第十二章語(yǔ)法填空知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)特指和泛指用法 冠詞+形容詞+名詞the+最高級(jí) the用于雙方都知道的人或物前常見(jiàn)介詞in、for、with、without等本質(zhì)含義語(yǔ)篇填空無(wú)提示詞代詞-Q固定搭配常見(jiàn)不定代詞one、other, another等基本用法it充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)并列連詞復(fù)合句的連接詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞名詞變復(fù)數(shù)或所有格形容詞/副詞變比較級(jí)/最高級(jí)詞形變換人稱代詞數(shù)、格的變化有提小詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞名詞或動(dòng)詞T形容詞詞性轉(zhuǎn)換形容詞一副詞形容詞或動(dòng)詞一名詞精題精練Passage 1People use the word "friend "in a (various) of ways. A friend can mean anything from an acquaintance(泛泛之交)to someone you've known. Whoever they are, friends are an important part of life at every stage.For some people, making friends is easy. For others, it can be 2 struggle. It's easy for people who know how to connect with others. But you don't need to be clever or 3 (charm) to make friends. People who make friends easily know how to be 4 (them). There's an oldsaying, 4tA friend is someone who knows you well-and5 (like) you anyway.”There are three simple things you can do to make friends. First, you have to like yourself. Make a list of your 6 (strong), talents and achievements. That way, when you meet people, you'll know 7 you have to share. Next, learn how to listen. To succeed in friendships, you need to show an interest 8 others. Ask questions about other people. Finally, it's a good idea 9_ (join)a club or take a class. That way, you can meet people who have similar interests. Good friends 1() (usual) like the same things.Passage 2The New Year is a family reunion to Chinese. However, in foreigners9 eyes, it is not only a kind of homesickness, but a spring migration(遷徙).Every year 1 (see) the largest annual mass migration on the planet 2 one sixth of the world's population travel home to celebrate3 their family. That is around a billion people 4 (make) 3.5 billion journeys in a 40-day period. Meanwhile, over 250 million rail journeys are made across China during the festival. Last year, 5.6 million rail tickets 5 (sell) in a single day. Every new year in the heartland of industrial China thousands upon thousands of motorcyclists brave the weather and hit the road, detennined to make 6 home.The Chinese New Year 7 (celebrate) is also known as the Spring Festival. It lasts 15 days. It is the main holiday of the Chinese calendar. In modem China, 8 (search) fbr work, many people have to move away from home. And they will travel home to be with the loved ones during the Spring Festival. In the Chinese New Year, modem and 9 (tradition) customs are brought together when the Chinese celebrate the Spring Festival. Nowadays, not only does China have the 10 (fast) growing modern cities in the world, but the landscapes are also truly diverse.Passage 3Paper-cutting was recognized as a national cultural heritage(遺產(chǎn))in 2006.According to experts,paper-cutting conveys the culture shared between China I the West to wish for family reunions and maintain links with loved ones,alive or dead.In the movie Coco,for instance,the 12-year-old Miguel and his family dance and sing to celebrate the Day of the Dead,a 2 (tradition)festival in Mexico,when colorful paper-cuts are hung on the street. Chinese people also cut images of small figures 3 (call) back the spirits of the dead. The difference is that most Chinese paper-cuts are red,while those in other countries _ 4_ (be)often made in many other colors.Fairy tale writer Hans Christian Andersen liked to cut 5(character),such as princessesand angels,out of paper while6 (tell)stories to children. In China,female friends and familymembers used to chat and make paper-cuts together.“ 7 the patterns and colors may be different,paper-cuts share the same function of maintaining emotional ties among people,''says Yang Huizi, 8 art teacher at Beijing Union University.Yang 9 (study)and performed the art for over a decade.Besides routine university courses,she also organizes non-profit paper-cutting activities 10 are open to the public in Beijing to promote basic knowledge of paper-cutting.真題實(shí)戰(zhàn)一、【2021全國(guó)甲卷】閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It 61(build) originally to protect the city 62 the Tang dynasty and hasnow been completely restored (修復(fù)).It is possible 63(walk) or bike the entire 14kilometers.We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.After 64(spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall,we decided it was time for some action and what 65(good) than to ride on a piece ofhistory!We 66(hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was oldand shaky 67 did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all 68 way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 69(watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going abouttheir 70(day) routines.二、【2021全國(guó)乙卷】閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (景必響)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 61(educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 62(develop) of the local areas.Ecotourism has 63 (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept 64 the late 1980s. During that time,increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.Due to 65 growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 66 trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a trueeco-friendly trip must meet the following principles: Minimize the impact of 67 (visit) the place. Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices. Provide 68 (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples. Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. 69(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (遠(yuǎn)足)and accommodations aim 70 (have) a low impact on the natural environment.三、【2021全國(guó)新高考1卷】閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatlesong "The Long and Winding Road". 56 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we _57_ (human)The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 58(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 59 (hot) the spring! Strange, isn*t it? But that's how nature is -always leaving us 60 (astonish).What comes next is the endless series of steps You can*t help wondering how hard it 61 (be)fbr the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 62 offers a place where youcan sit down to rest your 63(ache)legs.As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear0, and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It surely does in 64(I). While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is65 must to visit!四、(2020課標(biāo)全國(guó)I)China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang'e-4 probe (探測(cè)器)-the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon's far side is 62 (extreme) challenging. Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _ 63_ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 64_ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (環(huán)形山),more so 65 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e4 66 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. "This really excites scientists,Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, "because it 67 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68 (construct)/' Data about the moon's composition, such as how 69 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 7() (it) plans for a future lunar (月 球的)base are practical.五、(2020課標(biāo)全國(guó)II)Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New YearChinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62 (carry) special significance. They represent the earth 63 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times 65 (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo“ plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. 66 (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 67 health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 68 (care) for and make great presents.Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花)：The69 (beauty) long branches covered withpink-colored buds (蔣蕾)make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 70 first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化).They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.六、(2020課標(biāo)全國(guó)III)In ancient China lived an artist, 61 paintings were almost lifelike. The artist'sreputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (畫(huà)像)done so he called all great artists to come and present their 62(fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would 63(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li Riverperhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.Filled with 64(curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 65 he askedthe villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (傳奇的)artist, they smiled and 66(point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67 (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, 68(gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds. 69(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (謙卑)by the greatest artist 70 earth, Mother Nature.七、(2019課標(biāo)全國(guó)DThe polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 2 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.Modem methods 3 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive4(perform) consistently over a large area. In recent yearssome Inuit people in Nunayut5(report) increases in bear sightings around humansettlements, leading to a 6 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 7 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集)around human settlements, leading to the illusion(錯(cuò)覺(jué))Ihal populations are 8 (high) than they actually are. Of 9 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 10 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.八、(2019課標(biāo)全國(guó)II)A 90-year-old has been awarded 4tWoman Of The Year for (be) Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 2 she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 3(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名)her to beCheshire's Woman Of The Year.Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement“ award, proud Irene 4 (declare) she had no plans 5(retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said, "I don't see any reason to giveup work. 1 love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 6(make) over theyears. I work not because I have to, 7 because I want to.”Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31 -who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, “We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call 8(say) she was short-listed, we thought itwas 9 joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's 10 (wonder) .,5九、(2019課標(biāo)全國(guó)III)On our way to the house, it was raining 1 hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take 2 (get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 3 dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters 4 had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 5(recommend)wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya (木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 6(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with usmany 7 (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 8 (huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay, we 9 (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 10 (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.十、(2018課標(biāo)全國(guó)I)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 1 (long)than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long 2 (see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 3 (die)early by running.While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it 4 (be)more effective at lengthening life 5 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 6 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7 (cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise.it?s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 8 (strength)your leg muscles(肌 肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always 9 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 10 a try.H一,> (2018 課標(biāo)全國(guó) II)Diets have changed in Chinaand so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 1 (grow)more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 2 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is 3 (actual)behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for com's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow com instead of rice 4 (improve)water quality. Com uses less water 5 rice and creates less fertilizer(化月巴)run-off. This switch has decreased 6 (pollute)in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 7 (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government 8 (start) a soil-testing program 9 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放)of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while 10 (fced)its citizens “offers useful lessons tor agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,“says the bank's Juergen Voegele.十二、(2018課標(biāo)全國(guó)HI)I'm not sure 1 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere. Tm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 2 top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the 3 (loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 4 (look)directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel 5 (challenge).My name is Mireya Mayor. Fm a 6 (science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching 7 these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 8 (they)alive. True to gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal 9 (mean)me no real harm. He was just saying:'Tm king of this forest, and here is your remindcriOncc his message was delivered, he allowed me 10 (stay)and watch.十三、(2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)I )There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(醫(yī)學(xué)界) 1 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 2 (effect)such as overweight and heart disease-the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 3 (process)the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 4 (remove)from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 5 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 6 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 7 (be)full of fat and salt;by 8 (eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃點(diǎn)心)between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 9 (care)not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both. 10 is not good for the health.十四、(2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)H)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 1 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 2 work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 3 (lav) the track and then building a strong roof over 4 top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.Steam engines 5 (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 6 (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 7 every day.Later, engineers 8 (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道)， which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the 9 (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most 10 (success)of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.十五、(2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)m)She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas