專題八形容詞和副詞 一、基本用法 形容詞的基本用法如下表：句法功能例句作定語The research lacks solid evidence，and therefore，its conclusions are doubtful.(2012浙江高考)作表語Trains are fast and convenient，but rush hours can be terrible.作賓語補(bǔ)足語Life is hard there，and the mountains make communications difficult.作主語補(bǔ)足語The upper closet was found empty.作主語或賓語(與the或所有格連用)On buses，the young offer their seats to the old，the sick and the disabled.作伴隨狀語The survivors lay on the beach，exhausted and shocked. 副詞的基本用法如下表：句法功能例句作狀語修飾動(dòng)詞We used to see each other regularly，but I havent heard from him since last year. (2012遼寧高考)修飾形容詞Wang Wei can be really stubborn.修飾其他副詞Neither Tom nor Susan can swim very well.修飾全句Obviously there is much room for improvement in our work.作表語Michael is abroad.作定語Which is the way out？作賓語補(bǔ)足語I am very glad to see you back. 二、形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí) 形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)分為原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。 【悟一悟參透誤區(qū)】 以下形容詞及其副詞無比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)：relative，absolute，perfect，entire，senior，golden，afraid，unique，present，simply，right，wrong，sure，round，empty，wonderful等。 1比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成 (1)規(guī)則形式 單音節(jié)以及少數(shù)以ow(如narrow)結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞或副詞，在原級(jí)后加er，est構(gòu)成。如：clevercleverercleverest。其他特殊變化見下表：特殊情況構(gòu)成方式例詞以e結(jié)尾加r和stbravebraverbravest以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾變y為i，再加er和esthappyhappierhappiest以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾雙寫詞尾，再加er和esthothotterhottest 多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞，在原級(jí)前加more，most構(gòu)成。 activemore activemost active happilymore happilymost happily (2)不規(guī)則形式 good/wellbetterbest farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest bad /ill /badlyworseworst oldolder/elderoldest/eldest many/muchmoremost littlelessleast 2基本用法 (1)兩者相比(甲乙)，用“as原級(jí)as”表示。 For cheerleaders，their sport is just as serious as baseball or football. 【悟一悟參透誤區(qū)】 在同等比較級(jí)中，若同時(shí)出現(xiàn)形容詞修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，其語序?yàn)椋篴sadj.an.as。 I have never had as boring a day as today. (2)兩者相比(甲乙)，用“比較級(jí)than”表示，(甲乙)用“l(fā)ess原級(jí)than”表示。 Seeking information on the Internet is more convenient than searching in a library. 【悟一悟參透誤區(qū)】 在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中，than從句常常省略，要通過上下文來理解。 Traveling from place to place is now so much cheaper and easier. (4)三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物比較，表示最高程度時(shí)，用“the最高級(jí)比較范圍”表示。 During the 1990s，Michael Jordan was probably the bestknown basketball player in the world. 3特殊用法 (1)“比較級(jí)and比較級(jí)”和“more and more原級(jí)”表示“越來越”，其反義詞組為“l(fā)ess and less原級(jí)”。 In many ways my disability has made me grow more and more independent. (2)“the比較級(jí)，the比較級(jí)”表示“越，就越”。 The more upset I got，the less I was able to concentrate. (3)“more原級(jí)than”表示“與其說不如說”。 The girl was more frightened than hurt. (4)“more than主語can謂語”表示“非所能；不能”。 The beauty of the city is more than I can describe. (5)形容詞比較級(jí)前一般不用冠詞，但如果出現(xiàn)表示范圍的短語時(shí)，就需要加定冠詞。 Of the two sisters，Mary is the cleverer. 【悟一悟參透誤區(qū)】 有時(shí)形容詞最高級(jí)前不用the，句中的most相當(dāng)于very，意為“非常；十分”。 I am most happy to get your email. 4比較級(jí)形式表示最高級(jí)含義 (1)在某個(gè)特定范圍內(nèi)，同類事物對(duì)比，可用以下比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級(jí)含義： China is the largest country in Asia.Thats，it is larger than any other country in Asia. (2)never.a形容詞比較級(jí)單數(shù)名詞/nothing.形容詞比較級(jí)。 I have never heard a better voice./Nothing is better than the voice. 學(xué)以致用 .用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1(2014安徽高考)With online shopping increasingly popular，the Internet is seen as a(n)_(efficiently)way of reaching target customers. 2(2014湖北高考)What was so_ _(impression)about Jasmine Westlands victory was that she came first in the marathon barefooted. 3(2014湖北高考)Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase，she gave him a_(tolerance)smile and let him go. 4(2014浙江高考)The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others _(blind) 5(2014湖北高考)Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said_(sharp)，“Dont be so mean，” pointing a finger of warning at her. 6(2014大綱全國卷)Raymonds parents wanted him to have the_(well)possible education. 7Ive been writing this report_(occasion) for the last two weeks，but it has to be handed in tomorrow. 8His teacher took a deep drink，smiled_(warm)，and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. 9The teacher replied，“You tasted the water.I tasted the gift.The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love.Nothing could be_(sweet)” 10He was very tired after doing this for a whole day，but he felt very happy since the crop did“grow”_(high) 11This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their_(nature) course. 12We drank together and talked_(merry) till far into the night. 13One of the_(bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher，Ms Chen. 14Games are often_(excite) and dramatic，but they generally arent very intellectual. 15Seated in a comfortable chair，listening to the peaceful music，youll be brought into a_(relax) state of mind. 16“How much is a dish of plain ice cream？”he asked.Some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grew a bit_(patience)“Thirty five cents”，she said_(rude) 答案1.efficient2.impressive3.tolerant4.blindly5.sharply6.best7.occasionally8.warmly9.sweeter 10higher11.natural12.merrily13.worst14.exciting15.relaxed16.impatient；rudely .翻譯句子 1我從未聽過比這更讓我震驚的事情。 _ 2那是個(gè)非常感人的故事。 _ 3兩兄弟中約翰更勇敢些。 _ 4你不如你弟弟細(xì)心。 _ 5廣州是中國最大的城市之一。 _ 答案 1I havent heard a more surprising thing than this. 2It is a most touching story. 3John is the braver of the two brothers. 4You are less careful than your brother. 5Guangzhou is one of the largest cities in China.