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1、蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES1VIRAL ZOONOSES蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES2transmission arthropod vectors (blood sucking) animal vectors inhalation infected secretions contact with infected secretions direct contact with infected animals animal bites蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES3 ARBOVIRUSES RODENT BORNE VIRUSES

2、 VECTOR UNKNOWN蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES4VIGILANCE蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES5蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES6 ARBOVIRUSES ENCEPHALITIS FEBRILE DISEASES HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES7ARBOVIRUSESFAMILYENVELOPEyesyesnoSYMMETRYicosahedralhelicalicosahedralGENOMEssRNA (+ve)ssRNA (-ve)segmenteddsRN

3、A, segmented蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES8蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES9ARTHROPOD Habitat Diurnal activity Preferred host Annual activity Overwintering ability Transovarial transmissionVERTEBRATE Migratory activity Persistence of viremia Clinical consequences Reservoir ? Dead end host?蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONO

4、SES10ST LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES11PREVENTION SURVEILLANCE VECTOR CONTROL REPELLENTS CLOTHING TIMING OF ACTIVITY (OR CANCELLATION) VACCINE蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES12PREVENTION SURVEILLANCE VECTOR CONTROL REPELLENTS CLOTHING TIMING OF ACTIVITY (OR CANCELLATION) VACCINE蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VI

5、RALZOONOSES13SYLVATIC (JUNGLE) CYCLEarthropodarthropodvertebratemanvertebrate蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES14URBAN CYCLEarthropodarthropodmanman蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES15 ARBOVIRUSES ENCEPHALITIS FEBRILE DISEASES HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES16ARBOVIRAL DISEASE MANY DIFFERENT ARBOVIRUSES C

6、AUSE DISEASE OFTEN SUB-CLINICAL INITIAL VIRAL REPLICATION ENDOTHELIAL CELLS MACROPHAGES/MONOCYTE LINEAGE INTERFERON (RNA VIRUSES) VIREMIA蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES17RECOVERY INTERFERON CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY ANTIBODY MAY PLAY A ROLE DURING VIREMIC PHASE蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES18DIAGNOSISNew Yorker M

7、ay 2000蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES19DIAGNOSIS SPECIALIZED LABS蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES20RESISTANCE IgG蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES21ARBOVIRUSES ENCEPHALITIS DISTRIBUTION East US, CanadaWest US, Canada, Mexico, BrazilCentral and S America, Texas, FloridaNorth AmericaEast US, parts Europe, parts AfricaNor

8、th America FAMILYTOGAVIRIDAEEastern equine encephalitisWestern equine encephalitisVenezuelan equine encephalitisFLAVIVIRIDAESt Louis encephalitisWest Nile virus encephalitisBUNYAVIRIDAECalifornia serogroup (La Crosse etc)蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES22ARBOVIRUS ENCEPHALITIS SPORADIC LOW % INFECTIONS - C

9、LINICAL CASES NOT ALL CASES - MAJOR DISEASE CASE FATALITY RATIO (CFR) LOW PROBABLY UNDERDIAGNOSED蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES23EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPALITIS Reservoir: birds Vector: mosquito Sentinels horse,quail, turkey Children at higher risk CFR 35% 5 cases/year av.CDCtogavirus蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES

10、24WESTERN EQUINE ENCEPALITIS Reservoir: birds Vector: mosquito Sentinels horse,quail, turkey Children at higher risk CFR 3-5% No human cases recentlytogavirus蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES25VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPALITIS Reservoir: horse Vector: mosquito Mild disease in mantogavirus蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOS

11、ES26ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS Commonest mosquito borne disease in US Reservoir: birds can have urban cycle Vector: mosquito 50yr old 80 cases, 8 deaths CFR 10%flavivirus蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES28States in Enhanced WNV Surveillance and Control ProjectAlabamaConnecticutDelawareFloridaGeorgiaLouisianaMis

12、sissippiMarylandMassachusettsNorth CarolinaNew JerseyNew YorkNew York CityPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaTexasVirginiaWashington DCSpecial Congressional appropriation of$2.9 million, Fiscal Year 2000蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES29CALIFORNIA SEROGROUP ENCEPHALITIS(includes La Crosse virus) Recentl

13、y commoner in eastern US Reservoir: small mammals Vector: mosquitos Children at higher risk Low CFR 70 cases/year av.bunyavirus蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES30La Crosse life cycle蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES31ARBOVIRUSES FEVER AND HEMORRHAGIC FEVERFAMILYFLAVIVIRIDAEDengueYellow feverREOVIRIDAEColorado tick

14、feverDISTRIBUTION World wide, especially tropicsAfrica, S. and C. AmericaNorth America MAIN DISEASES fever, hemorrhagic feverhemorrhagic fever fever蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES32COLORADO TICK FEVER Vector: tick Mild disease in man Fever, rash, arthralgia RMSF important consideration in differential dia

15、gnosis Probably common, rarely reportedReovirus family蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES33DENGUE FEVER jungle cycle (monkeys-mosquitos) urban cycle (man-mosquitos) rapidly increasing disease in tropics every year see in US due to import occasional indigenous transmission 50-100 million cases per year worldwi

16、deflavivirus蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES34World Distribution of Dengue1999flavivirus蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES35DENGUE FEVER fever headache retro-orbital pain myalgia, arthralgia bone-ache breakbone fever sometimes rash may look like flu, measles, rubellaflavivirus蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES36DENGUE HEMOR

17、RHAGIC FEVER hemorrhages plasma leakage hemoconcentration hypotension circulatory failure shockflavivirus蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES37DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER children more severe disease do not give aspirin CFR depends on rapid response can be as low as 1%flavivirus蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES38DENGUE H

18、EMORRHAGIC FEVER immunopathological 4 serotypes maternal antibody flavivirus蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES39Reported Cases of DHF inthe Americas, 1970 - 19980100002000030000400005000060000Reported Cases1970s1980s1990s* Provisional data through 1998蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES40CDCYELLOW FEVER jungle and urb

19、an cycles hemorrhages degeneration liver, kidney, heart CFR 50% vaccineflavivirus蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES41 RODENT BORNE VIRUSES HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME PULMONARY SYNDROME蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES42CDC rodent urine contaminated materials (aerosols) respiratory tract

20、ROUTE OF INFECTION蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES43RODENT BORNE FAMILYENVELOPEyesyesSYMMETRYhelicalhelicalGENOMEssRNA ambi-sensesegmentedssRNA (-ve)segmentedHantavirus genus蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES44ARENAVIRUS-ASSOCIATED HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS Lassa fever, Bolivian, Argentine hemorrhagic fever Recent cases i

21、n California of deaths thought to be associated with an arenavirus (Whitewater Arroyo Virus) dehydration, hemoconcentration, hemorrhage, shock CFR 5-35%CDC蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES45CDC蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES46HANTAVIRUS-ASSOCIATED HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS Korean hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (C

22、FR 7%) other HFRS viral diseases around the worldCDCHantavirus genus蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES47HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROMECFR 40-50%Hantavirus genus蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES48蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES49Radiographic Progression of HPS in the LungSource: Dr. L. Ketai via CDC蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES

23、50Hantavirus genus蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES51 VECTOR UNKNOWN HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS DUE TO EBOLA, MARBURG VIRUSES蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES52VECTOR UNKNOWN FAMILYENVELOPEyes SYMMETRYhelical GENOME ssRNA (-ve) 蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES53Ebola and Marburg virusesRussell Regnery CDCFA Murphy UC Davis.vetnet

24、.ucdavis.edu/fam_graphics/download.html蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES54EBOLA AND MARBURG VIRUSES hemorrhagic fevers case fatality rate can be as high as 60-70% for certain strains occur in Africa, natural reservoir and vector unknown high viremia - stringent barrier nursing蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES55蟲(chóng)媒病毒

25、和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES56June 2000蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES57June 2000蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES58蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES59蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES60 September 20, 1999蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES61July 25th, 2000蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES62Aedes aegypti Breeding Sites蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES63蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES64蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES65American countries with laboratory-confirmed hemorrhagic fever (red shaded areas).蟲(chóng)媒病毒和其他的動(dòng)物病毒VIRALZOONOSES66DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER