題型專題突破第二部分第二部分專題十二閱讀理解專題十二閱讀理解第第2講推理判斷題講推理判斷題 推理判斷題著重考查學(xué)生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力?？忌鷳?yīng)透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，領(lǐng)悟作者的思想、傾向、觀點、立場、語氣及態(tài)度；以原文內(nèi)容為前提，根據(jù)作者的觀點，客觀地對文中未明確說明的現(xiàn)象或事例給予合理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋。 1題型特點 推理判斷題在閱讀中屬于難度較高的題型。主要考查考生理清上下文邏輯關(guān)系的能力以及考生的識別能力。要求考生在遵循原文意義的基礎(chǔ)上，對文章字面信息進(jìn)行分析挖掘、邏輯推理，揭示其深層含義。名師點撥 2常見設(shè)問方式 The passage implies that _. We can conclude from the passage that _. Which of the following can be inferred? What is the purpose of this passage? What is the tone of the author? Where would this passage probably come from/appear? What is the authors attitude toward？ 3解題策略 (1)抓特定信息，逆向或正向推理。抓住某一段話中的關(guān)鍵信息，如關(guān)鍵詞或短語去分析、推理、判斷，利用逆向思維或正面推理，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。 (2)整合全文(段)信息進(jìn)行推斷。做推理題時，有時需要在弄懂全文的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的信息，綜合推理判斷，確定最佳結(jié)論。 (3)利用語境的褒貶性進(jìn)行推斷。幾乎每篇文章的語境都有一定的褒貶性，它反映了主人公的特定心理和情緒狀態(tài)及作者的寫作意圖，因此利用好這一點，就能在把握主旨大意的基礎(chǔ)上對文章進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的邏輯判斷。 (4)根據(jù)文章的結(jié)論推斷作者的態(tài)度。作者的思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間，在推斷過程中，應(yīng)特別注意文中作者的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞。 (5)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯得出結(jié)論。邏輯結(jié)論是指嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文章中所陳述的事實、論點、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論，而不是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗、態(tài)度、觀點或愛好去理解文章的內(nèi)涵。(2015全國卷A) My color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldnt fit. I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventyfive dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately, I didnt get any channels showing allnight movies or I would never have gotten to bed.典題在線 Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static(靜電) noise. For some reason，when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds.Gradually, this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it, I had to change to another channel and then change it back.Sometimes this technique would not work, and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set. When neither of these methods removed the static noise, I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away. At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist，and it stopped working altogether.My trip to the repair shop cost me $62，and the set is working well now, but I keep expecting more trouble. 1How does the author sound when telling the story? ACurious.BAnxious. CCautious.DHumorous. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了“我”在購買彩電時受售貨員的誤導(dǎo)，買了一臺自認(rèn)為便宜的彩電，結(jié)果不久，故障頻發(fā)，在采用包括抱起電視晃動在內(nèi)的方式解決無果后，最后不得不求助維修店。 1【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中最后一句Fortunately, I didnt get any channels showing allnight movies or I would never have gotten to bed.以及倒數(shù)第二段最后一句I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.和最后一段最后一句but I keep expecting more trouble.可知，作者語調(diào)幽默。 【答案】DA typical lion tamer(馴獸師) in peoples mind is an entertainer holding a whip (鞭) and a chair.The whip gets all of the attention, but its mostly for show.In reality, its the chair that does the important work.When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lions face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time.With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next.When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion？How often do you have something you want to achieve (e.g.lose weight, start a business, travel more)only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress? This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is the best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information.The end result is that we feel like we cant focus or that were focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving. It doesnt have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: All you need to do is focus on one thing.You just need to get started.Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people.If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to accomplish, someone you want to becometake immediate action. If youre clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way. 2What is the authors attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3? ATolerant.BDoubtful. CRespectful.DSupportive. 3When the world is “waving a chair in your face”， youre advised to _. Await for a better chanceBbreak your old habits Cmake a quick decision Dask for clear guidance 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇議論文。作者通過討論馴獸師在訓(xùn)練獅子時的技巧以及獅子面臨的疑惑入手，談?wù)撊藗兠媾R該種境況時應(yīng)該怎么做。 2【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is the best，the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information.可知，所有的專家都在忙于討論哪種選擇最好，但是那些想改善生活的人還是對那些互相矛盾的信息感到困惑。由此推斷出，作者對那些專家持懷疑的態(tài)度。 【答案】B 3【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句All you need to do is focus on one thing.和第五句take immediate action.可知，當(dāng)你面對生活向你拋出的眾多選擇時，最好的做法就是立刻做出決定，馬上采取行動。故選C項。 【答案】C專題對點特訓(xùn)專題對點特訓(xùn)推理判斷題推理判斷題(一一)專題對點特訓(xùn)專題對點特訓(xùn)推理判斷題推理判斷題(二二)