專題限時(shí)集訓(xùn)(三)概要寫作訓(xùn)練1A(2016·浙江省名校聯(lián)考)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。In many societies，there is often greater acceptance of light skin than dark skin.Light skin may be seen as a mark of beauty，intelligence and success.These beliefs can lead to social pressure even within the same racial or ethnic group，if some members are darker skinned than others.The result is that skin lightening has become a common activity across Africa，Asia and other areas of the world.More and more people with dark skin are using skin­lightening products，even if they may face health risks.They believe that having whiter skin will improve their lives.Many people think they will have a better chance of getting a job or marrying into a better family.Or they want to look like what their society generally considers beautiful.Some beauty care products and soaps contain chemicals that make skin lighter.This process is also called bleaching(漂白)But some of the chemicals are extremely dangerous.One of the chemicals has been linked to kidney(腎) damage and some kinds of cancer.It also causes low birth weight in babies when mothers use it during pregnancy.At first，bleaching products make the skin color lighter.But after long­term use they can cause problems.They can even make some skin darker.The chemicals in the products block and break down the natural process that gives color to skin.The skin loses its natural barrier to protect against sunlight.Then the skin can become thick and discolored.Usually the person will use more of the product in an effort to correct the problem，but this only makes it worse.Doctor Ly，who works in a hospital，says the chemicals are now more dangerous because they are stronger.Some cases have resulted in blackened fingernails，infections and permanent skin damage.And these are not the only risks.Experts say some people who change their skin color suffer emotional damage.They feel regret and sadness.They feel that instead of risking their health，they should have learned to love and accept their skin color as it was. 【寫作指導(dǎo)】本文屬于說明文，全文使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。首先，閱讀材料，了解文章的基本內(nèi)容。本篇閱讀材料由六段組成，主要內(nèi)容是：許多人認(rèn)為皮膚白晳就是美美白化妝品流行分析這些美白化妝品的危害醫(yī)生的建議。然后，確定概要內(nèi)容。按照“提出問題分析問題解決問題”的模式概括文章大意。最后，根據(jù)行文需要添加過渡詞，如therefore，however，what's worse，thus等，使文章過渡自然，條理清晰?！緟⒖挤段摹縈any people prefer light skin to dark skin，believing that it helps improve their life and caters to the social standard of beauty.(要點(diǎn)1)Therefore，it is common to try skin­lightening products.(要點(diǎn)2)However，bleaching containing chemicals has long­lasting harmful effects on physical condition and emotions.What's worse，it may fail to achieve expected results.(要點(diǎn)3)Thus，doctors recommend people not to put their health at risk but love and accept their natural colors.(要點(diǎn)4)【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：85602027】B閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Every year，especially during the spring and early summer，the lives of many young animals are disrupted.People may attempt to “save” these animals，and more often than not，the mother is nearby.Young rabbits found at a nest site do not need to be rescued.The mother rabbit will not return as long as a person is standing near the nest site.If you've kicked open a nest，just replace the top of the nest，and leave.The mother will return and care for the young.Cottontail rabbits leave their young for hours while eating，but they do return to nurse the young，until the young are old enough to survive on their own.Young rabbits are ready to leave the nest at three to four weeks of age when their eyes are open and their bodies are furry.Young birds are sometimes found on the ground near a nest.When this happens，the best thing to do is to put the bird carefully back into the nest.Don't worry about getting your scent on the bird；it will not affect the mother's care.If you can't reach the nest，leave the bird on the ground.Every bird alive today has spent a few precarious days on the ground while learning to fly.The best thing you can do during this time of year to protect young wildlife is to keep cats indoors.When young raccoons are found out alone，it is likely they are merely exploring and their mother is nearby.They are probably old enough to be fully capable of climbing back up a tree to their den.If they were too young to climb，the mother would carry them back.If you find a young fawn laying alone，leave it there.The mother comes back several times each day to nurse the fawn.If you've already picked the fawn up and brought it home，put it back.Even one or two days after removal from the wild，fawns have been successfully reunited with their mothers，by returning them to the place where they were found. 【寫作指導(dǎo)】本文屬于說明文。第一段主要是介紹了春季和初夏時(shí)節(jié)，許多動(dòng)物幼崽受到驚擾時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該如何處理。后面四段列舉了四類小動(dòng)物的現(xiàn)狀和應(yīng)對(duì)措施。【參考范文】The passage introduces that many young animals are disrupted during the spring and early summer.(要點(diǎn)1)So the author tells us how to prevent them from being bothered，(要點(diǎn)2)including replacing the top of the nest，and leaving when opening the nest；putting the bird back into the nest when seeing a bird on the ground；leaving it there when finding a fawn laying alone.(要點(diǎn)3)C閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Many people who drink alcohol also like to smoke cigarettes.Drinking and smoking seem to be closely linked.Some people might even say they go together hand­in­hand.But this may be more than just a mixing of two fairly common activities.New research has looked more closely at the relationship between cigarettes and alcohol.And the relationship is equally dependent.Smoking and drinking seem to feed on each other.These are the exact words of Mahesh Thakkar.He is head of research in the Department of Neurology at the University of Missouri's School of Medicine.Thakkar explains that when a person drinks alcohol they get sleepy.He says a drug in cigarettes fights that sleepy feeling.That drug，nicotine，can be addictive; smokers need more cigarettes because of their body's growing dependence on the drug.So，if a person smokes，then he or she is much more likely to drink alcohol，and vice versa.Thakkar says，“They feed off one another.”Researchers have already known that people who use alcohol often smoke.In fact，earlier research shows that more than 85 percent of alcohol­dependent American adults also depend on nicotine.Thakkar's earlier research showed that nicotine combined with alcohol stimulates what he calls the “reward center” of the brain.However，the new study shows a dependent relationship between the substances.Thakkar says his team “found that nicotine weakens” the sleep­causing effects of alcohol.It does this by activating an area of the brain called the basal forebrain.According to the Psychology Definition website，that area is responsible for memory，learning and attention.For this new experiment，Thakkar and his team used equipment that measures brain activity in rats.They injected the rats with both nicotine and alcohol，and then studied brain activity in the animals as they slept.The researchers find that nicotine goes through the basal forebrain(基底前腦) and cancels out the sleep­causing effects of alcohol. 【寫作指導(dǎo)】議論文通常包括論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論三部分，因此寫議論文的概要首先要找出主題句(the topic sentences)、支撐句(supporting sentences)和結(jié)論句(conclusion sentences)，其中最主要的是找準(zhǔn)主題句。概要模板：論點(diǎn)論據(jù)(結(jié)論)。通讀全文可知，本文的論點(diǎn)為：前三段；第四段到第十段為論據(jù)，本文沒有結(jié)論句?！緟⒖挤段摹縏he relationship between smoking and drinking is equally dependent.And smoking and drinking seem to feed on each other.(主題句)When a person drinks alcohol they get sleepy so they need more cigarettes to fight that feeling.(論據(jù)1)If a person smokes，he or she is more likely to drink alcohol.(論據(jù)2)The new study shows a dependent relationship between them.(論據(jù)3)Nicotine goes through the basal forebrain and cancels out the sleep­causing effects of alcohol.(論據(jù)4)D閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。We've reached a strangesome would say unusualpoint.While fighting world hunger continues to be the matter of vital importance according to a recent report from the World Health Organization (WHO)，more people now die from being overweight than from being underweight.It's the good life that's more likely to kill us these days.Worse，nearly 18 million children under the age of five around the world are estimated to be overweight.What's going on?We really don't have many excuses for our weight problems.The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by public­health campaigns since 2001 and the message is getting throughup to a point.In the 1970s，F(xiàn)inland，for example，had the highest rate of heart disease in the world and being overweight was its main cause.Not any more.A public­health campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 percent over the past three decades.Maybe that explains why the percentage of people in Finland taking diet pills doubled between 2001 and 2005，and doctors even offer surgery of removing fat inside and change the shape of the body.No wonder it ranks as the world's most body­conscious country.We know what we should be doing to lose weightbut actually doing it is another matter.By far the most popular excuse is not taking enough exercise.More than half of us admit we lack willpower.Others blame good food.They say：it's just too inviting and it makes them overeat.Some also blame their parentstheir genes.But unfortunately，the parents are wronged because they're normal in shape，or rather slim.It's a similar story around the world，although people are relatively unlikely to have tried to lose weight.Parents are eager to see their kids shape up.Do as I saynot as I do. 【寫作指導(dǎo)】所給短文是一篇議論文。文章以論證的方式說明了優(yōu)質(zhì)生活導(dǎo)致的肥胖問題給人們的健康帶來的危害，呼吁人們積極行動(dòng)遠(yuǎn)離肥胖，不要再找借口。寫作時(shí)應(yīng)注意把握文章要點(diǎn)：1.優(yōu)質(zhì)生活成了人們健康的殺手；2.始于2001年的公眾健康運(yùn)動(dòng)讓人們意識(shí)到肥胖的危害以及在減少肥胖方面所起的作用；3.人們采取消極行動(dòng)去減肥；4.人們不要再找借口，應(yīng)該積極采取行動(dòng)遠(yuǎn)離肥胖。寫作時(shí)應(yīng)注意上下文連貫及詞數(shù)要求?！緟⒖挤段摹縉owadays，good life becomes the killer of our health.(要點(diǎn)1) Since 2001，people have gradually realized the dangers of overweight by public­health campaigns.(要點(diǎn)2) But they took some negative measures to lose weight.(要點(diǎn)3) Although there are some excuses like lacking of exercise，good food or genes，people should act positively to lose weight.(要點(diǎn)4)【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：85602028】6