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I have a friend to wait for here. 請先走吧，我還有個朋友要在這兒等。C. 說明關(guān)系，即：不定式是中心詞的內(nèi)容。如：I had a dream to fly in the sky like a bird. 我做了一個像鳥兒在天上飛的夢六、不定式做狀語不定式做狀語，可表示動作的目的、結(jié)果、原因、條件和方式。A. 表目的表目的時，不定式可放在句子的前面也可放在句子的末尾。但在句子前面時，不定式常與句子用逗號隔開；而在句子末尾時一般不用逗號隔開。如：To get there on time, we set out at five in the morning. 為了按時到達(dá)那兒，我們早晨五點就出發(fā)了。He goes there to enjoy the fresh air. 他去那兒享受那兒的新鮮空氣。比較：to do, in order to do, so as to do都可表示目的，但to do, in order to do的位置既可在句首，又可在句末；而so as to do只能在句末(from )。In order to build a house, he bought some wood and steel yesterday. He bought some wood and steel yesterday in order to build a house. / He bought some wood and steel yesterday so as to build a house. 為了建房，昨天他買來了木料和鋼材。B. 表結(jié)果不定式在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中表示謂語動作的結(jié)果，不定式的位置一般在句子末尾。(1) 表示終結(jié)性的動詞find, see, hear, learn, discover的不定式，常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，并且，不定式前常有never, only等副詞修飾。如：I hurried to the railway station yesterday, (only) to find that the train had left. 昨天我急急忙忙趕到火車站時，發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。I went to the classroom, to discover it empty. 我走到教室，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)教室是空的。(2) 在 “so + adj. / adv. + as + to do”中。如：The scenery is so beautiful as to attract many people here every year. 景色非常美，每年都要吸引很多人來這里。(3) 在 “adj. / adv. + enough + to do”中。如：He ran fast enough to catch up with Li Lei. 他跑得很快，結(jié)果趕上了李蕾。(4) 在 “so + adj. / adv. +a(n) + n. + as + to do”中。如：This is so interesting a story as to interest children. 這是個很有趣的故事，使孩子們非常感興趣。(5) 在 “such + adj. / adv. + n. + as + to do”中。如：She is such a good girl to help you make great progress. 她是個非常好的姑娘，幫助你取得了很大的進(jìn)步。(6)  在 “too + adj. / adv. + to do”中。如：They went too slowly to catch the early bus. 他們走得太慢了，結(jié)果沒能趕上早班車。C. 表原因不定式表示原因時，一般放在句子的末尾，說明主語某種心情、情感(glad, pleased, sad, worried, sorrow, excited) 所產(chǎn)生的原因。如：Im very glad to hear that Li Lei has been elected secretary of the Party. 聽說李蕾被選為了黨的書記，我很高興。D. 表條件不定式表示條件時，一般放在句首。如：To be heated, liquid will change into gas. 如果受熱，液體就會變成氣體。E. 表方式不定式可接在as if / as though之后表示方式時，如(from )：He moved his mouth as if to say something. 他的嘴唇動了動，好像要說什么事似的。七、不定式做同位語不定式可用作同位語，說明某些名詞或代詞task, idea, thought的內(nèi)容。不定式做同位語時，在名詞或代詞與不定式之間常用逗號隔開。如：Suddenly I have got the idea, to hunt rabbits in the woods. 突然，我有了這個想法，去林子里去獵取野兔子。八、不定式做獨立成分To tell you the truth, I dont like it. 告訴你實話，我不喜歡它。不定式的形式變化概念：不定式不能做謂語。屬于非謂語動詞。構(gòu)成：to do  即：不定式符號+ 動詞原形用法：動詞不定式有一般式、進(jìn)行式、完成式、完成進(jìn)行式和否定形式。動詞不定式的被動形式有一般形式和完成式和進(jìn)行式。以write為例說明不定式的形式變化：主動形式：    一般式     （not） to write    完成式     （not）to have written    進(jìn)行式     （not） to be writing完成進(jìn)行式 （not） to have been writing被動形式：一般式（not） to be written完成式（not） to have been written1不定式的一般式：表示幾乎和謂語同時發(fā)生或謂語動詞之后發(fā)生。He helped the old man clean the house.他幫助老人打掃房子。2不定式的完成式：表示在謂語動作之前發(fā)生或謂語動詞之后將來的某個時間以前完成動作。I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday我很高興昨天見到你母親。3不定式的進(jìn)行式：表示和謂語動詞同時發(fā)生。Things seem to be going on smoothly. 似乎一切進(jìn)展順利。4不定式的完成進(jìn)行式：表示不定式的動作是在謂語動詞所表示時間之前一直進(jìn)行的動作：We are happy to have been working with you.我們很高興這一段時間和你們在一起工作。5不定式的一般被動式：當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式要用被動式。You are to be congratulated. 應(yīng)該向你祝賀。6完成被動式：表示在謂語動作之前的被動動作。It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.他受到批評是好事。7不定式的否定式：否定副詞not 或 never, seldom, hardly等要放在不定式符號之前。He got up in order not to be late for the train.他早起，是為了趕上火車。It is expected not to be taken away until next Monday.人們希望下周以前這不要拿走。完成下面的練習(xí)一. 用適當(dāng)?shù)夭欢ㄊ叫问教羁?1. The box is too heavy _(lift)2. It remains _(see) whether it will do us good or harm.3. He pretended _(study) for a long time.4. John is behind us. He seems _(follow) us.5. Bob, who is working with us, is said _(study) abroad.6. It is raining so hard, It is a good thing for the house _(repair).7. All these plants need _(water).8. Ill have to change my clothes before I go out. I dont want _(see) like this.9. We have to wait. Hes got one more problem _(work out).10. It is necessary for everything _(finish) before the meeting begins.二. 將下列句子翻成英語，句中必須有不定式1. 我們不幫助他們是錯誤的。 2. 他們拒絕采納這個建議是不明智的。 3. 他沒及時看到另外那輛車。 4. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)不可能把一切按時準(zhǔn)備好 5. 我喜歡的是在海里游泳，然后躺在暖和的沙上。 6. 她第一個想到這個主意。 7. 我們要盡一切力量幫助他們。 8. 據(jù)說他們正在這條河上修另一座大橋。 9. 對不起給你添了這么多麻煩。 10. 需回答的問題在第32頁上。 感受文化背景 （希臘羅馬神話）Pandora After the stealing of fire, Zeus became increasingly unkind to men. One day he ordered his son Hephaestus to build an image of a beautiful lady out of clay. He then asked the gods and goddesses to give her different kinds of giftsAmong others, Athena clothed her in an attractive coat and Hermes gave her the power of telling lies. Zeus called her Pandora.Zeus decided to send her down to men as a present. So Hermes, the messenger, brought her to Epimetheus, brother of Prometheus. The greatness of her beauty touched the hearts of all who looked upon her, and Epimetheus happily received her into his house. He had quite forgotten Prometheus' warning: never to accept anything from Zeus. The couple lived a happy life for some time. Then trouble came on to the human world.When he was busy with teaching men the art of living, Prometheus had left a big case in the care of Epimetheus. He had warned his brother not to open it. Pandora was a curious woman. She had been feeling very disappointed that her husband did not allow her to take a look at the contents of the case. One day, when Epimetheus was out, she opened it and out it came unrest and war, plague and sickness, theft and violence, grief sorrow, and all the other evils. The human world was therefore to experience these evils. Only hope stayed and never flew out. So men always have hope within their hearts潘多拉偷竊天火之后，宙斯對人類的敵意與日俱增。一天，他令兒子赫菲斯托斯用泥塑出一個美女，并請眾神贈予她不同的禮物。其中，雅典娜飾之以華麗的衣裳，赫耳墨斯贈之以說謊的能力。宙斯稱她為潘多拉。宙斯決定把她作為禮物送給世間的男子。于是信使赫耳墨斯將她帶給普羅米修斯的弟弟厄庇墨透斯。她姿容絕美，見者無不為之傾心。厄庇墨透斯興高采烈地把她迎入屋內(nèi)。普羅米修斯警告過他不得接受宙斯的任何饋贈，而他已將之忘于腦后。這一對夫妻有過一段幸福的生活，但不久災(zāi)難卻降臨人間。當(dāng)普羅米修斯忙于教授人們生存之道的時候，他把一個盒子給厄庇墨透斯照看。他警告過他的弟弟不要打開盒子。潘多拉好奇心強。她的丈夫不允許她看盒中之物，這使她感到十分懊惱。一天乘厄庇墨透斯出門在外，她打開盒子，從里面跑出的是不和與戰(zhàn)爭、瘟疫與疾病、偷竊與暴力、悲哀與憂慮、以及其他一些人類從此要遭受的不幸。只有希望留在里面，沒有飛出來，因此人們常常把希望藏于心中。專題二【參考答案】動詞不定式一.1. to lift 2. to be seen 3. to have been studying 4. to be following 5. to have studied6. to have been repaired 7. to be watered 8. to be seen 9. to work out 10. to be finished.二.1. It will be a mistake for us not to help them。2. It's unwise of them to turn down the proposal.3. He failed to see the other car in time.4. They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.5. What I like is to swim in the sea and then to lie on the warm sand.6. She was the first person to think of the idea.7. We must do everything we can to help them.8. They are said to be building another bridge across the river.9. I am sorry to have given you so much trouble. 10. 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