UNIT 3 THE MILLION POUND BANK NOTE撫養(yǎng)，提出撫養(yǎng)，提出打賭打賭允許做某事允許做某事允許某人做某事允許某人做某事前進，可以前進，可以偶然，不小心偶然，不小心盯著看盯著看導致，做出解釋導致，做出解釋正相反正相反冒險冒險禮貌禮貌以粗魯?shù)姆绞揭源拄數(shù)姆绞讲妥蓝Y儀餐桌禮儀bring upmake a bet (on) permit / allow doing sth.permit / allow sb. to do sth.go aheadby accidentstare ataccount foron the contrarytake a chancegood mannersin a rude mannertable manners以以.為基礎(chǔ)為基礎(chǔ)出生于出生于11月月30號號以以.為背景為背景因為因為.而最出名而最出名一大筆錢一大筆錢大量的錢大量的錢 / 工作工作處理處理在人行道上在人行道上穿過左邊的門穿過左邊的門帶路帶路介意做某事介意做某事對對.微笑微笑在乎，關(guān)心在乎，關(guān)心be based onbe born on Novermber 30thbe set inbe best known fora large sum of moneya large amount of money / workdo with / deal withon the pavementthrough the door on the leftlead the waymind doing sth.smile atcare about從某人的心底從某人的心底一種莫大的榮譽一種莫大的榮譽坐在桌旁坐在桌旁衣衫襤褸衣衫襤褸from the bottom of ones hearta great honoursit down at a tablein rags find oneself + 介詞短語介詞短語 / 分詞分詞 （發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不知不覺處于某種狀態(tài)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不知不覺處于某種狀態(tài)) 他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己躺在醫(yī)院里。他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己躺在醫(yī)院里。 He found himself lying in hospital. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被鎖在房間里。他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被鎖在房間里。 He found himself locked in the room.感官動詞感官動詞 see / hear / watch / notice + 賓語賓語 + 賓補賓補to do / doing / done1. novel n. 小說小說 a. 新奇的新奇的2. wander - wonder3. permit v. 許可許可 n. 通行證通行證 4. spot n. 污點，地點污點，地點 vt. 認出，發(fā)現(xiàn)認出，發(fā)現(xiàn)5. scream n. / v. 尖叫聲尖叫聲6. bow n. / vi. 鞠躬，彎腰鞠躬，彎腰7. passage n. 船費，船費， 通道，走廊，段落通道，走廊，段落a novel by an American writerpermittedspottedpermission n.bowed - bowedon the spot8. scene n. 現(xiàn)場現(xiàn)場, 場面場面, 景色景色, (戲劇戲劇)一場一場What a fantastic mountain scene! 景色景色The boy led his mother to the scene of the accident. 現(xiàn)場現(xiàn)場The scene in the hospital is very moving. 場面場面The last scene of the play was very impressive. (戲劇戲劇) 一場一場9. wealth - wealthy health - healthy n. a.scenery u風景（總稱）風景（總稱）10. change vt.1)使改變使改變, 使變化使變化 On second thoughts he changed his mind. When heating, we can change ice into water. 2)兌換兌換(錢錢) Let me change the dollar bill for coins. 讓我把這張美元的紙鈔換成硬幣。讓我把這張美元的紙鈔換成硬幣。 vi. 改變改變, 變化變化 In fall the leaves change from green to brown. 秋天秋天,樹葉由綠變成褐色。樹葉由綠變成褐色。 change . intochange from . to n. 1)變化變化 Many changes have taken place since then. 自那以來自那以來,發(fā)生了許多變化。發(fā)生了許多變化。 2)零錢零錢;找零找零 u He needs some change for the phone. 陳述句的強調(diào)陳述句的強調(diào)Jim found a wallet in the street yesterday. It was Jim that / who found a wallet in the street yesterday.It was a wallet that Jim found in the street yesterday.It was in the street that Jim found a wallet yesterday.It was yesterday that Jim found a wallet in the street.1. 強調(diào)句強調(diào)句 一般疑問句的強調(diào)一般疑問句的強調(diào)Was he late for school because of his illness?Was it because of his illness that he was late?Did he return his motherland in 1972?Was it in 1972 that he returned his motherland? 特殊疑問句的強調(diào)特殊疑問句的強調(diào)What made him unhappy?What was it that made him unhappy?How did you solve the problem?How was it that you solve the problem? not until 的強調(diào)句的強調(diào)句He didnt go home until 10 oclock. It was not until 10 oclock that he went home. 謂語動詞的強調(diào)謂語動詞的強調(diào)I heard him singing in the classroom just now.I did hear him singing in the classroom just now. 1. be doing . when . be about to do . when . I was cooking in the kitchen when the telephone rang. I was about to leave when it began to rain.2. - How much money do you have on you ? - Sorry, none. 3. The reason (why . )is that . 我遲到的原因是我起來太晚了。我遲到的原因是我起來太晚了。 The reason why I was late is that I got up too late. It is because. 那是因為人的力氣是有限的。那是因為人的力氣是有限的。 It is because ones strength is limited. 4. The waiter came to take their order. 男侍來請他們點菜。男侍來請他們點菜。 - May I take your order now? - Yes, I would like some fish and chips.Summary The Million Pound Bank Note is a short story Mark Twain. The story is about an American businessman whowas out to sea by a strong wind when outof the bay. He earned his by working anunpaid hand and arrived in London by . Buthe was there and didnt know what to do. One day,when on the pavement, he was s by twobrothers. They a bet a man in couldsurvive with nothing except a million bank note. They gavea to him and told him to make a promise hewouldnt open it until 2 oclock. With the letter in his hand,he went into a . At first, he was treated arude manner. But after seeing the letter, their attitude bycarriedsailingpassageasaccidentlostwanderingpottedmadeweatherragsletterrestaurantthatintotally . They to him and asked him to forget the bill as he left. They said it was a great for them to have him sit here.changedbowedhonour 名詞性從句名詞性從句賓語從句賓語從句表語從句表語從句主語從句主語從句同位語從句同位語從句語法語法一一. 賓語從句賓語從句在復合句中作賓語的從句稱作賓語從句在復合句中作賓語的從句稱作賓語從句，可以作動，可以作動詞的賓語，也可以作介詞及某些形容詞的賓語。詞的賓語，也可以作介詞及某些形容詞的賓語。引導賓語從句詞有：引導賓語從句詞有：連詞連詞 that(無詞義，無成分）無詞義，無成分） if，whether（有詞義，無成分）（有詞義，無成分）連接代詞連接代詞who，whom，whose，what，which whoever, whatever, whichever (有詞義，有成分，擔任主，賓，表）有詞義，有成分，擔任主，賓，表）連接副詞連接副詞when，where，how， why (有詞義，有成分，擔任狀語）有詞義，有成分，擔任狀語）1. 連詞連詞(引導詞引導詞)1) 當賓語從句是陳述句時當賓語從句是陳述句時(包括肯定句和包括肯定句和 否定句否定句), 連詞由連詞由that引導引導, 因為因為that在從句在從句 中不作任何成分中不作任何成分, 也沒有任何具體意思也沒有任何具體意思, 因此在口語或非正式文體中常省略。因此在口語或非正式文體中常省略。Lin Tao thinks (that) his own team is even better. She says (that) she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.賓語從句中的連接詞賓語從句中的連接詞that在以下三種情況在以下三種情況下不能省略：下不能省略：當當that 從句與另一名詞性從句并列作從句與另一名詞性從句并列作 賓語時賓語時, 第二個第二個that不能??；不能省；當當that作介詞賓語時作介詞賓語時, that不可省掉。不可省掉。用用it做形式賓語的賓語從句。做形式賓語的賓語從句。Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.2) 當賓語從句是一般疑問句時當賓語從句是一般疑問句時, 由連詞由連詞whether或或if引導引導(口語中常用口語中常用if), 在句中不擔任成分在句中不擔任成分, 但具但具有一定的意義有一定的意義(是否是否), 所以不能省略。所以不能省略。Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandmaliked the handbag .Lets see if /whether we can find out someinformation about that city .She asked me if /whether she could borrowthese books . whether和和if都可以引導賓語從句。都可以引導賓語從句。 a. 當當whether后緊跟后緊跟or not時時, 不用不用if. I dont know whether I will stay or not.b. 介詞介詞后面的賓語從句不能用后面的賓語從句不能用if. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.c. if 不能與不定式不能與不定式to do 連用連用 I dont know whether to go.whether 和和 if 的使用區(qū)別的使用區(qū)別3) 當賓語從句是特殊疑問句時當賓語從句是特殊疑問句時, 由連接代詞由連接代詞(what, who, whom, which, whose) 或連接或連接副詞副詞(when, where, how, why)引導引導, 因為連接因為連接代詞或連接副詞在從句中擔任一定的句子成分代詞或連接副詞在從句中擔任一定的句子成分, 具有一定的意義具有一定的意義, 所以不可以省略。所以不可以省略。Do you know what he said just now?I dont remember when we arrived.I asked him where I could get so much money.Please tell me who (whom) we have to see.Do you know what time the plane leaves?2. 時態(tài)時態(tài)1) 如果主句是現(xiàn)在時，從句的時態(tài)可根如果主句是現(xiàn)在時，從句的時態(tài)可根 據(jù)實際情況而定。據(jù)實際情況而定。I know he lives here.I know he lived here ten years ago. I know that he will come tomorrow.2) 如果主句是過去時如果主句是過去時, 那么從句的時態(tài)一定那么從句的時態(tài)一定 要用相對應的過去的某種時態(tài)。要用相對應的過去的某種時態(tài)。I knew who lived here. I saw she was talking with her mother. He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. He said that he had seen the film .3) 當從句是客觀真理時當從句是客觀真理時, 用一般現(xiàn)在時。用一般現(xiàn)在時。The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun.3.語序語序賓語從句的語序用賓語從句的語序用陳述陳述語序：語序：連接詞連接詞+主語主語+謂語謂語+其他成分其他成分1) could / would是委婉語氣是委婉語氣, 而不是過去式而不是過去式, 因此賓語從句的時態(tài)根據(jù)實際情況用不同時態(tài)。因此賓語從句的時態(tài)根據(jù)實際情況用不同時態(tài)。4. 注意事項注意事項Could you tell me where we show our tickets ?Could you tell us which gate we have to go to?Would you like to know when he will come back?2) 如果主句的謂語動詞是如果主句的謂語動詞是ask時時, 連詞不可能連詞不可能 是是that; 如果主句的謂語動詞是如果主句的謂語動詞是say時時, 連詞用連詞用that。She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.He said (that) he was going to take care of the child.He asks if I like playing the piano.You may ask the man over there how you can get to the bus station.3) 否定的轉(zhuǎn)移否定的轉(zhuǎn)移: 若主語謂語動詞為若主語謂語動詞為think, suppose, believe, guess, 等等, 其后的賓語從句若含有否定其后的賓語從句若含有否定 意義意義, 一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句 謂語用肯定式。謂語用肯定式。 I dont think this dress fits you well. 我認為這件衣服不適合你穿。我認為這件衣服不適合你穿。4) it ?？梢苑旁趧釉~?？梢苑旁趧釉~think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作形式賓語等后作形式賓語,而把而把 真正的賓語真正的賓語 to do 或或 that從句放在句尾。從句放在句尾。 Our school makes it a rule that no studentscan bring cell phones to school.I found it hard to learn English. 5) 連詞連詞 if 和和 when 在不同從句中的區(qū)別在不同從句中的區(qū)別CDo you know if _back next week? If he _ back, please let me know.A. he comes, will come B. will he come, comes C. he will come, comes D. he will come, will comeI dont know when he _ (come). I cant wait here any more. When he _(come), would you please ask him to call me?will comecomes表語從句在復合句中作表語表語從句在復合句中作表語, 放在系動詞放在系動詞之后之后,一般結(jié)構(gòu)是一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主句主句主語主語+系動詞系動詞+表語從句表語從句”。 二、表語從句二、表語從句連系動詞連系動詞 be動詞動詞 5個感觀動詞個感觀動詞 look, sound, feel, smell, taste 表示發(fā)展變化的動詞表示發(fā)展變化的動詞become, turn, get, go, grow 表示保持不變表示保持不變 stay, remain, keep 表示表示”似乎，看起來似乎，看起來” appear, seem 表示表示“原來是，結(jié)果是原來是，結(jié)果是, 證明是證明是” prove, turn out連接詞連接詞: that / whether /as if /as though ( if 不引導表語從句不引導表語從句)連接代詞連接代詞: who / whom / whose / which / what 連接副詞連接副詞: when / where / why / how / because 連接詞連接詞: whether / as if / as thoug ( if 不引導表語不引導表語從句從句)，在句中不擔任成分，但有具體詞義。，在句中不擔任成分，但有具體詞義。The question is whether we can rely on him.He looked as if he was going to cry.The reason why he was late was that hegot up too late.It sounds as if/though somebody was knocking at the door. Tom is no longer what he used to be. The question is which of us should come first. The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. The important thing is whose name should be put on the top of the list. 連接代詞連接代詞what, which, who, whom, whose除在句子除在句子中起連接作用外，還可在從句中從當主語、賓語，中起連接作用外，還可在從句中從當主語、賓語，表語、定語表語、定語, 有詞義。有詞義。 連接副詞連接副詞where, when, why, how, because除在句中除在句中 起連接外，在從句中還充當時間、地點、方式、起連接外，在從句中還充當時間、地點、方式、 原因狀語，有詞義。原因狀語，有詞義。 Thats where I cant agree with you. This is why Sara was late for the meeting. This is how they overcome the difficulties. The problem is when he will come to help us. My anger is because you havent written to me for a long time.注注 意：意：1.在表語從句中在表語從句中, 表表“是否是否” 時時, 只能用只能用 “whether” 不能用不能用“if”。2. “that”不能省。不能省。3. It is /was because It is /was why4. The reason (why/for)is /was that5. The reason is because /whythat .