù)性動詞。它強調(diào)主句的動作在從句動作的過程中發(fā)生，或者主句的動作與從句的動作同時發(fā)生，且持續(xù)時間一般較長。當(dāng)while所引導(dǎo)的從句與主句的主語相同，且該從句的動詞為be動詞時，從句的主語和be動詞有時可以省略。【拓展精析】 【活學(xué)活用】 1)_ the children have fun，parents can take dancing lessons on the beach. AThough BIfCWhileDOnce 2)It seems that you are happy，why? I met an old friend of mine while I _ on the street.(2014，涼山) Awalks Bwalk Cwas walking Dam walkingCC IN ORDER TO 【典例在線】 In order to get a complete picture，further information is needed.為了掌握全面情況，還需要詳細(xì)資料?！就卣咕觥?in order to意為“目的是；為了”，比單純的to do更強調(diào)“目的”，可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。其否定形式為in order not to do。 3)Many people give money to Project Hope _ help the poor children to go to school. Aas soon as Beven though Cso that Din order to【活學(xué)活用】D 【典例在線】 Do you mind if I open the window？我打開窗戶，你會介意嗎？ Would you mind parking your car there？你介意把車子停到那邊嗎？ Not at all.不介意。 mind mind動詞，意為“介意；在乎”，后常接動名詞作賓語，不能接動詞不定式。 Would you mind.？是交際用語中表示“請求”的常用句型，意為“你介意嗎？”其肯定回答(即不介意對方做某事)常用：Not at all./Certainly not./Of course not.等。否定回答(即介意對方做某事)常用：Im sorry，but./Im afraid you cant./Yes，youd better not等?！就卣咕觥?4)Would you mind _ the window？Its very hot. No，not at all.(2013，婁底) Aopen Bto open Copening 5)I want to put up the picture on the wall.Would you mind helping me with it? _With pleasure.(2014，江西) AOf course BOf course not CYoud better not DThanks a lot【活學(xué)活用】CB 【典例在線】 Who allowed you to leave the camp？誰允許你離開營地的？ They allowed smoking in this room only.他們只允許在這個房間里抽煙。 You are not allowed to smoke here.這里不允許吸煙。 allowallow動詞，意為“允許；準(zhǔn)許”。allow sb.to do sth.允許某人做某事allow doing sth.允許做某事be allowed to do sth.被允許做某事【拓展精析】 6)The little girl was crying because her mother didnt allow her _ the icecream.(2014，重慶) Aeat Beats Cto eat Date 7)In our school，boys are not _(allow) to have long hair.【活學(xué)活用】Callowed AS SOON AS 【典例在線】 The baby began to cry as soon as she saw her mother.那個嬰兒一看見她媽媽就開始哭。 Well go to play basketball as soon as the rain stops tomorrow.明天雨一停我們就出去打籃球?！就卣咕觥?as soon as意為“一就”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。在使用時，要注意主、從句時態(tài)一致。當(dāng)主句是一般將來時或過去將來時時，從句應(yīng)對應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時或過去時?！净顚W(xué)活用】 8)Henry will give us a report as soon as he _(2013，河北) Aarrives Barrived Cis arriving Dwill arrive Could you please clean your room？請你打掃一下你的房間好嗎？A Could you please sweep the floor？請你打掃一下地板，好嗎？ Yes，of course.好的，當(dāng)然可以。 Would you please not open the door？請你不要開門，好嗎？【典例在線】 could不是can的過去式，而是表示禮貌、委婉或不確定的語氣，常用于請求幫助(第二人稱)或請求允許(第一人稱)的疑問句中。Could you please.？是一個婉轉(zhuǎn)請求別人幫忙的句型，其后接動詞原形。其肯定回答為：OK/Yes/Sure/Of course/No problem等；否定回答有：Sorry/No，Im afraid not/Id love to，but.等。 常見的表示委婉請求的方式還有： 以would開頭的句式 用wish/hope提出請求 用帶please的祈使句提出請求 注意：could/would you please后面接動詞原形，其否定形式是在動詞原形前加not。【拓展精析】 1)Could you help me put up the maps on the wall? _(2012，銅仁) ANo problem BI hope so CThats all right DThats a good idea She did not do any housework and neither did I她沒有做任何家務(wù)活，我也沒做。【活學(xué)活用】A【典例在線】 I didnt go to the park last Sunday.上周日我沒去公園。 Neither did I我也沒去。 They will play soccer tomorrow.他們明天去踢足球。 So will we.我們也去踢。 She knows little English.她英語懂得不多。 So she does.她的確如此。【拓展精析】 “Neither/Nor助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/be主語”表示與上述否定情況相同。 “So助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/be主語”表示與上述肯定情況相同。 “So主語助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/be”表示強調(diào)，即對前面所說的情況加以肯定。【活學(xué)活用】 2)I cant play the piano，and _(2013，黃石) Aneither can my sister Bmy sister cant，too Cso cant my sister Dcan my sister，either 3)My grandma is used to living in the city. _(2014，益陽) ASo my grandpa is BSo is my grandpa CSo my grandpa did The earlier kids learn to be independent，the better it is for their future.孩子們越早學(xué)會獨立，對他們的未來就越好。AB【典例在線】 The more you eat，the fatter you will be.吃得越多，你就越胖。 Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.我們的國家正變得越來越美麗?！净顚W(xué)活用】 4)_ you are，_ mistakes you will make in the test. AThe more careful；the fewer BThe more carefully；the fewer CThe more careful；the less DThe more carefully；the less 5)The weather is becoming _(2014，蘭州) Ahotter and hotter Bmore hot and hot Choter and hoter Dmore and more hot Why dont you talk to your parents？你為什么不和你的父母交談呢？ AA【典例在線】 Why dont you buy a suit for your husband？你為什么不給你丈夫買一套西服呢？ Why not learn some Chinese pop songs？為什么不學(xué)一些中國的流行歌曲？ What/How about going for a walk？去散步怎么樣？【拓展精析】 Why dont you do sth.？Why not do sth.？是提建議的一種表達方式。類似的表達方式還有： What/How about doing sth.? Shall we do sth.? Lets do sth. Youd better do sth. 其肯定答語為Good idea！/OK./Wonderful！/Great！/Sounds good！等；其否定答語為Sorry，but.等?！净顚W(xué)活用】 6)What should I get my mom for her birthday? Why _ get her a scarf？(2013，貴陽) Adont you Bdo you Care you 7)Look！Its raining heavily！_ take a raincoat with you? Well，Ill take one right now.(2014，阜康) AWhy not BWhy dont CWould you mind DWould you like borrow，lend，keepAA【典例在線】 I borrowed a book from Jack yesterday.昨天我從杰克那里借了本書。 Jack lent me a book yesterday./Jack lent a book to me yesterday.昨天杰克借給我一本書。 How long can I keep the book？這本書我可以借用多長時間？【拓展精析】 borrow指“借入”或“借他人的東西供自己使用”。固定短語borrow sth.from sb.意為“向某人借某物”。 lend指“(把自己的東西)借出”。固定短語lend sb.sth.或lend sth.to sb.意為“借給某人某物”。 keep意為“保存；保留”，可引申為“借用”，此時常與一段時間或how long等連用。 【活學(xué)活用】 1)Jim，can I _your car? Sorry，I _it to Steven just now. How long will he _it? Two days. provide，offerborrowlentkeep【典例在線】 They provided the children with good food and clothing.他們給孩子們提供了良好的衣服食物。 The manager offers a job to me in his company.那個經(jīng)理在他的公司里給我提供了一份工作?！就卣咕觥?provide意為“提供；供應(yīng)”，常用于provide sb.with sth.或provide sth.for sb.固定搭配中。 offer意為“提供；給予”，常用于offer sb.sth.或offer sth.to sb.固定搭配中。另offer to do sth.意為“(主動提出)做某事”?！净顚W(xué)活用】 2)That company _(提供) us with 3，000 dollars in 2012.(2013，黃岡) 3)Parents often _ their children _ some good advice.(2014，蘭州) Aoffer；with Boffer；/ Cprovide；with Dboth B and C instead，instead of，rather thanprovidedD【典例在線】 Last summer I went to Qingdao.This summer Im going to Dalian instead.去年夏天我去了青島。今年夏天我將改去大連。 We should do something instead of just talking about it.We should do something rather than just talk about it.我們不應(yīng)該只是談?wù)?，而?yīng)該做點什么。【拓展精析】 instead作副詞，意為“代替；而不是”，常位于句首或句末。 instead of和rather than都可以表示“而不是”，常位于句中，兩者都可接名詞、代詞等作賓語。若后接動詞時，instead of后接v.ing，rather than后常接動詞原形?！净顚W(xué)活用】 4)If youre busy，you may come another day _ 5)He would play computer games _do his homework. 6)You should try your best to finish it _giving up.insteadrather_thaninstead_of 一、根據(jù)句意及首字母或漢語提示完成單詞。 1_(無論什么) you say，I wont believe you any more. 2He was too _(緊張的) to say anything. 3Mark lost one of his _(手指) in that accident. 4Some middle school students cant get enough sleep under the _(壓力) of school work. 5We should do something useful _of just waiting. 6There are lots of black _Its going to rain. 7You should _the books to the library in time. 8Li Ming _talk shows because he thinks they are boring.Whatevernervousfingerspressureinsteadcloudsreturnhates 二、根據(jù)句意，用括號中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 9Many foreigners are surprised at the rapid _(develop) of China.(2013，貴陽) 10They stopped _(argue) when they saw the teacher walking into the classroom. 11We all care much about the _(fair) of the competition. 1 2 I t s n e c e s s a r y t o m a k e k i d s l e a r n t o b e _(independence) 13Here is a way to improve your _(communicate) skills. 14Mary began to watch TV after she _(sweep) the floor. 1 5 D r i v i n g o n m o u n t a i n r o a d s a l w a y s m a k e s m e _(stress)(2013，寧夏)developmentarguingfairnessindependentcommunicationsweptarguing 三、單項選擇。 16Why dont you watch TV at home? Id love to，but my mother doesnt allow me _ that.(2014，呼和浩特) Ado Bdid Cto do Ddoing 17Could I _ your iPad，Alice? Of course.Here you are.(2013，濟南) Alend Bkeep Cborrow Creturn 18I dont _ the heat，for Im used to hot weather.(2014，安徽) Alike Bmind Cknow DstandCCB 19As a student，we should study hard. Yes._ we study，_ results well get.(2014，益陽) AThe hard；the good BThe harder；the best CThe harder；the better 20Sir，could you please put out your cigarette？This is a smokefree (無煙的) school. _(2013，菏澤) AIm sorry about this BNo problem CSure，Id love to DNever mindCA 四、根據(jù)漢語意思完成下列句子。 21你不該總把你的孩子與別的孩子相比較。 You shouldnt always _your kids _other kids. 22南希不購物，我也不去。 Nancy wont go shopping，and _I. 23我一到上海就給你寫信。 Ill write to you _I get to Shanghai. 24她報了警，以便警察能幫她找回被盜的小汽車。 She called the police _the policeman could help find her lost car. 25一些學(xué)生認(rèn)為做家務(wù)是浪費時間，但我不同意。 Some students think doing housework is _，but I parewithneither willas soon asso thata waste of time 寫作典例之煩惱與微笑 (一)(2013，荊門) 假如你是劉強，你在學(xué)校學(xué)生會里看到一項關(guān)于學(xué)生遇到的種種“煩惱”的調(diào)查。請你閱讀以下20位學(xué)生填寫的調(diào)查表，然后從中選擇你認(rèn)為最大的煩惱，并根據(jù)自己的實際經(jīng)驗或體會，給出建議。 要求： 1根據(jù)提示內(nèi)容，選出一種煩惱，并給出建議。 2邏輯清楚，語句通順，行文流暢，自由發(fā)揮，觀點不限，無需標(biāo)題。 3文中不能以任何形式出現(xiàn)真實人名、校名和縣(市)區(qū)名及其他相關(guān)信息。 4詞數(shù)：100左右?！痉段男蕾p】I am Liu Qiang.I think its not strange to have worries.Some students say they have become fat and that really makes them feel bad about themselves.I think this is one of the biggest worries for us.But I think we can do something about it.First，you could eat less.The body needs food for energy，but youll become fat if you eat more than your body needs.If you eat less，the body can burn more calories than you eat.Second，do more exercise.Doing exercise can also help the body burn the calories and make you thinner.There are many ways to do exercise.For example，you could go to school on foot or by bike.Dont worry too much.I think you will become fit soon. (二)(2014，綏化) 微笑，是對他人表示友善和關(guān)愛，微笑可以給人激勵，可以使人奮進，請你結(jié)合自己的經(jīng)歷談?wù)勗谀愕纳钪姓l的微笑打動了你，為什么他/她的微笑會打動你，你有什么體會呢？ 參考詞匯：encourage，selfconfidence (自信)，smile at【范文欣賞】 Smiles are beautiful and important.A smile given to the right person at the right time can light that persons day. I was once moved by a smile from my friend.Three years ago，when I made a speech on my first day of class，I was so nervous that I couldnt say a word.Tony，one of my classmates，sitting in the front row，smiled at me and spoke in a low voice，“Yes，you can.”I was greatly encouraged by his smile.His smile was important because it gave me selfconfidence. I will never forget my friends smile because Ive learned that something so simple can make a big difference.