虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣.概念概念:虛擬語(yǔ)氣是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，虛擬語(yǔ)氣是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式， 用來(lái)表達(dá)說(shuō)用來(lái)表達(dá)說(shuō)話(huà)人的愿望，意圖，建議，驚奇，設(shè)想等話(huà)人的愿望，意圖，建議，驚奇，設(shè)想等未能實(shí)現(xiàn)未能實(shí)現(xiàn)以及在說(shuō)話(huà)人看來(lái)以及在說(shuō)話(huà)人看來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)可能性很小實(shí)現(xiàn)可能性很小的情況。的情況。 II.虛擬語(yǔ)氣的特點(diǎn)：虛擬語(yǔ)氣的特點(diǎn)： 虛擬語(yǔ)氣表達(dá)的是與客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)相反的觀念虛擬語(yǔ)氣表達(dá)的是與客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)相反的觀念。 III.虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式 非真實(shí)條件句非真實(shí)條件句“should”類(lèi)類(lèi)“過(guò)去時(shí)及過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)過(guò)去時(shí)及過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)”類(lèi)類(lèi)非真實(shí)條件句非真實(shí)條件句 If 條件從句條件從句 主主 句句 1.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反2.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反3.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 注注: 虛擬語(yǔ)氣中助動(dòng)詞虛擬語(yǔ)氣中助動(dòng)詞be一律用一律用were，不用，不用waswould do sthshould/could/might would have done sthshould/could/might would do sthshould/could/mightIf sb did sthIf sb had done sthIf sb did sthshould do sthwere to do sth1.I dont have a car and Im not happy.2.Im not a bird. I cant fly.3.He doesnt take his teachers advice. He doesnt pass the exam.4.It is raining. We wont go for a picnic.1.表示與現(xiàn)在表示與現(xiàn)在 事實(shí)相反事實(shí)相反條 件 從 句主 句動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（be的過(guò)去式一般用were）would (should, could, might)動(dòng)詞原形a) If I had a car, I would be very happyb) I would be very happy if I had a car, but I dont have one. a) If I were a bird, I could flyb) I could fly if I were a bird, but I am not a bird, so I cant fly. a) If he took his teachers advice, he might pass the exam. b) He might pass the exam but he doesnt take his teachers advice and he doesnt pass the exama) If it werent raining, we would go for a picnic.b) We would go for a picnic but it is raining. ( )1.If my father _ here now, he _tell me what to do. A. were, would B were, will C is, would D is , will( )2. If I _ a bee, I _ work much harder. A were, would B were, shall C had, will D have, should( )3. If I _ much money, I _ buy a house. A have, will B had, should C had, will D have, should( )4. He _ learn more quickly if he _harder. A will, work B would, worked C would, work D will ,worked( )5. If I _ you, I _ do that. A was, wouldnt B were, wouldnt C am , wont D were, wont AABBBEx1.I didnt know her telephone number and I didnt call her.2.He didnt come ten minutes earlier. So he didnt see the famous film star.3.I didnt take a taxi, for it is five minutes walk.2.表示與過(guò)去表示與過(guò)去 事實(shí)相反事實(shí)相反 條 件 從 句 主 句had 過(guò)去分詞would (should, could, might)have過(guò)去分詞a) If I had known her telephone number, I would have called her. b)I would have called her but I_ her telephone number.a) If he had come ten minutes earlier, he could have met that famous film star. b) He could have met that famous film star but he _ ten minutes earlier.c) I didnt know her telephone number, otherwise I _ her.c) He didnt come ten minutes earlier otherwise he _ that famous film star. didnt knowwould have telephoneddidnt comecould have metIf it_ five minutes walk, I _ a taxi.werentwould have taken( )1.If you _ the doctors advice, you would have recognized already. A. followed B would follow C follow D had followed( )2. If my lawyer_ _here last Saturday, he _me from going. A had been , would have prevented B had been, would prevent C were, would prevent D were, would have prevented( )3.I _ if she _ me. A would have overslept , didnt call B would have overslept, hadnt called C overslept, hadnt called D would overslept, didnt call( )4.- If he _, he _that food. -Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A was warned, would not take B had been warned, would not have taken C would be warned, had not taken D would have been warned, had not taken( )5. She _ to the party if she _ invited. A would have gone, had been B would go , was C would have gone, was D has goneDABBA1.Im not twenty years old, so I wont take the computer course.2.I wont do so. Of course he wont feel surprised.3-.He says he will not come. -If he _, what _we _ (do) ?3.表示與將來(lái)表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反事實(shí)相反條 件 從 句 主 句動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式或should 動(dòng)詞原形或were to 動(dòng)詞原形would (should, could, might)動(dòng)詞原形If I were twenty years old, I would take the course of computer science. I would take the computer course but I am not twenty years old. If I did so, she would feel very surprised should do were to do She would feel very surprised if I did/should do/were to do that, but I wont do that, so she will not feel surprised. should comewould doEx.( )1) Its probable that it wont rain tomorrow. But if it _, I would still go to the park. A should rain B would rain C rains D had rained( )2.I dont think that I shall fail. But if I _, I would try again. A should fail B would fail C failed D had failed ( )3. _ tomorrow, what should we do? A If it rains B. Should it rain C. Would it rain D. Were it raining注：書(shū)面語(yǔ)中“if”虛擬語(yǔ)氣倒裝形式的使用： 如果“if”從句中含有 “were, had ”或“should ”時(shí), 則可省 略連詞“if ”，而把“were, had ” 或“should” 移至主語(yǔ)之前。eg：1) Were I you (=If I were you ), I would . 2) Had they not come last time (=If they had not come last time), we would have done. 3) Should it rain tomorrow (= If it should rain tomorrow), she would AABA) suggest (建議) that sb (should )do sth insist order command require request demand prefer1)The teacher suggested we (should )finish the work at the end of next week. 3) The officer ordered that the enemy (should ) be surrounded in the village before daylight. 2) His uncle insists that he (should ) go to the best- known university instead of some common ones. B) Its suggested that sb (should) do sth ordered required demanded decidedC) It is necessary / strange that sb (should) do sth important“should”類(lèi)類(lèi)The teacher suggested that the work _(finish) .be finishedCf. The expression on his face suggested that he _(be) unhappy. She insisted that her answer was right. wasIts (high) time that sb did sth should do sthwish that sb did sth had done sth could/would do would rather that sb did sth now/ tomorrow had done sth ( in the past) what ifIf only as if“過(guò)去時(shí)及過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)過(guò)去時(shí)及過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)”類(lèi)類(lèi)Its about time that you _ your store. A close B. closed C have closed D .had closedIts high time that he _ to think how to deal with the money. A. would begin B. began C. begin D. will begin - He would go to see you. - _ he did not come? A. What if B. Where if C. What come D. why whetherBBA -Do you have a type writer? -No, but I wish I _. A. have B. had C. do D. had hadBExercises:( ) 1.I advised that sister _ at her desk all day. mustnt B not read C doesnt read D neednt read( )2. The situation required that China _ its door to the outside world. A must open B should open C have to open D has to open ( )3. I _ you a more valuable present for your birthday ,but I was short of money at that time. A must have brought B would have bought C had bought D would buy( )4-Do you want him to lend you some money? -I wish he _. A had B did C would D should BBBC( )5. _he come , the problem would be settled. A Would B Should C. Shall D. If ( )6. It was required that each student _ enough food on the trip. A. had better bring B would bring C brought D bring( )7.You _ the meeting held yesterday. Why are you absent? A had watched B might have watched C were to watch D would watch( )8.She didnt come yesterday, or you _him. A had seen B might have seen C were to see D would see BDDB( )9._ you _last Wednesday, you might know it well now. A Were , to come B. If, came C. Had, come D. Did , come( )10.I was ill that day, otherwise I _the sports meet. A. would have taken part in B took part in C had taken part in D would take part in ( )11.She couldnt have answered the question if she _ a few books on world history. A didnt read B wouldnt read C havent read D hadnt readCAD( )12.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A breaks B has broken C were broken D had been broken C( )13.We should have arrived sooner except we _ a flat tyre. A had B would C has not D has ( )14.-Why didnt you help him? -I would have_ I didnt have the money. A still B but C otherwise D or ( )15. I would rather she _ with her friends that alone. A travel on train B traveled by train C travels by train D traveling by the train( )16.I would have invited her to the party but I _ her . A. hadnt met B. met C. didnt meet D. would meetABBCCf. But for his great help, we _ (finish) the task in time. couldnt have finished要不是要不是( )17.It was ordered that no smoking _ in the library. A was allowed B be allowed C would be allowed D had been allowed( )18. Would you have stayed with her_? A had she asked B if she asked C if she should ask D should she ask( )19. _ here, he would attend the lecture. A. Had he been B If he was C Were he D Was he ( )20.Without electricity, what _? A will the world be like B. would the world be like C. the world would be like D. the world will be likeBACB