題型專題突破第二部分第二部分專題十二閱讀理解專題十二閱讀理解第第4講詞義猜測題講詞義猜測題 詞義猜測題是利用上下文語境推測判斷某些單詞或詞組的詞義。猜詞是應(yīng)用英語語言的重要能力，也是高考?？疾榈念}型?？忌ㄟ^構(gòu)詞、語法、定義、同位、對比、因果、常識(shí)以及上下文等線索來猜測詞語的含義。 1題型特點(diǎn) (1)考查考生運(yùn)用構(gòu)詞法和句法的技能。 (2)在特定語境中的特定含義，往往需通過上下文來理解。名師點(diǎn)撥 2常見的設(shè)問方式 What does the word “” refer to? The word “” is closest in meaning to _. The underlined word“”in the first/secondparagraph probably means _. By “”， the author means/refers to _. The word“it/them”in the first/secondparagraph refers to _. Which of the following words can take the place of the word“”？ Unlike her gregarious sister，Jane is a shy，unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make new friends. 分析：此句是把Jane與她姐姐對比。Jane生性靦腆，不愛交際，而她姐姐卻與之相反，那就是“愛交際的”了，這也就猜出gregarious的詞義了。(2015全國卷C)Salvador Dali(19041989)was one of the most popular modern artists. The Pompidou Center in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory.There is also LEnigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artists showman qualities.典題在線 The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain. The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities(無限)“From the infinity small to the infinity large，contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus：amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museumtheater in Figueras，”explains the Pompidou Center. The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid，Spain，and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg, Florida. 1What does the word “contributions”in the last paragraph refer to? AArtworks.BProjects. CDonations.DDocuments. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文介紹了巴黎蓬皮杜藝術(shù)中心正在展覽最受歡迎的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)家之一薩爾瓦多達(dá)利的藝術(shù)作品，并對此次展覽的作品、展覽的形式、展品的來源等進(jìn)行了介紹。 1【解析】詞義猜測題。最后一段提到該展覽中的主要作品是通過與不同機(jī)構(gòu)組織的合作而精選(the fine selection of the major works)出的，又點(diǎn)明contributions來自其他機(jī)構(gòu)，所以可推斷出contributions應(yīng)該屬于works的范疇。故選A項(xiàng)。 【答案】APassenger pigeons(旅鴿) once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群) so large that they darkened the sky for hours.It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeonsa number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers has already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles(about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati. Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing.Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands.Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants. By the closing decades of the 19th century, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans need for wood, which scattered(驅(qū)散) the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline. Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again. In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900. For a time, a few birds survived under human care. The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1,1914. 2The underlined word“undoing”probably refers to the pigeons _. Aescape Bruin CliberationDevolution 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是記敘文。文章介紹了美國的旅鴿的數(shù)量曾經(jīng)多到飛行時(shí)能夠遮天蔽日，后來人類的濫捕濫殺和對它們棲息地的破壞導(dǎo)致了它們的數(shù)量銳減。雖然后來通過立法對其進(jìn)行保護(hù)，但是野外已經(jīng)很難看到旅鴿的身影了。 2【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，由于當(dāng)時(shí)人們認(rèn)為旅鴿數(shù)量很多，可以源源不斷地供應(yīng)，因此成千上萬的旅鴿被捕殺。由此可以推斷第三段第一句句意：正是旅鴿的數(shù)量巨大導(dǎo)致了它們種群的滅亡。escape意為“逃跑”；ruin意為“毀滅”；liberation意為“解放”；evolution意為“進(jìn)化”。故選B項(xiàng)。 【答案】B專題對點(diǎn)特訓(xùn)專題對點(diǎn)特訓(xùn)詞義猜測題詞義猜測題(一一)專題對點(diǎn)特訓(xùn)專題對點(diǎn)特訓(xùn)詞義猜測題詞義猜測題(二二)