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1、第二章第二章 詞詞 類類第六節(jié)第六節(jié) 介詞和連詞介詞和連詞 知識梳理知識梳理一、介詞的概念介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞、詞與句之間的關(guān)系的虛詞，在句中不能單獨充當(dāng)句子成分。介詞后面一般會接上名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句作為它的賓語。二、介詞的分類及用法(一)表示位置的介詞 1. at， in， on， to 2. above， over， on3. under， below 4. near， beside， next to， by 5. in front of， behind 6. on the left， on the right， in the middle， between(

2、and)， among (二)表示時間的介詞 1. in， on，at2. in， after 3. before， after (三)表示位移方向的介詞(四)表示其他意義的介詞1. by表示“用方法、手段”，或表示“用某種交通工具”。如：He makes a living by selling newspapers. My father goes to the USA by plane. 2. with表示“用工具、手段”，一般接具體的工具或手段。如：He broke the window with a stone. We can see with our eyes and smell wi

3、th our noses. 3. in表示“用方式；用語言、語調(diào)；穿著”等。如：Please say it in English. Mary is in red today. 4. for(1) 表示“給”。如：This present is for you. (2) 表示“為了”。如：Thank you for telling me the way to the zoo. (3) 表示“作為”。如：We have some chips and hamburgers for lunch.5. to(1)表示“到”。如：Take your sport shoes to the PE class.

4、 (2)表示“致”。如：Happy birthday to you！6. from表示“來自”。如：Im from China. I come from China. 7. fromto 指“從到”。如：Line up from shorter to taller. 從矮到高排隊。 We have classes from Monday to Friday. 8. of 表示“的”。如：This is a map of China. 三、介詞短語介詞短語指的是某一個介詞固定與另外一個詞搭配，表達某一個固定的意思。以下為小學(xué)階段學(xué)過的介詞短語匯總： 1. 動詞介詞 agree with同意 as

5、k for要求 belong to屬于 get on上車 get off下車 get to到達 hold on等一等 listen to聽 look at看 look after照顧 look for尋找 look up查找 look like看上去像 put on穿上 put off 推遲 wait for等待 want to想要 put away收拾 worry about為擔(dān)憂 2. 形容詞介詞afraid of害怕 angry with生氣 close to接近于 famous for因出名full of充滿 good at擅長于 proud of自豪 short of缺乏late f

6、or遲到 sorry for對抱歉 interested in對感興趣different from與不同 3. 介詞其他詞after school放學(xué)后 at first首先 at last最后 at least至少 in English用英語 by oneself獨自 by the way順便問一下 for example例如 in time及時 on time準(zhǔn)時；按時 on holiday在度假 from now on從現(xiàn)在開始 fromto 從到四、連詞的概念連詞是用來連接詞、短語和句子的虛詞，表示它們之間的關(guān)系，不能單獨使用。五、常見連詞及其用法1. and表示“和”。如：I lik

7、e cabbages and carrots.2. bothand 表示“和(兩者)都”。如：Both you and I are in Class Six this year.3. not onlybut also 表示“不僅而且”。如：Mike is not only good at basketball but also good at football. 4. or表示“或者；是還是”。常用連接疑問句或否定句中的并列成分。如：Would you like milk or tea？ I dont have a sister or a brother. 5. eitheror 表示“或者或

8、者”。如：Put it either in the desk or in the schoolbag.6. but表示“但是”。如：I try my best, but I cant do it well.7. because表示“因為”。如：I like beef, because it is delicious.8. for表示“因為(語氣比because弱)”。如：Youd better put on your sweater, for its cold outside. 9. so表示“所以”。如：My mother worked last night, so I went shopp

9、ing by myself.【注】在英語中，because和so的用法與中文中的“因為所以”結(jié)構(gòu)不同，它們不能同時出現(xiàn)在一個句子中，即如果句子中用了because，就不能再用so；反之，如果用了so，前面就不能用because。10. since表示“從開始”。如：I have played the piano since I was five years old.11. until/till表示“直到；直到才(not until結(jié)構(gòu))”。如：I wont go to bed until my mother comes back.12. if表示“如果”。如：If you can do it,

10、 so can I. If you go by car, by bike or on foot, you must know the traffic rules. 考點精析考點精析考點考點 考查介詞、連詞在句子中的正確運用考查介詞、連詞在句子中的正確運用【例1】用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1. The book is made wood. 2. The table is made wood. 3. The fan is made China. 4. The model plane is made Tom. 解析：本題考查介詞的運用。be made 后面接上不同的介詞，所表達的意思不同。 be made

11、of 和be made from 都是指“由什么制成”，但是be made of指從制成品可以直接清楚地看出原材料是什么；be made from指從制成品看不出原材料是什么；be made in指“在哪里制造”；be made by指“由誰制造”。答案： 1. from2. of3. in4.by【例2】單項填空。 ( )1.Birds can fly in the sky they cant swim in the water. A. and B. but C. or ( )2.He has four pens.he doesnt use them. A. But B. And C. Or

12、 ( )3.Hurry up, youll be late for school. A. and B. or C. so解析：第1題考查連詞的運用。分析句意，橫線前后兩句的意思有轉(zhuǎn)折的意味，因此只能用連詞 but。第2題but（但是）表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；and（和）表示并列關(guān)系；or （或者）表示選擇關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意“他有四支鋼筆，但是他從來都不用”可知表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此正確答案是A。第3題根據(jù)句意“快點，否則你就遲到了”，只有or 才有“否則；要不然”的意思。因此正確答案是 B。 答案： 1.B 2.A 3.B舉一反三 1. 用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。 (1)What are you looking ？ (2)T

13、he girl always looks the dog. (3)Look the blackboard. (4)You can look the dictionary and youll know the meaning of it. (5)Look you leap(跳). forafteratupbefore 2. 用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空。 (1)I like music art. (2)The shirt is nice， its too expensive for me. (3)I dont like winter its so cold. (4) you and your sister

14、can go hiking with us. (5) you want to get good grades， you should study hard. andbutbecauseBothIf過關(guān)檢測過關(guān)檢測1. There is a picture _ the wall. 2. There are two shelves _ the picture. 3. There are many books _ the shelf. 4. A boy and a girl are _ the table. 5. The box is _ the boy. 一、根據(jù)圖片內(nèi)容，在下列句子中的橫線上填上

15、適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。onbeside/nearonatbehind二、在下列橫線上填上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。1. _ autumn 2. _ the middle 3. _ subway4. _ train 5. _ Monday 6. interested _7. _ Chinese 8. listen _ 9. do well _10. be good _ 11. play _ us 12. help him _ English 13. wait _14. _ July 15. live _ Hainan16. a cup _ tea 17. _ time18. put _ your coat 19. ag

16、ree _20. _ the gate _ the schoolininbybyoninintoinatwithwithforininofon/inonwithatof三、單項填空。 ( )1. Cloud is _ vapour(水蒸氣). A. from B. in C. on ( )2. There is a river _ the two villages. A. in B. between C. in the middle ( )3. Its time _ go to school. A. to B. for C. up ( )4. Look _ the boy. Hes playi

17、ng _ his pet cat. A. in; of B. on; to C. at; with ( )5. Can you count _ one _ one thousand? A. from; to B. from; in C. in; of ( )6. Whos the girl _ a small mouth? A. in B. with C. forABACAB ( )7. I study English hard,_ English is very important. A. so B. because C. until ( )8. Use your head, _you wi

18、ll find a way. A. and B. or C. but ( )9. Because he is the shortest one in his class, _ he sits in the front of the classroom. A. so B. but C. / ( )10. I have stayed in Guangdong _ I was ten. A. then B. since C. but四、用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或連詞填空。 1. Sarah is _ the USA. 2. Look!The cat is _ (在下面)the desk 3. I cant le

19、ave my house _（直到）my mother comes back. BACBfromunderuntil 4. Is she looking _ her English book? 5. Amys birthday is _ September 14th. 6. Our teacher is strict _ me. 7.This Tshirt is different _ that one. 8. Chen Jie sits _ the middle _ the living room. 9. Amy is behind Sarah.Sarah is _ Amy. 10. He

20、is playing football, _ it starts to rain. 五、根據(jù)圖片及問句寫出答句。 1. Where is the flower? _foronwithfrominofin front ofbutIts on the desk.2. Where are the pens? _3. Is the ball on the sofa? _4. Where is the cat? _5. Whens your birthday? _Theyre in the pencil box.No, its under the desk.Its between the monkey and the rabbit.Its on May 18th.