專題八情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣專題八情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣-2-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法考法1考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法對(duì)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,通常是在具體的語(yǔ)境(尤其是對(duì)話)中考查其基本含義。個(gè)別高頻情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在特殊語(yǔ)境下的特殊含義(如:must“非得;偏要”,should“竟然”,shall用于第二、三人稱表示警告、命令、威脅、允諾、規(guī)定等)是高考的熱點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。常見情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法是高考考查的重點(diǎn)。(1)表示推測(cè)(可能性)對(duì)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)的考查多以填空的形式出現(xiàn),其特點(diǎn)有三:一是空格后緊跟動(dòng)詞原形;二是結(jié)合具體的語(yǔ)境命題;三是側(cè)重must,can,could,may,might,should表示推測(cè)時(shí)在語(yǔ)氣和句式上的差異。-3-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法-4-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法【典型例題1】(2015重慶卷改編)You be Carol.You havent changed a bit after all these years.解析:句意:你一定是卡羅爾。這么多年你一點(diǎn)兒都沒變。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,此處應(yīng)該用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè),由下文“這么多年后你一點(diǎn)兒都沒變”可推知此處為非常肯定的猜測(cè)。故填must,意為“一定”?？挤偨Y(jié)空后為動(dòng)詞原形,故此處只能填助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞;根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知此處是說(shuō)話人的猜測(cè),因?yàn)橛小皳?jù)”可循,所以非?？隙?故填語(yǔ)氣最為強(qiáng)烈的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must,意為“一定”。-5-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法(2)表示必要性、義務(wù)、責(zé)任等主要集中在考查must(意為“必須”),should和need等的用法上?！镜湫屠}2】(2017全國(guó)卷改編)Unfortunately,you carry the necessary equipment with you,since its all but impossible to find natural substitutes.解析:根據(jù)句意可知,必須帶上必需的設(shè)備,因此用must。【典型例題3】(2016北京卷改編)I love the weekend,because I get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.解析:句意:我喜歡周末,因?yàn)樵谥芰?、周日我不必早起。根?jù)句意可知填neednt,意為“不必”?？挤偨Y(jié)根據(jù)考題要求,無(wú)提示詞填空題只填1個(gè)詞,所以此處不能填dont have to。-6-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法(3)表示請(qǐng)求、建議、命令、允許、允諾、禁止等 -7-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法【典型例題4】(2015四川卷改編)You be careful with the camera.It costs!解析:句意:你必須要小心使用相機(jī)。它很貴重!根據(jù)下文的“It costs!”可知,此處是說(shuō)話人對(duì)使用相機(jī)的人提出的要求,must意為“必須”,表示說(shuō)話人主觀上的要求,語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈。故答案為must?？挤偨Y(jié)根據(jù)空后的動(dòng)詞原形be可知此處填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)句意和后面的感嘆號(hào)可知這是說(shuō)話人提出的要求,且語(yǔ)氣非常強(qiáng)烈,因此只能填must。-8-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法考法2考查“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”的用法“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”用法是高考的難點(diǎn),主要是給出動(dòng)詞,讓考生根據(jù)語(yǔ)境選擇適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞填空,既可能考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用,也可能考查動(dòng)詞過去分詞的形式。-9-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法【典型例題5】(2014安徽卷改編)People are recycling many things which they (throw) away in the past.解析:句意:人們正在回收利用很多他們過去會(huì)扔掉的東西。根據(jù)句意可知,從句是說(shuō)過去可能會(huì)做的事。故填would/could/might have thrown?？挤偨Y(jié)此處表示對(duì)過去可能會(huì)做的事情的推測(cè),應(yīng)該使用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”結(jié)構(gòu),表示推測(cè)應(yīng)用could或might,也可填would,表示過去的傾向。-10-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法考法3考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法虛擬語(yǔ)氣主要會(huì)在語(yǔ)法填空或短文改錯(cuò)題目中出現(xiàn),同時(shí)if的省略所產(chǎn)生的倒裝現(xiàn)象也是?？嫉恼Z(yǔ)法點(diǎn)?？忌鶕?jù)上下文語(yǔ)境來(lái)揣摩句子的語(yǔ)氣,同時(shí)注意if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句中省略if引起倒裝的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象。(1)虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句或主句中動(dòng)詞的形式。(2)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在with,without,but for,under,or等構(gòu)成的結(jié)構(gòu)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的用法。(3)wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句,表示建議、愿望、命令等的動(dòng)詞或名詞后的名詞性從句以及as if/as though引導(dǎo)的從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。-11-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法【典型例題6】(2015北京卷改編)If I (not see) it with my own eyes,I wouldnt have believed it.解析:句意:如果我不是親眼看見,我不會(huì)相信它的。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及主句謂語(yǔ)為wouldnt have believed判斷,此處表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),故if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用had done的形式。故答案為hadnt seen?？挤偨Y(jié)根據(jù)主句中的wouldnt have believed可快速確定此題考查對(duì)過去事實(shí)的虛擬;if引導(dǎo)的條件句中表示和過去事實(shí)相反的動(dòng)作時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用“had+過去分詞”形式,故填hadnt seen。-12-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法考法1意義和語(yǔ)氣判斷法所謂意義判斷法就是分析語(yǔ)境并確定應(yīng)填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的含義。因此熟練掌握每個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的意義和用法是答題的前提。此外,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣、情感或態(tài)度,所以在解答此類試題時(shí),要從說(shuō)話者的角度去考慮問題,結(jié)合具體的語(yǔ)境來(lái)分析和判斷,最后確定所需情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是否符合說(shuō)話者的語(yǔ)氣以及特定的情感需要?！镜湫屠}1】(2016浙江卷改編)George (not go) too far.His coffee is still warm.解析:由下文的“His coffee is still warm.”可以看出,喬治應(yīng)該是剛離開,不可能走太遠(yuǎn),表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情非常有把握的否定推測(cè)。故填cant/couldnt have gone。-13-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法考法2時(shí)間判斷法虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考查重點(diǎn)在于判斷句子是對(duì)現(xiàn)在、過去還是將來(lái)的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行虛擬。判斷出時(shí)間后再根據(jù)相應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)或句型確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式。【典型例題2】(2015天津卷改編)I wish I (be) at my sisters wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York then.解析:句意:我真希望上周二參加了我妹妹的婚禮,不過我當(dāng)時(shí)正在紐約出差。根據(jù)句中的but可知“參加了我妹妹的婚禮”只是一種假設(shè),根據(jù)空后的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last Tuesday可知,動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,此處表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),故謂語(yǔ)用“had+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。故答案為had been。-14-1.Roberts new book about space exploration is fantastic.You simplyread it.2.I needed to get a weeks food for my family.I parked my car,looked down at my list,and hoped I pay for it all.must考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意:羅伯特寫的關(guān)于太空探索的新書太好了。你可一定要看一看。根據(jù)句意可知填must,在此處表示“(提出建議)應(yīng)該,得”。could考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意:我需要為我全家人買足夠吃一個(gè)星期的食品。我停好車,低頭看了看我的清單,希望自己可以付得起所有的東西。根據(jù)句意,此處表示“能夠,可以”,且此處講述過去的事情,故用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can的過去式could。-15-3.For example,in 2007,a boy died in Washington when a tooth infection spread to his brain.It might have been prevented if he (receive) the dental(牙齒的) care he needed.had received考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,該句使用了if條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。由前面的“might have been prevented”可知,此處是對(duì)過去的虛擬,應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。4.If your kids say they have to skip chores because its time they(deal) with their homework,youd better not let them off the hook.dealt/should deal考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。its time(that).句型中,that從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即從句謂語(yǔ)用一般過去時(shí)或“should+do”,其中should不可以省略。-16-5.After that,the manager demanded the source of all the water supplies (examine).6.Dont go to the cinema this afternoon,and you should finish your work first.Id rather you (go) tomorrow.(should)be examined考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意:之后,經(jīng)理要求檢查所有的供水源頭。demand意為“要求”,其后的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“(should+)動(dòng)詞原形”。examine的主語(yǔ)為the source of all the water supplies,兩者之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故填(should)be examined。went考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意:你今天下午別去看電影了,你首先應(yīng)該完成你的工作。我寧愿你明天再去。would rather后接句子時(shí),句子的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)要做的事的虛擬,需用一般過去時(shí)。-17-7.When life gets hard and you want to give up,remember that life is full of ups and downs,and without the downs,the ups(mean) nothing.8.My son (worry) before he came to the new school,for his classmates here were very friendly to him.would mean考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意:當(dāng)生活變得艱難,你想要放棄的時(shí)候,記住,生活充滿了起起伏伏,而且,如果沒有了低谷,那站在高處也失去了意義。根據(jù)句中的“without”可知,此處是對(duì)一般事實(shí)的虛擬,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用would do形式。neednt have worried考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意:在進(jìn)入新學(xué)校之前我的兒子本沒必要擔(dān)心的,因?yàn)檫@里的同學(xué)對(duì)他很友好。根據(jù)后面的“for his classmates here were very friendly to him”可知應(yīng)用neednt have done sth“本沒必要做某事(卻做了)”。-18-9.No reader take a book out of the library without permission of the librarian.shall考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意:未經(jīng)圖書管理員允許,任何讀者不得將書帶出圖書館。shall用于第二、三人稱表示命令、威脅、許諾、警告等語(yǔ)氣,符合句意。10.Everybody knows you shouldnt put childrens beds under a window in case a child (try) to climb out.should try考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。in case引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中,從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,常用“should+do”的形式。-19-1.(2016全國(guó)卷改編)We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.2.I suggest that we telling them we want them to trust us as much as wed like to trust them.3.That mustnt be our head teacher,because he is in Indonesia.chosechoose考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法。句意:我們可以在待在家里和出去旅游之間做選擇。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞原形。故應(yīng)用choose。tellingtell考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。suggest意為“建議”,后接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“用(should+)動(dòng)詞原形”。mustntcant考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意:那不可能是我們的校長(zhǎng),因?yàn)樗谟《饶嵛鱽?。此處?yīng)用cant表示“不可能”。-20-4.I wish I am a bird and could fly freely in the sky.5.Mr Li told me with a smile,“You must put it somewhere else.I am sure it will turn up soon.”amwere考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí),虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用were。must后加have考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法。本處是對(duì)過去的肯定推測(cè),意為“肯定把它放在某個(gè)地方了”,應(yīng)用must have done。故應(yīng)在must后加have。-21-6.There should be any difficulty about winning the speech contest now that youre well prepared for it.shouldshouldnt或在should后加not考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。should表示推測(cè),多表示對(duì)未來(lái)情況的期盼,常譯為“按理應(yīng)當(dāng)”。由“now that youre well prepared for it”可知,此處表示“按理說(shuō)不會(huì)有任何困難”。故應(yīng)用shouldnt或should not。7.The upset mother thought to herself,“If only I know whats going on in my little boys head right now.”knowknew考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。if only表示“要是就好了”,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)“right now”可知,此處表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬,因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去式。-22-8.When waiting to be served,its important that you would wait your turn.9.It seems as if the meeting held by the two parties never end.wouldshould或刪除would考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。it is important that sb/sth (should)do sth意為“某人做某事很重要”,是一個(gè)固定句型,從句應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,should可省略。never前加would考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。as if引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣;由seems可知,此處是對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬,應(yīng)用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形”;根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,應(yīng)用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞would。-23-10.Had Andy kept writing at age 40,probably he can become a well-known poet now.canwould考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意:假如安迪在40歲時(shí)堅(jiān)持寫作,那么現(xiàn)在他或許就會(huì)成為一位有名的詩(shī)人。根據(jù)句意可知,狀語(yǔ)從句敘述的是與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),從句使用了過去完成時(shí),而主句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now表示這里敘述的是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的結(jié)果,應(yīng)用“would+動(dòng)詞原形”。-24-Adam Harper drinks a lot of coffee to stay up for study.Recently,Adam 1.(feel) that drinking much coffee was making 2. hard for him to sleep.He also complained of stomachaches.So he decided to stop drinking coffee.When Adam got up on October 3,he began his day 3. this morning coffee.By 11 am,Adam was in a 4.(terribly) condition.He was tired and had a headache.At 11:30,in the meeting with his student advisor,he found it 5.(possible) to concentrate.What was going on?-25-Caffeine,a chemical 6.(find) in coffee,was most likely the reason for how Adam felt.Caffeine is a stimulant(興奮劑) 7. boosts energy levels and improves concentration.The result of lowering caffeine consumption is a “coffee headache” and the 8.(lose) of concentration.The good news is that these feelings usually pass after four to five days.Doctors suggest 9.(take) some aspirin for the headache.So,if Adam can wait,in less than a week,he may be feeling much 10.(well).-26-【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】文章講述了亞當(dāng)哈珀為了提神經(jīng)常喝咖啡,結(jié)果出現(xiàn)了很多問題:難以入睡而且胃疼。他不得不戒掉咖啡,然而停止喝咖啡后他感覺無(wú)法集中注意力。這到底是為什么呢?1.felt考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:最近,亞當(dāng)感覺喝這么多的咖啡使他難以入睡。根據(jù)從句時(shí)態(tài)為過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可知,此處講述的是發(fā)生在過去的事情,因此主句應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故填felt。2.it考查代詞。make it+adj.+to do sth為固定結(jié)構(gòu),意為“使得做某事”,it做形式賓語(yǔ),后面的不定式做真正的賓語(yǔ)。故填it。3.without考查介詞。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句可知,他決定停止喝咖啡。因此本句意為:當(dāng)10月3日亞當(dāng)起床時(shí),他早上沒喝咖啡便開始了他的一天。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知填without。4.terrible考查形容詞。句意:到上午11點(diǎn),亞當(dāng)?shù)臓顟B(tài)變得很糟糕。設(shè)空處修飾名詞condition,應(yīng)用形容詞形式。故填terrible。-27-5.impossible考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)下文可知,此處指他發(fā)現(xiàn)想要集中注意力是“不可能的”,故填impossible。6.found考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:咖啡因,從咖啡中發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種化學(xué)物質(zhì),是造成亞當(dāng)有這樣感受的最可能的原因。句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞was,因此設(shè)空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式;find與a chemical之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。故填found。7.that/which考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意:咖啡因是提高能量水平且能改善注意力的一種興奮劑。分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知,設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為a stimulant,指物,且從句中缺少主語(yǔ)。故填關(guān)系代詞that/which。8.loss考查名詞。句意:降低咖啡因消耗量的結(jié)果是“咖啡頭痛”和注意力的缺失。設(shè)空處前為不定冠詞the,空后為介詞of,因此設(shè)空處應(yīng)用名詞。故填loss。-28-9.taking考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:醫(yī)生建議頭痛時(shí)可以服用一些阿司匹林。suggest doing sth意為“建議做某事”,為固定搭配。故填taking。10.better考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。句意:因此,如果亞當(dāng)可以等,不到一周他或許會(huì)感覺更好一些。此處暗含比較意義,因此應(yīng)用比較級(jí),much在此修飾形容詞的比較級(jí)。故填better。