考點(diǎn)54 短文改錯(cuò)高考頻度：高考短文改錯(cuò)題是在給出一篇約100詞的短文，文中有10處錯(cuò)誤，要求考生對(duì)每個(gè)句子進(jìn)行判斷，如有錯(cuò)誤將其改正。錯(cuò)誤類型包括詞法、句法、行文邏輯等方面的錯(cuò)誤。每句中最多有兩處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。高考短文改錯(cuò)著重考查考生的語言基本功和正確使用英語進(jìn)行表達(dá)的能力。此題型不僅要求考生牢固的掌握一定的詞匯和語法知識(shí)，還要求考生具有一定的閱讀理解和邏輯推理能力。它針對(duì)考生平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)英語過程中，尤其是在寫作中常犯的錯(cuò)誤而設(shè)計(jì)的，考生在平時(shí)寫作中常出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤是短文改錯(cuò)考查的重點(diǎn)。 【試題特點(diǎn)】 一般來說，短文改錯(cuò)的語言材料通常來自考生文章或類似于考生習(xí)作的文章。所選材料篇幅較短，約100詞左右，1012個(gè)句子；難度不大，基本上無生僻的詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)。短文改錯(cuò)的話題較常見，通常是敘述一個(gè)事情或說明一個(gè)事物。從體裁上看，歷年高考試題中的短文改錯(cuò)以記敘文和應(yīng)用文為主，兼顧說明文和議論文。通常從詞法，句法和行文邏輯三個(gè)角度設(shè)題，錯(cuò)誤類型有多詞，缺詞，和錯(cuò)詞三種，比例一般為錯(cuò)詞：多詞：缺詞=8（7）：1（2）：1  短文改錯(cuò)：近三年的對(duì)比分析  20152017年英語新課標(biāo)全國I卷短文改錯(cuò)考向雙向細(xì)目表項(xiàng)目 年份2015年2016年2017年體彩議論文（隨筆）記敘文語篇解讀成年時(shí)在城市生活，渴望保護(hù)環(huán)境叔叔開飯店暑假期間考駕照第一天發(fā)生的故事文本長度10993108考點(diǎn)分布名詞111動(dòng)詞111形容詞21副詞011代詞210連詞121介詞111冠詞111從句01時(shí)態(tài)011非謂語01錯(cuò)誤類型錯(cuò)詞988多詞111少詞011【解題策略】專題一 錯(cuò)誤類型：錯(cuò)詞、多詞、缺詞錯(cuò)詞、多詞和缺詞三者的比例大致為：8: 1: 1。其中， 錯(cuò)詞主要針對(duì)實(shí)詞，多詞和缺詞主要針對(duì)虛詞。實(shí)詞包括動(dòng)詞、名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞；虛詞包括冠詞、介詞、連詞。一、錯(cuò)詞1.冠詞：固定搭配、序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)等 。 2.名詞：單復(fù)數(shù)、所有格等。3.代詞：（1） 代詞指代不一致的錯(cuò)誤。代詞的指代一致性包括數(shù)、格和性三方面的統(tǒng)一。 （2） 連接代詞、疑問代詞、關(guān)系代詞的誤用等。4.謂語動(dòng)詞：時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、固定搭配、主謂一致等。5.非謂語動(dòng)詞：現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞、不定式之間的用法區(qū)別，非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)誤用等。6.形容詞、副詞：（1） 兩種詞性的混用。 （2）比較等級(jí)及修飾語的誤用。7.介詞：固定搭配的誤用。8.連詞：關(guān)聯(lián)詞的誤用。包括并列連詞（and, but, or, so, when）和從屬連詞（各種從句的引導(dǎo)詞）二、多詞1.冠詞：名詞前是否多了冠詞。2.謂語動(dòng)詞：及物動(dòng)詞后是否多了介詞。3.不定式：符號(hào)to是否應(yīng)該省略掉。4.形容詞、副詞：比較級(jí)構(gòu)成是否重復(fù)。5.介詞：狀語前、關(guān)系副詞前、及物動(dòng)詞后是否多了介詞。6.連詞：主從復(fù)合句中的because與so連用、although與but連用。7.固定搭配：按照慣用法看，是否多詞：如：（was）used to do三、缺詞1.冠詞：名詞前是否缺冠詞。2.不及物動(dòng)詞：其后是否缺介詞。3.不定式：是否少了不該省的to。4.動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞(如被動(dòng)語態(tài))、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是否被遺漏。5.固定搭配：按照慣用法，是否少詞。專題二 實(shí)詞錯(cuò)誤規(guī)則一、動(dòng)詞關(guān)于動(dòng)詞，首先要根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分清改用謂語動(dòng)詞還是非謂語動(dòng)詞。要明確不作謂語的動(dòng)詞必須用非謂語形式，而究竟用哪種非謂語動(dòng)詞是由非謂語動(dòng)詞的句法功能決定的。第一步：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語的非謂語動(dòng)詞可以是分詞，也可以是不定式；第二步：表示目的只能是不定式。（一）謂語動(dòng)詞的常見錯(cuò)誤類型1. 時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)錯(cuò)用； 2. and 前后動(dòng)詞形式不一致； 3. 第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯(cuò)用；4. 主謂不一致；5. 易混動(dòng)詞的用法錯(cuò)誤；6. 缺少動(dòng)詞，特別是be動(dòng)詞； 7.主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)錯(cuò)用；8. 動(dòng)詞的固定搭配錯(cuò)誤等。（二）非謂語動(dòng)詞的常見錯(cuò)誤1. 動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞混用； 2. 三類非謂語動(dòng)詞之間的混用；3. 不定式符號(hào)to的有無；4.并列結(jié)構(gòu)連接的不定式或動(dòng)名詞前后不一致（尤其距離較遠(yuǎn)時(shí)）；5.介詞后用了動(dòng)詞原形而不是動(dòng)名詞作賓語；6.某些動(dòng)詞后要求接動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語，容易混淆。二、名詞 名詞的常見錯(cuò)誤主要是單復(fù)數(shù)及所有格的錯(cuò)誤使用。【解題方法】1.區(qū)別名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)2.根據(jù)名詞前面的修飾語或謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)來判斷用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)3.記住?？嫉囊恍┎豢蓴?shù)名詞：advice, fun, progress, information, furniture, equipment三、代詞 ?？嫉拇~包括人稱代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞、關(guān)系代詞及疑問代詞等。對(duì)于短文中出現(xiàn)的每一個(gè)代詞都要注意它所指代的內(nèi)容及在句中的作用，注意其數(shù)、格、性是否正確和前后是否一致。數(shù)：I we him them格：she her my mine性：he she him her四、形容詞和副詞（一）形容詞和副詞的混用1. 除了be之外，多數(shù)系動(dòng)詞后要用形容詞作表語；2. 詞性的誤用：形容詞主要作定語修飾名詞；副詞主要做狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等。（二）形容詞和名詞等其他詞類的混用。 （三）比較級(jí)最高級(jí)的誤用以及一些固定搭配如asas的誤用。 五、固定搭配固定搭配指與動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等有關(guān)的短語、平時(shí)要多注意積累。專題三 破解虛詞之錯(cuò)一、冠詞1.誤用a和an：根據(jù)單詞的第一個(gè)因素來判定。2.誤用 a 和 the3.多冠詞或缺冠詞二、介詞主要考查介詞在固定短語中的誤用、多用或者漏用、這些短語包括介詞與動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞等連用。三、連詞為使文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，在行文中要用到各種連詞。在并列句中，我們要從上下文來判斷句與句之間的關(guān)系是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇、遞進(jìn)還是其他關(guān)系。在復(fù)合句中，應(yīng)根據(jù)主從句之間的關(guān)系來判斷連詞的使用是否正確。（一） 并列連詞的誤用主要涉及and, but, or, so等幾個(gè)表示并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇、因果等關(guān)系的詞語。嚴(yán)格來說，這類錯(cuò)誤主要是行文邏輯的錯(cuò)誤。（二）從句引導(dǎo)詞的錯(cuò)誤主要涉及引導(dǎo)詞的錯(cuò)用、誤加與漏用，有時(shí)候?qū)⒉皇菑木涞某煞謪钦J(rèn)為是從句而誤加引導(dǎo)詞。這就需要考生弄清詞性以及句子之間的關(guān)系。另外，還要注意一些連詞的固定用法：either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also, not.but等，要注意它們的搭配。專題四 備考策略 一、把握三四五，共十二個(gè)考點(diǎn)三個(gè)必考點(diǎn)：1. 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)；2. 介詞的誤用、多用或少用；3. 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致。四個(gè)常考點(diǎn)：1. 連詞的誤用、多用或少用；2. 冠詞的誤用、多用或少用；3. 詞語辨析；4. 詞性誤用。五個(gè)考點(diǎn)：1. 代詞；2. 非謂語動(dòng)詞；3. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；4. 主謂一致；5. 形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。二、考法1. 8個(gè)改詞1個(gè)添詞1個(gè)刪詞，記住比例是：8:1:1；2. 每句有02個(gè)錯(cuò)誤；3. 需要變形的詞語通常是名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等；4. 少詞一般是添加冠詞、介詞、連詞、不定式的to，以及物主代詞；5. 多詞一般是刪掉冠詞、介詞、助動(dòng)詞等?！竞诵乃悸贰扛鶕?jù)考點(diǎn)找錯(cuò)誤，又快又準(zhǔn)高速度。三、三個(gè)方面1. 詞法：介詞、冠詞、連詞的多用，少用或誤用，詞性誤用，非謂語動(dòng)詞，各類詞綴，如否定前綴，名詞、形容詞、副詞后綴；2. 句法：主謂一致，時(shí)態(tài)一致，名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)一致，代詞的格和數(shù)一致；3. 行文邏輯：并列句中兩個(gè)簡單句的關(guān)系，因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇、并列關(guān)系等。短文改錯(cuò)解題口訣口訣一：短文改錯(cuò)有妙計(jì)，完整一致看仔細(xì)。詞法側(cè)重冠名動(dòng)，形副互換要留意。分詞出現(xiàn)多琢磨，主動(dòng)被動(dòng)加語氣。全文一處多一詞，一處少詞關(guān)介詞。時(shí)態(tài)人稱要統(tǒng)一，連詞用法重邏輯。短文改錯(cuò)要做好, 常見類型應(yīng)記牢?？谠E二：名詞愛考數(shù)與格，冠詞在前錯(cuò)、多、少； 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)，非謂語搭配莫錯(cuò)了；連代形副錯(cuò)一樣，多是故意來混淆；介詞多半考搭配，多漏誤用想周到；句法涉及到一致，從句多考關(guān)系詞。詞法句法均未錯(cuò)，邏輯推理去尋找。811 排列是規(guī)律，回讀復(fù)查敲定稿。注 1. 一致包括主謂一致，數(shù)、性、格等的一致。2. 811常指：8處錯(cuò)誤，1處多詞，1處少詞。 四、解題步驟1 瀏覽全文，掌握大意2 分句閱讀，逐行找錯(cuò)3 由易到難, 各個(gè)擊破 4 檢查核對(duì)，注意方法具體解題步驟：做短文改錯(cuò)通常遵循以下幾個(gè)步驟：通讀文章，了解大意；逐句分析，行中找錯(cuò)；再讀短文，檢查漏洞。即按照文章句子行文章的順序。第一步：通讀全文，了解大意。短文改錯(cuò)是考查考生在理解的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)語篇整體的識(shí)錯(cuò)、糾錯(cuò)能力，必須從全篇考慮，而不能只顧一句或一行。要理解文章的謀篇布局，弄清楚整篇文章的意思。在閱讀過程中，要注意行文邏輯、文章的時(shí)態(tài)以及人稱等。第二步：逐句分析，行中找錯(cuò)。盡管短文改錯(cuò)是以行設(shè)置錯(cuò)誤的，但語言畢竟是以句子為完整意義單位的。所以，可以逐句分析，看看單句是否有錯(cuò)；如果有錯(cuò)，有幾處錯(cuò)誤，是什么錯(cuò)誤，再看看錯(cuò)誤在哪一行。把短文改錯(cuò)轉(zhuǎn)化為單句改錯(cuò)，然后再在行中找錯(cuò)，這樣就會(huì)降低難度。第三步：再讀短文，檢查漏洞。做完以后，再把文章閱讀一遍，檢查是否有遺漏情況，尤其注意上下句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。多讀一遍，就有可能把某些不清楚的地方理順。題組一（2017年高考真題）Correction 1(2017·新課標(biāo)全國卷I) 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)()，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線()劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1. 每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2. 只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank, I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.Correction 2(2017·新課標(biāo)全國卷II)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處；每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)()，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. beside, they often get some useful informations from the internet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the vegetables！Correction 3(2017·新課標(biāo)全國卷III)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)()，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線()劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1. 每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2. 只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。When I look at this picture of myself. I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.題組二（2016年高考真題）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處；每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)()，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。Correction 1(2016·新課標(biāo)全國卷I)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.Correction 2(2016·新課標(biāo)全國卷II)The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.Correction 3(2016·新課標(biāo)全國卷 III)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life. At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. However, my parents didnt seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one time, I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.Correction 4(2016·四川卷)It is Mothers Day today. Though its a western festival, its popular in China now.Mom has a full-time job, so she has to do most of the houseworks. She is a great mother. Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mothers Day. We get up early in the morning. Dad cleaned the house, and then went on shopping. When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand. I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen. The dishes what I cooked were Moms favoritest. At dinner, we said to her, Happy Mothers Day! Mom was grateful and moving.題組三（2017年名校模擬題）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處；每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)()，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。Correction1(2017屆 廣西南寧、欽州高三?？? Last Friday, our class was invited an old craftsman to teach us how to making dough figurine(面人).When the craftsman came into the classroom, we gave him warm welcome and two boy helped him with the tool box. First, he shows us the basic steps and skills of making dough figurines. We stood around him or watched attentively. Then we started to have a try itself. The old man walked around and helped us patient. Finally, we put the figurines we made on the table and took pictures with the old craftsman. Looking on the figurines, we were all very exciting. We hope we can have more activity of this kind!Correction 2(2017屆廣東省汕頭市高三二模 )I always dream life in the future. What will it be like?Perhaps some people will go to the moon for the holiday, and some people may live under the sea and in pace. Besides, probably therell be more educational program on the Internet. And therefore, students will be able to study at home instead of go to school every day. Whats more, maybe in the future each family will have a robot, that will be able to do whatever it was told to, such as going to shopping, doing housework and so on.With the breakthrough of technology, I believe that their life will certainly become easier, happy and more colorful.Correction 3(2017屆黑龍江省大慶實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三仿真模擬)I was riding in a taxi to the bus station but from there I was supposed to taking a bus to New York City. It was going to be long journey. I had been packed some chocolates in my suitcase to eat in the way. When the ride was over, I paid the driver the due amount and gave him a tip. He got my suitcase out. I took them and started walking away. However, I realized that it was one of the opportunity to perform an act of kindness. I want to give away all the chocolates to the driver. After all, he had served me even though it was just his job. I gave them away and saw the brightly smile light up his face, what made me feel my heart filled with happiness.Correction 4(2017屆湖南省湘潭市高三5月模擬考試)There are four seasons in a year and each is unique. However, autumn is the one I like best. Below are the reason why I have a preference for themIt seems to me what autumn is the most grand and impressive season in a year. First of all, neither can I suffer summer's heat, or can I go through winter's coldness at this time. In addition, it is general acknowledged that autumn is symbol of harvest. The smile from farmers, who are getting a good harvest, always making me happy. What is the most important is that autumn also see leaves of bushes and trees to turn red, gold or orange. What a colorful world it is!That's why I like autumn better.題組一 Correction 1 In the summer holiday following my birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, once I started the car, my mind blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the , “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “ left!” I was so nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes , the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a stop just in the middle the road.【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在暑假期間考駕照第一天發(fā)生的故事。第一處：eighteen改為eighteenth 考查數(shù)詞。句意：在我十八歲生日后的那個(gè)暑假。eighteen意思為“十八，十八個(gè)”，表示數(shù)量，eighteenth表示“第十八個(gè)的”，故將eighteen改為eighteenth。第二處：first前加the/my 考查冠詞。句意：我依然記得第一天是多么艱難。句中特指開始學(xué)駕照的第一天，所以在first前加上the。也可以加上my，my first day表示“我（學(xué)駕照）的第一天”，故在first前加the或my。第三處：so改為but/yet 考查連詞。根據(jù)句意可知作者本以為自己已經(jīng)掌握了教練的話，結(jié)果一發(fā)動(dòng)車，腦中一片空白，前后文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故將so改為but或yet。第四處：goes改為went 考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)前文中的started可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，故將goes改為went。第五處：word改為words 考查單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：教練一直喊“加速！”“減速！”“左轉(zhuǎn)！”。word“單詞，消息”，words 可以表示為word的復(fù)數(shù)，也表示某人說的話，這里指教練說的那些話，故將word改為words。第六處：Turning改為Turn 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析語境可知教練的話“加速”，“減速”，“左轉(zhuǎn)”都是祈使句，根據(jù)前文“Speed up!” “Slow down!”也可以看得出來。祈使句應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞原形，故將Turning改為Turn。第七處：much去掉 考查固定句型。句意：我如此緊張以至于無法分辨哪個(gè)方向是左。固定句型so.that表示“如此以至于”，much為多余成分，故將much去掉。第八處：late改為later 考查副詞。late在此作副詞，late“遲地”，later“稍后、隨后”。此處表示“幾分鐘之后”，故將late改為later。第九處：suddenly改為sudden 考查形容詞。句意：我來了個(gè)緊急剎車。suddenly是副詞，表示“意外地，忽然地”。sudden為形容詞，表示“突然的；迅速的”，修飾名詞stop用形容詞，故將suddenly改為sudden。a sudden stop表示“急剎車”。第十處：on改為of 考查介詞。分析語境可知此處表示“在路中間急剎車”，on the road表示“在路上”，the middle of the road表示“路的中央”，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“the middle”，故將on改為of。Correction 2Mr. and Mrs. Zhang work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are in planting vegetables in their garden, is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up and water the vegetables together. They have also bought some gardening tools. , they often get some useful from the internet. When summer , they will invite their students pick the vegetables！【答案解析】【文章大意】本文主要講了張先生和張?zhí)娜粘９ぷ骱蜕?。第一處：all改為both：考查both和all的用法，both的主語是兩個(gè)，而all的主語是三個(gè)或者三個(gè)以上，故將all改為both。第二處：a改為an或one：考查冠詞，因?yàn)閔our音標(biāo)的首字母是元音，所以應(yīng)用an,故將a改為an或者one。第三處：interesting改為interested：考查形容詞，由于此句的主語是人，而interesting的主語是物，故將interesting改為interested。第七處：beside改為besides：考查連接詞，beside是介詞，“在旁邊”，而這里需要一個(gè)連接詞，故將beside改為besides。第八處：informations改為information：考查名詞，information是不可數(shù)名詞，故將informations改為information.第九處：came改為comes：考查時(shí)態(tài)，本文全篇為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故將came改為comes。第十處：pick改為to pick：考查動(dòng)詞，本句出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞，所以要將第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉侵^語動(dòng)詞，又根據(jù)句意：摘新鮮的蔬菜是目的，所以把第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)閠o do不定式的形式表目的，故將pick前加上to。Correction 3When I look at this picture of myself. I realize how fast time flies. I grown not only physically, also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was , I entered my second year of high school and a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of high school days.【答案解析】第一處：刪除realize后的of 考查介詞。realize是及物動(dòng)詞，后面接賓語時(shí)不需要介詞。第二處： hadhave 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語in the past few years判斷用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。第三處： andbut 考查連詞。固定短語not onlybut also意為不但而且。第四處： tooktaken 考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意可知此處表示被動(dòng)含義，故把took改為taken。第五處： becomebecame 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)and前面的動(dòng)詞entered判斷該句應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)。第六處：在picture前加the/ this 考查限定詞的用法。單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前應(yīng)該有限定詞，根據(jù)句意可知在picture前加the或者this。第七處：theythat/which 考查定語從句。they不能引導(dǎo)定語從句，因?yàn)橹复鷗hings，所以把they改為that或者which。第八處：differencedifferent 考查形容詞。修飾名詞kinds應(yīng)該用形容詞形式。第九處： latelatest 考查形容詞最高級(jí)。根據(jù)句意可知此處指最新的音樂唱片，故把late改為latest。第十處：yourmy 考查代詞。根據(jù)句意可知此處是我高中時(shí)代生活的美好回憶，故把your改為my。題組二 Correction 1My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to I live. Though not very big, the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even  to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is . Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables  high quality oil are  for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams  becoming rich in  short period of time. Instead, he hopes that  business will grow .【答案解析】【歸納拓展】在英語中though、although、while或者as等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句不和but連用；連詞because不和so連用；此外，return不和back連用。第三處：hadhave?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。 整篇文章都是以現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)寫的， 所以需將一般過去時(shí)改為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。第四處：honesthonesty?？疾槊~。根據(jù)語境我叔叔告訴我他成功的關(guān)鍵在于誠實(shí)可知，此處該用名詞形式作表語。第五處：orand。考查并列連詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處不是表示選擇關(guān)系，而是表示新鮮的蔬菜和優(yōu)質(zhì)的油，故把or改為and。第六處：usingused。考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。fresh vegetables和high quality oil與use之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。第七處：becoming前加of?？疾榻樵~。dream of doing sth.是固定搭配，意為夢想做某事。第八處：thea。考查冠詞。此處表示泛指，故該用不定冠詞a，in a short period of time意為短期內(nèi)。第九處：ourhis。考查代詞。由語境及主語he可知，此處指的是叔叔的生意，故將our改為his才合乎語境。第十處：steadysteadily。考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞grow該用副詞，所以應(yīng)用steady的副詞形式steadily。Correction 2The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about  to do during the holiday. We can  between staying at home and  a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about  world. If we go on a trip abroad， we can broaden  view and gain   we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we 或go to places of interest nearby. I   that it is a good idea. It does not cost  , yet we can still learn a lot.【答案解析】第一處：how 改為what。考查賓語從句。分析句子可知，are talking about 后為賓語從句，且從句中do缺少賓語，故將how改為what。第二處：chose 改為choose?？疾榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞原形。第三處：take 改為taking?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。因?yàn)閍nd連接兩個(gè)并列的成分，且介詞后接動(dòng)名詞形式，所以將take改為taking。第八處：刪除can或?qū)an改為 should?？疾樘摂M語氣。suggest 意為建議時(shí)，其后的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣，謂語動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。第九處：thought改為think?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。全文的時(shí)態(tài)均以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主，故此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。第十處：many改為much?？疾榇~。表示錢的多少時(shí)，要用much而不是many。【名師點(diǎn)睛】高考短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)層次一般而言可依次分為詞法的測試、句法的測試和語篇的測試三個(gè)層面?？键c(diǎn)層次越高，就越能測試出考生運(yùn)用語言的能力。低層次的考點(diǎn)往往側(cè)重于語法方面的考查，而高層次的考點(diǎn)往往側(cè)重于考生對(duì)文章意義方面的理解。一、詞法改錯(cuò)詞法的測試包括：定冠詞和不定冠詞的用法；名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和名詞的所有格；動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞等；人稱代詞、人稱代詞的格、物主代詞、指示代詞、連接代詞、不定代詞等的用法；介詞的搭配；并列連詞、從屬連詞的用法；形容詞、副詞的區(qū)別以及比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法；固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法。例如：本題中的5.about后加the 考查定冠詞7.knowledges改為knowledge 考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)10.many改為much 考查代詞二、句法改錯(cuò)句法的測試包括：主謂語在數(shù)上的一致性；名詞性從句、定語從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句；句子結(jié)構(gòu)的連貫性、完整性、對(duì)等性和邏輯性。例如：1.how改為what 考查特殊結(jié)構(gòu)。2.chose改為choose 考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)3.take改為taking 考查并列結(jié)構(gòu)8.刪除can或can改為should 考查虛擬語氣三、語篇改錯(cuò)語篇的測試包括：上下文的時(shí)態(tài)是否一致；上下文中的代詞指代是否一致；上下文中的邏輯關(guān)系是否一致。4.but改為and 考查連詞6.your改為our 考查代詞和邏輯關(guān)系9.thought改為think 考查時(shí)態(tài)Correction 3The teenage  from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and  years in my life. At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by . However, my parents didnt seem to think . They always  me what to do and how to do it. At one time, I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be  from them. I showed them I was independent by  strange clothes. Now I am leaving home  college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever  need help.【答案解析】第一處：year改為years。考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。13至19歲不止一年的年齡差，此處為復(fù)數(shù)概念，故用years。第二處：worse改為worst。考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句中有表示范圍的in my life，同時(shí)應(yīng)與前面的best保持一致。第六處：tell改為told?？疾檎Z篇中時(shí)態(tài)的一致性。全文中心時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，故應(yīng)將tell改為told。第七處：freely改為free。考查形容詞的句法功能。系動(dòng)詞be后應(yīng)為形容詞作表語。第八處：wear改為wearing。考查動(dòng)名詞作賓語。介詞后面應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語。第九處：to改為for?？疾楣潭ù钆?。leave.for.表示離開某地去某地。第十處：whenever后加I?？疾榫渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)。whenever為時(shí)間狀語從句連詞，其在此引導(dǎo)的從句缺了主語，根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)加主語I?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】改錯(cuò)中動(dòng)詞、連詞以及上下文語境也是出題者經(jīng)常會(huì)考慮的出題知識(shí)點(diǎn)，其解題方法如下：1.動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤的發(fā)現(xiàn)與解決英語中有許多的短語動(dòng)詞，是很難從字面上判斷其意義的。其中與介詞構(gòu)成短語的動(dòng)詞是最常見的。我們在分析題目的時(shí)候，發(fā)現(xiàn)有動(dòng)賓搭配的時(shí)候，應(yīng)該考慮該動(dòng)詞是否是一個(gè)短語動(dòng)詞，并進(jìn)而分析構(gòu)成該短語動(dòng)詞的介詞有無遺漏。對(duì)于短語動(dòng)詞的熟悉是一個(gè)長期積累的過程，需要隨時(shí)總結(jié)與記憶。以下是考試中常見到的短語動(dòng)詞：account for；  add up to；  back up；  break down；  break away from；  bleak out；  break up；  break in；  break off；  bring ab