單項(xiàng)填空單項(xiàng)填空一一 The school shop, _ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.(2011四川卷) A. which B. whose C. when D. where B考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞在從句中作customers的定語(yǔ)，故選B項(xiàng)。which在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)；when、where作狀語(yǔ)。句意：大部分顧客是學(xué)生的那家學(xué)校的商店因?yàn)榉偶贂簳r(shí)歇業(yè)了。思路點(diǎn)撥思路點(diǎn)撥【考點(diǎn)1】限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的比較： 限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句形式其前無(wú)逗號(hào)其前有逗號(hào)翻譯譯在先行詞前(即：從句譯作先行詞的定語(yǔ))譯成與主句并列的一個(gè)分句(即：譯作兩句)功能修飾名詞或代詞可修飾名詞或代詞，也可修飾整個(gè)主句關(guān)系詞可用that引導(dǎo)；作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞?？墒〔豢捎胻hat引導(dǎo)；關(guān)系詞一律不省意義起限制作用(若被省去，原句意義不完整)起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用(若被省去，原句意義不受影響)【考點(diǎn)2】介詞關(guān)系代詞連用時(shí)，介詞的選用 She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _ had taken more than three years. (2011江西卷) A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which C我們可以說(shuō)whose construction，也可以說(shuō)the construction of whichof which the construction, 介詞of 表所屬關(guān)系。 介詞提前時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的形式為：介詞which/whom, 不能用that或who。介詞的選用一般根據(jù)后邊動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。 【考點(diǎn)3】 as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的比較 Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a Tshirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. (2011全國(guó)卷) A. this B. that C. what D. which Dwhich引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。代指前句整個(gè)內(nèi)容。 _ is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. Which D. What BA、D不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，C引導(dǎo)的從句不可放句首。As is known to everybodyas everybody knows “正如大家所知道的”. 該句也可換成It is known to everybody that the moon travels around the earth once every month. What is known to everybody is that the moon travels around the earth once every month. as和which的相同點(diǎn)： (1)先行詞都可指代整個(gè)主句；(2)都可在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。as和which的不同點(diǎn)： (1)as引導(dǎo)的從句可位于句首，而which則不行；(2)as有“正如”之意，而which表示“這一點(diǎn)”。 【考點(diǎn)4】關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選用 I will never forget the day _I came to my university and the day _I spent in a new city. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when A解答該題要搞清楚兩個(gè)先行詞都是表示時(shí)間的名詞the day在定語(yǔ)從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，第一個(gè)時(shí)間名詞the day 在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，因此要用關(guān)系副詞when。第二個(gè)時(shí)間名詞the day 在從句中作動(dòng)詞spent的賓語(yǔ)，因此要用關(guān)系代詞which或that來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 如果先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由，而引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因等狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用when, where, why；有時(shí)盡管先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由，但是引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不作狀語(yǔ)，而是作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞則用that或which。 Men are more suited to occupational environments _ require decisive action while women are better at jobs _ a considered approach is most important. A. which; that B. /; when C. which; when D. that; where D第一空用關(guān)系代詞that或which 作主語(yǔ)，不可以省略。第二空用關(guān)系副詞where，因?yàn)楹缶湟馑纪暾?，不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)先行詞job 和后面定語(yǔ)從句意思，確定用關(guān)系副詞whereat which表地點(diǎn)，作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。 定語(yǔ)從句中如果先行詞是地點(diǎn)，而引導(dǎo)詞在從句中可作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞用where；如果先行詞是時(shí)間，而引導(dǎo)詞在從句中可作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞用when?！究键c(diǎn)5】定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別 Was it in the street _ our school is located in _ the car accident happened? A. where; that B. where; which C. that; which D. which; that D本題考查定語(yǔ)從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。第一空考查定語(yǔ)從句， that或which作第二個(gè)in的賓語(yǔ)；第二空考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。 1. 區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句最簡(jiǎn)單的方法是：在先行詞與從句之間加be動(dòng)詞，若句子成立，則是同位語(yǔ)從句；若句子不成立，則可能為定語(yǔ)從句。 The news that he has passed the exam pleased him and his family. 由于“The news is that he has passed the exam.”句子成立，因此“that he has passed the exam”是the news的同位語(yǔ)。 The news that he told me this morning is not interesting. 由于“The news is that he told me this morning”不成立，于是“that he told me this morning”不是the news的同位語(yǔ)，而是限定the news的定語(yǔ)從句。 2. 區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句最簡(jiǎn)單的方法是：若將It is / was和that / who去掉而句中不缺成分，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，說(shuō)明原句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型；若結(jié)構(gòu)不完整，則說(shuō)明原句可能為定語(yǔ)從句?！究键c(diǎn)6】定語(yǔ)從句的主謂一致 1. 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。 I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble. 2. one of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 關(guān)系代詞 復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞；而the only one of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 關(guān)系代詞 單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。 Harry Potter is one of the bestsellers that are popular with teenagers. Harry Potter is the only one of the bestsellers that makes the author a billionaire. 3. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，由關(guān)系代詞as或which代替整個(gè)主句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。 He has passed the exam, which makes us surprised. Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.