parts of these sentences indicate the “time”.The moment I get the money Ill send the ticket.I was just getting into the bath when the telephone rang.He gets more attractive as he gets older.Whenever I go there they seem to be in trouble.Ive been very busy since I came back from holiday.（1）when, as, while （從屬連詞）（從屬連詞） when既可引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動作，又可引導(dǎo)短既可引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動作，又可引導(dǎo)短暫性動作。它可以表示主句的動作和從句暫性動作。它可以表示主句的動作和從句的動作同時發(fā)生，或從句的動作發(fā)生在主的動作同時發(fā)生，或從句的動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前。如：句動作之前。如： When I was a boy, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.（同時）（同時） When the lesson was over, we began our writing.（從句動作在前）（從句動作在前）as引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動作，側(cè)重主句和從句的動引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動作，側(cè)重主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生。作同時發(fā)生。He hurried home, looking behind as he went.I saw your sister as she was getting on the bus yesterday.He sang as he walked.while指的是指的是“在某一時間里在某一時間里”，“在在期間期間”，從句里的動作必須是持，從句里的動作必須是持續(xù)性的，它也強調(diào)主句和從句動作的同時續(xù)性的，它也強調(diào)主句和從句動作的同時發(fā)生，往往側(cè)重主句和從句動作的對比。發(fā)生，往往側(cè)重主句和從句動作的對比。如：如：While he was in London, he studied music. While we were watching TV, he was writing a composition.當當when, as, while表示表示“在在一段時間一段時間里里”，主從句的動作同時發(fā)生時，可以，主從句的動作同時發(fā)生時，可以換用。如：換用。如：While (When/As) we were discussing, Mr. Smith came in.*when 可表示可表示“如果如果”。如：。如：Dont be afraid of asking for help_ it is needed. (2003全國）全國） A. Unless B. since C. although D. when*while可表示可表示“雖然，盡管雖然，盡管”。如：。如：1)_ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.(2004浙江）浙江）A. While B. Since C. As D. If* _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. (2004江江蘇）蘇） A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unlesswhen和和while（并列連詞）（并列連詞） while表示對表示對照的意思；照的意思；when 表示表示“這時，突然這時，突然”1)I do every single bit of housework_ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.(2004廣西）廣西） A. since B. while C. when D. as2) He was about to tell me the secret_ someone patted him on the shoulder. (2002上海）上海） A. as B. until C. while D. when3) We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started.(2004北京春）北京春） A. when B. while C. until D. before 4) Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park_she was bitten on the leg by a lion. (2004上海）上海） A. when B. while C. since D. before(2)till和和until 如果主句謂語動詞是持續(xù)動詞，如果主句謂語動詞是持續(xù)動詞，通常用肯定式的主句，表示通常用肯定式的主句，表示“直直到到為止為止”。如：。如： I worked till (until) he came back.1) A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story.(2003上海）上海） A. when B. unless C. after D. until2) We were told that we should follow the main road _we reached the central railway station.(2004遼寧）遼寧） A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever 如果主句謂語動詞是瞬間動詞，則用如果主句謂語動詞是瞬間動詞，則用否定式的主句表示否定式的主句表示“直到直到才才”。如：如：I didnt go to bed until (till) he came back.3) -Was his father very strict with him when he was at school? -Yes. He had never praised him _ he became one of the top students in his grade.(2003春）春） A. after B. unless C. until D. when放在句首表示強調(diào)時一般用放在句首表示強調(diào)時一般用until。如：。如：Until he returns, nothing can be done.4) Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was.(1995全國全國)A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realizedC. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize*如果如果before引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句之后，引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句之后，有時不能譯成有時不能譯成“在在之前之前”，而要譯成，而要譯成“就就”、“才才” 等。如：等。如：The struggle lasted four years before the North won in the end.He almost knocked me down before he saw me.(3)before “在在之前之前”Before I came downstairs I had prepared myself very carefully for what I must say.1) Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _ I could answer the phone. (2000全國）全國） A. as B. since C. until D. before2) He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse. (2003北京）北京） A. until B. when C. before D. as3) Scientists say it may be five or six years_ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.(2004福建）福建） A. since B. after C. before D. when4)It was evening _ we reached the little town of Winchester.(2004天津）天津） A. that B. until C. since D. before(4) by the time, each time, every time, immediately, the moment, the instant, the minute, soon after, shortly after都可以作為都可以作為連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語。如：連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語。如： By the time he was fourteen, he had taught himself advanced mathematics. Each time he came, he would call on me. You must show him in immediately he comes. I recognized him the moment I saw him.注意：注意：時間狀語從句中謂語動詞不能時間狀語從句中謂語動詞不能用任何一種將來時，只能用現(xiàn)在時和用任何一種將來時，只能用現(xiàn)在時和過去時表示將來時。過去時表示將來時。- Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?- Yes, I gave it to her _ I saw her. (2001全國春）全國春） A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once 時間狀語從句：時間狀語從句：引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的從屬連詞有：引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的從屬連詞有：when, while, as, whenever, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, once,the moment, immediately, no soonerthan, hardlywhen, by the time, every time, last time等。等。狀語從句狀語從句 狀語從句在主從復(fù)合句中修飾主句中的狀語從句在主從復(fù)合句中修飾主句中的動詞，形容詞或副詞，按意義可分為動詞，形容詞或副詞，按意義可分為時時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步方式、比較、讓步等狀語從句。從句可等狀語從句。從句可放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首時，放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首時，從句后面常用一個逗號，放在句末時，從句后面常用一個逗號，放在句末時，從句前一般不用逗號。本模塊著重講解從句前一般不用逗號。本模塊著重講解時間狀語從句時間狀語從句。The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _ we meet them again. (2007安徽安徽)A. after B. before C. since D. when He was told that it would be at least three more months _ he could recover and return to work. (2007江西江西) A. when B. before C. since D. that It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life _ weve actually had that lesson. (2007天津天津)A. until B. after C. since D. when - Wheres that report?- I brought it to you _you were in Mr. Blacks office yesterday. (2007北北京京)A. if B. when C. because D. before Im sorry youve been waiting so long, but itll still be some time _ Brian gets back. (2008北京北京) A. before B. since C. till D. after I used to love that film _ I was a child, but I dont feel it that way any more. (2008遼寧遼寧) A. once B. when C. since D. althoughThere were some chairs left over _ everyone had sat down. (2008四川四川) A. when B. until C. that D. whereNancy enjoyed herself so much _ she visited her friends in Sydney last year. (2008福建福建) A. that B. which C. when D. where1. 我一見到他就告訴他這個消息。我一見到他就告訴他這個消息。(as soon as)2. 她一來到教室，就開始讀英語。她一來到教室，就開始讀英語。(as soon as)Ill tell him the news as soon as I see him.As soon as she came into the classroom, she began to read English.Translate the following sentences by using the words in brackets.Exercises3. 我剛一到家天就下雨了。我剛一到家天就下雨了。(no sooner than)I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.4. 他剛做完試卷，鈴聲就響了。他剛做完試卷，鈴聲就響了。(hardly when)He had hardly finished the test when the bell rang.Hardly had he finished the test when the bell rang.5.5.他一來，你就可立即離開。他一來，你就可立即離開。(immediately)6.6.我一見到你，就認出你來了。我一見到你，就認出你來了。(the moment)You may leave immediately he comes.I recognized you the moment I saw you.7.7.每次見面，他都向我問候，說每次見面，他都向我問候，說“你好！你好！”(each time / every time)8.8.到到1818歲的時候，她已大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。歲的時候，她已大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。(by the time) He greeted with “hello!” each time he saw me.By the time she was 18, she had already graduated from the university.Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didnt come to school to see me the next day.Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didnt.避免重復(fù)避免重復(fù),減少累贅減少累贅EllipsesLook at the following sentences, say which one is better and why.省略句省略句:為了避免重復(fù)為了避免重復(fù), ,省省略句中的一個或幾個成分略句中的一個或幾個成分, ,這種語法現(xiàn)象稱為省略。這種語法現(xiàn)象稱為省略。1. Sorry to have kept you waiting.2. Seen the movie before?Im sorry to have kept you waiting.Have you seen the movie before?連接緊密，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊連接緊密，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊強調(diào)重點，突出信息強調(diào)重點，突出信息Add words which have been left out and rewrite the sentences.3. John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in 1998.4. - What did you do yesterday?- Just slept. Nothing else.John was the winner in 1994 and Bob was the winner in 1998.- I just slept. I did nothing else.簡單句中的省略簡單句中的省略1. 在對話中在對話中- How is your mother today?- (She is ) Much better.2. 在祈使句中在祈使句中（You) Open the door, please.3. 在感嘆句中在感嘆句中What a (good) boy (he is)!How (hard) they are working!4. 表示講話人的表示講話人的意見意見和和看法看法(It) Sounds fine to me.(Its a) Pity you couldnt come.5. 提問提問(Is there) Anything wrong?(Have you) Found the bike?6. 名詞所有格修飾的名詞若表示名詞所有格修飾的名詞若表示店鋪店鋪、住宅住宅、教堂教堂或或上下文已暗示或明確指上下文已暗示或明確指出過的出過的事物事物At her mothers (house) she passed many happy days.7. 前面出現(xiàn)過的動詞在下文再次出現(xiàn)前面出現(xiàn)過的動詞在下文再次出現(xiàn)時可以單純使用不定式符號時可以單純使用不定式符號toI. -Will you go with me?-Well, Id like to (go with you).II. - Have you ever been to the seaside?- No, we cant afford to (go to the seaside).并列句中的省略并列句中的省略1. 后面分句中與前面相同的部分常被后面分句中與前面相同的部分常被省略。省略。She was poor but (she was) honest.2. 有時并列句中的省略部分出現(xiàn)在前有時并列句中的省略部分出現(xiàn)在前面的分句中，看完最后一個分句才能面的分句中，看完最后一個分句才能掌握全句的完整意義。掌握全句的完整意義。Mary can (speak English) and Mary ought to speak English.慣用的省略結(jié)構(gòu)慣用的省略結(jié)構(gòu)1. 無動詞祈使句，無主句祝愿句，這無動詞祈使句，無主句祝愿句，這類句子往往用感嘆號。類句子往往用感嘆號。If only I could remember his name!2. 固定句型固定句型How/What about + n. /pron. /-ing。What about some more milk?3. Why not +省去省去to的動詞不定式。的動詞不定式。Why not go at once?復(fù)合句中的省略復(fù)合句中的省略1. 主句中的省略主句中的省略1)主句的省略多見于句首，多用于口語。主句的省略多見于句首，多用于口語。(Its a) Pity you couldnt come.2)在對話中答句省去整個主句只用從在對話中答句省去整個主句只用從句。句。-Shall I go to play?-If you like (you can go to play).2. 賓語從句中的省略賓語從句中的省略1）由）由which,when,where,how和和why 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，可全部或部分省引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，可全部或部分省去去,只保留引導(dǎo)詞。只保留引導(dǎo)詞。Please pass me one of these books, I dont care which (you pass me).2)在在Im afraid,I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等開頭的作答句中，后面跟等開頭的作答句中，后面跟so 與與 not 分別用于肯定或否定賓語時，賓語分別用于肯定或否定賓語時，賓語從句可省去。從句可省去。-Do you think it will rain?-I hope not (that it will not rain).3. 狀語從句中的省略狀語從句中的省略1）狀語從句出現(xiàn)在句末時，一般都可以）狀語從句出現(xiàn)在句末時，一般都可以作句尾省略。作句尾省略。Coming swimming? You dont have to (coming swimming) if you dont want to (coming swimming) .2)有時條件從句可以完全省去，只剩有時條件從句可以完全省去，只剩下主句。下主句。I would have come yesterday (if I had wanted to).3)以以as, than 引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句可以全引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句可以全部或部分省去。部或部分省去。After half an hour, she became quieter (than she had been).1. The research is so designed that once _nothing can be done to change it. (2002全國全國)A. begins B. having begunC. beginning D. begun狀語從句中，如果主句的主語和從句的狀語從句中，如果主句的主語和從句的主語一致，且狀語從句的謂語動詞中有主語一致，且狀語從句的謂語動詞中有be動詞，從句的主語連同動詞，從句的主語連同be可一起省略，可一起省略，該類狀語從句多為時間、地點、條件、該類狀語從句多為時間、地點、條件、方式或讓步等，連詞為方式或讓步等，連詞為when, while, though, if, unless, although, as if 等，后等，后面通常接分詞、不定式、形容詞、名詞面通常接分詞、不定式、形容詞、名詞等。等。2. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. (2004湖北湖北)A. the way B. in the way thatC. in the way D. the way which關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中充當賓語且不位于介詞之后可充當賓語且不位于介詞之后可以省略。以省略。3. A computer does only what thinking people _. (1999上海上海)A. have it do B. have it doneC. have done it D. having it done不定式在感官動詞不定式在感官動詞see, hear, feel, watch, notice, look at , listen to, overhear, observe 和使役動詞和使役動詞 have, make, let 后作賓語補足語時后作賓語補足語時, 不定不定式省略式省略to 。 4. - Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my car ? - Not at all. _. (1995全國全國)A. Ive no time B. Id rather notC. Id like it D. Id be happy to動詞動詞love, mean, want, hate, like, wish, expect, hope，try, intend, plan, refuse, prefer, seem 及及be glad (pleased, delighted, happy) to 等后面接不定式時，為避免重等后面接不定式時，為避免重復(fù)，常省略與上文相同的動詞，只保留復(fù)，常省略與上文相同的動詞，只保留to不定式符號。不定式符號。5. - You havent lost the ticket, have you ? - _. I know its not easy to get another one at the moment. (2004江蘇江蘇) A. I hope not B. Yes, I have C. I hope so D. Yes, Im afraid so 替代詞替代詞so / not用于避免重復(fù)前面所說過用于避免重復(fù)前面所說過的內(nèi)容，代替肯定的名詞性從句?？膳c動的內(nèi)容，代替肯定的名詞性從句?？膳c動詞詞believe , do, expect, fear, guess, hope, say, speak, suppose, think 等及等及 Im afraid連用?？隙〞r上列動詞都可與連用。肯定時上列動詞都可與so 搭配，搭配，否定時否定時hope與與guess 只用只用I hope not 和和I guess not 形式，而形式，而think ,believe , suppose 等詞可有兩種否定形式等詞可有兩種否定形式 ，即：，即：I not. 或或I dont so.6. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. ( 1994上海上海 ) A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 在書面語中在書面語中, 當條件從句有當條件從句有were, had, should 時省略時省略if , 把它們提至把它們提至句首句首, 形成倒裝句式。在含有建議、形成倒裝句式。在含有建議、要求、命令等相關(guān)的名詞性從句用要求、命令等相關(guān)的名詞性從句用should + V ，should 可以省略?？梢允÷?。7. - Lets go and have a good drink tonight. - _ Have you got the first prize in the competition? (2004重慶重慶) A. What for ? B. Thanks a lot . C. Yes, Id like to D. Why not ?省略在會話中廣泛應(yīng)用，解題時應(yīng)按照省略在會話中廣泛應(yīng)用，解題時應(yīng)按照問話或答語的具體內(nèi)容補充完整問話或答語的具體內(nèi)容補充完整, 做好做好該類題型一是要注意上下文語境，二是該類題型一是要注意上下文語境，二是要注意常見句式的省略。要注意常見句式的省略。 英語中常見句式的省略有：英語中常見句式的省略有：1. It is (that) 強調(diào)句式中強調(diào)句式中that 部部分省略。分省略。 2. (It is) No wonder ( 難怪難怪)3. (Is there) Anything else ?4. (Youd) Better do5. have some difficulty (in) doing, prevent sb. (from) doing sth. 等詞組中等詞組中 8.- Where did you see him last night? - It was in the hotel _ he stayed.A. where B. thatC. which D. /補全強調(diào)句式補全強調(diào)句式that 部分：部分： It was in the hotel （where he stayed） that I saw him last night. hotel 后為定語從句。后為定語從句。1. - Was Martin sorry for what hed done? - _. It was just like him! (2007安徽安徽) A. Never mind B. All right C. Not really D. Not surprisingly 2. - We have booked a room for today and tomorrow. -_, sir. (2007全國全國) A. Im sure B. My pleasure C. Its all right D. Ill check 3. We all know that, _, the situation will get worse. (2007全國全國) A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with 4. -Dad! Toms broken a glass! (2007四川四川) - _. Accidents will happen. A. No way B. Doesnt matter C. No trouble at all D. Dont mention it 5. If Joes wife wont go to the party, _. (2007全國全國) A. he will either B. neither will he C. he neither will D. either he will 6. -Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday? -Yes. _, Im going to visit some homes for the old in the city. (2008安徽安徽) A. If ever B. If busy C. If anything D. If possible 1.She likes singing and she likes dancing.2.Is this the driver that you talked about yesterday?3.The man who is sitting by the window is Mr. Smith.4.He could not decide whether to buy the car or not to buy the car.5.When it is heated, the metal expands.Change the sentences into elliptical sentences.Practice6.You can do it if you want to do it.7.My father planned all these houses and my father built all these houses.8.He is the last person that I want to see.9.He worked hard but his brother did not work hard.10. While he was reading the newspaper, grandpa nodded from time to time.11. He went to the doctor because he had to go to the doctor.12. The reference books which were ordered last month havent arrived yet.13. We tested the depth of the water and the temperature of the water.14. Although he is very busy, he will do it for us.15. You may leave if you wish to leave.