Unit 5 Canada“The True North” LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGEMeaning for multi- wordsmulticulturalmulticoloredmultinationalmultimediamultistorymultichannelincluding many culturesmade of many colorsincluding many nationsusing many mediahaving many storieshaving many channelsMore words formed using multi-multiformmultitrackMultifaithMultimemberexisting in many formsmade of many tracksincluding many religions/faithsmade of many members/peopleMeaning for -wards wordseastward(s)forward(s)upward(s)outward(s)downward(s)backward(s)to the eastahead, to the frontto higher position/level out, in a direction awayto lower position/levelto the rear, to the backMeaning for -wards wordswestward(s)southward(s)northward(s)inward(s)toward(s)to the westto the southto the northto the insidein a direction toAnswer key for Exercise 2:1. baggage 2. minister3. quiz 4. chat5. aboard 6. scenery7. slightly 8. surroundAnswer key for Exercise 3: surrounds, border, measuring, within, harbour, urban 同位語從句同位語從句 1. 概念概念: 在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。 2. 功能功能: 同位語從句對名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)同位語從句對名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容。容。 3. 用法用法: 常跟的抽象名詞有常跟的抽象名詞有: fact/ idea/reason/ thought/order/ doubt/news/hope/ truth/belief 4. 連詞連詞 that/whether/who/ which/ what /when /where/why/how同位語從句與定語從句區(qū)別同位語從句與定語從句區(qū)別: : 1. 從詞類上區(qū)別從詞類上區(qū)別 同位語從句前面的名詞只能是同位語從句前面的名詞只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等有一定內(nèi)涵的等有一定內(nèi)涵的名詞，而定語從句的先行詞可以是名詞名詞，而定語從句的先行詞可以是名詞,代詞代詞,主句的一主句的一部分或是整個主句。部分或是整個主句。 He told me the news that he would come home from aboard soon. Word came that he had been abroad. 據(jù)說他已經(jīng)出國了。據(jù)說他已經(jīng)出國了。 Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我們的隊贏了我們的隊贏了, 這讓我們很高興。這讓我們很高興。 (定語從句定語從句) ( (同位語從句同位語從句) ) 2. 2.從性質(zhì)上區(qū)別從性質(zhì)上區(qū)別 定語從句是從句對其先行詞的定語從句是從句對其先行詞的修飾或限制修飾或限制, ,屬于形容詞性從句的屬于形容詞性從句的范疇范疇; ;而同位語從句是從句對前面而同位語從句是從句對前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一步的說明和解釋抽象名詞的進(jìn)一步的說明和解釋, ,屬于名詞性從句的范疇，如屬于名詞性從句的范疇，如: : The news that our team has won the game was true. 我們隊贏了那場比賽的消息是真的。我們隊贏了那場比賽的消息是真的。 (同位語從句同位語從句, 補充說明補充說明news到底是一個什么消息到底是一個什么消息) The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告訴我的那個消息是真的。昨天他告訴我的那個消息是真的。 (定語從句定語從句, news在從句中作在從句中作told的賓語的賓語) 3. 從引導(dǎo)詞及其在句子中的成分上區(qū)別從引導(dǎo)詞及其在句子中的成分上區(qū)別 有些引導(dǎo)詞如有些引導(dǎo)詞如how, whether, what 可以引導(dǎo)同可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句位語從句, 但不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。但不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。 如如: That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我們是否需要它這個問題還沒有考慮。我們是否需要它這個問題還沒有考慮。 (同位語從句同位語從句) 引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句時引導(dǎo)定語從句時, 在在從句中一般作主語或賓語從句中一般作主語或賓語 (指物時還指物時還可以用可以用which代替代替), 并且作賓語時常并且作賓語時常常省略，常省略，that在同位語從句中僅起連在同位語從句中僅起連接作用接作用, 不充當(dāng)任何成分不充當(dāng)任何成分, 并且不能并且不能省略省略, 也不能用也不能用which來代替，如來代替，如: The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我們應(yīng)派幾個人去幫別的幾個小我們應(yīng)派幾個人去幫別的幾個小組的命令昨天收到了。組的命令昨天收到了。 (同位語從句同位語從句, 是對是對order的具體解的具體解釋釋, that雖不作成分雖不作成分, 但不能省略但不能省略) The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我們昨天收到的命令是我們應(yīng)該派幾個人去幫助別的我們昨天收到的命令是我們應(yīng)該派幾個人去幫助別的幾個小組。幾個小組。 (定語從句定語從句, 是名詞是名詞order的修飾語的修飾語, that在從句中作在從句中作received的賓語的賓語, 可以省略可以省略) 1. The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A. that B. what C. why D. which 2. The fact _ he was successful proves his ability. A. that B. what C. which D. why AA練一練！練一練！ 3. The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A. what B. that C. why D. when 4. His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A. which B. that C./ D. it BB 5. I have no idea _ he will start. A. when B. that C. what D./ 6. Ive come from the government with a message _ the meeting wont be held tomorrow. A. if B. that C. whether D. which BA 7. The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him. A. when B. which C. what D. that 8. The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A. which B. whether C. that D. what DC 9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear _ he would die of the disease. A. that B. as C. of which D. which A 10. He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing. A. whether B. where C. that D. when 11. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed. A. as B. which C. what D. that AB 11. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whether B 13. Luckily, wed brought a road map without _ we would have lost our way. A. it B. that C. this D. which 14. Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom? A. that B. what C. as D. whichDB 15. One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. that B. what that C. that what D. whether that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句，補充說明引導(dǎo)同位語從句，補充說明view; what引導(dǎo)主語從句并在同位語從句中作主引導(dǎo)主語從句并在同位語從句中作主語。語。C16. A story goes _Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. A. when B. where C. what D. thatD17. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whetherB18. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need_. A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improvingA19. There is a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO isnot never. A. that B. which C. of which D. whatA20. I have no idea _ we can spend our holiday. A. where B. which C. that D. whatA21. The news _ he told us yesterday is not true, but the news _ our team has won the match is true. A. /; that B. that; / C. that; which D. that; whoA22. The question occurred to me _ the book was worth reading. A. what B. whether C. which D. ifB1. We were excited at the news. Our football team had won a third match .2. They have made a new plan. Another experiment building will be put up beside the library. I.合并成一句合并成一句:We were excited at the news that our football team had won a third match.They have made a new plan that another experiment building will be put up beside the library.3. They had the question. Could he pass the final exam?4. Who did the damaged computer belong to? No one had any idea. They had the question whether he could pass the final exam.No one had any idea who the damaged computer belonged to.5.The problem has been solved. Why were so many areas flooded during the heavy storm? The problem why so many areas were flooded during the heavy storm has been solved.II. 判斷下列哪些含有同位語從句，哪判斷下列哪些含有同位語從句，哪些含有定語從句。些含有定語從句。 The news that we had successfully sent up another communication satellite spread throughout the world. Thats the best piece of news Ive heard.同同定定 Is there any hope that he will be home at 7? Ive no hope that my parents have been expecting to me.同同定定 The possibility that you referred to doesnt exist at all. There is a strong possibility that we may be in France for the next week.同同定定USING STRUCTURES ON P71、721. His suggestion that we should take the train from west to east across Canada sounds very exciting.2. The idea that they would clone the first human being surprised many people at the meeting.3. He broke the rule that no one is allowed to smoke on the campus.4. The Chinese basketball fans were wild with joy when they heard the news that Yao Ming had collected forty points for the Houston Rockets in the game.5. Mary left a message with me for you that she wont be able to see you off this afternoon.6. There is no doubt that he is the right person for this job.7. In the letter he expressed the hope that he would come and visit China again.8. The captain gave the order that all the soldier had to reach the village before dawn.9. Not everyone present agrees to his thought that it is impossible to finish the work before the end of this month.