第二部分第二部分 專(zhuān)題語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題語(yǔ)法 高效突破高效突破專(zhuān)項(xiàng)專(zhuān)項(xiàng) 1212 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句高頻考點(diǎn)高頻考點(diǎn)精講精講考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 陳述句陳述句 定義：用來(lái)陳述一件事實(shí)或表達(dá)說(shuō)話(huà)者看法的句子叫作陳述句，陳述句分為肯定句和否定句。1.肯定句肯定句肯定句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)其他”。如：She went to the Great Wall yesterday.她昨天去了長(zhǎng)城。2.否定句否定句肯定句變否定句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)如下：(1)be動(dòng)詞的否定式。在be動(dòng)詞后面加否定詞not。如：We arent classmates.我們不是同班同學(xué)。(2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式。在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面直接加否定詞not。如：I cant speak English well.我英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得不好。(3)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的否定式。借助助動(dòng)詞do / does / did構(gòu)成。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子的否定結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語(yǔ)doesnt / dont動(dòng)詞原形其他”。如：He doesnt do exercise every day.他不是每天都做鍛煉。【注意注意】(1)完全否定，常用not，no，no one，nobody，nothing，neither，none，never等詞表示完全否定。如：I will not eat supper tomorrow.我明天不吃晚飯了。Nobody knew him.(過(guò)去)沒(méi)人知道他。(2)部分否定，常用兩種形式表示：用hardly，seldom，few，little等詞表示。 如：He seldom writes home.他很少給家里寫(xiě)信。not和both，all，each，every，quite，always等連用表示部分否定。如：She does not always watch TV in the evening.她不總是在晚上看電視。考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2 疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句1.一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句定義：以系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞開(kāi)頭，可以用Yes / No來(lái)回答的疑問(wèn)句叫一般疑問(wèn)句。(1)基本結(jié)構(gòu)如下：Be+主語(yǔ)+其他？情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？(2)回答：對(duì)一般疑問(wèn)句作肯定回答時(shí)，通常是“Yes，主語(yǔ)be / 助動(dòng)詞 / 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”；作否定回答時(shí)，通常是“No，主語(yǔ)be / 助動(dòng)詞 / 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞not”，not一般與前面的詞語(yǔ)構(gòu)成縮略形式。如：Are you a doctor？你是醫(yī)生嗎？Yes，I am.是的，我是。No，Im not.不，我不是。Do you like playing football？你喜歡踢足球嗎？Yes，I do.是的，我喜歡。/No，I dont.不，我不喜歡?！咀⒁庾⒁狻?一般疑問(wèn)句通常是怎么問(wèn)，怎么答，即用什么詞提問(wèn)，就用什么詞回答，但有下列情況時(shí)除外： 用其他詞語(yǔ)代替yes或no來(lái)回答，從而使語(yǔ)氣變得客氣、委婉。如：Can you come and go to the park with me？你能與我一起去公園嗎？Im afraid not.I have a lot of homework to do.恐怕不行，我有很多作業(yè)要做。 否定的一般疑問(wèn)句通常是以be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞與not的縮略形式開(kāi)頭，往往表示驚訝、贊嘆、懷疑等語(yǔ)氣。如：Dont you know that？(表示驚訝)你不知道那件事嗎？Yes，I do.不，我知道。/No，I dont.是的，我不知道。 對(duì)否定的一般疑問(wèn)句作簡(jiǎn)略回答時(shí)也用yes或no，但其漢語(yǔ)翻譯與其原意正好相反。2.特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句定義：用特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句叫特殊疑問(wèn)句。特殊疑問(wèn)詞包括疑問(wèn)代詞、疑問(wèn)副詞和由疑問(wèn)詞構(gòu)成的疑問(wèn)短語(yǔ)。特殊疑問(wèn)句不能用Yes / No回答。(1)常用疑問(wèn)代詞：what“什么”；who“誰(shuí)”；whom“誰(shuí)”(who的賓格)；which“哪個(gè)”；whose“誰(shuí)的”(提問(wèn)物品的主人)。疑問(wèn)代詞可以提問(wèn)主語(yǔ)、 賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。(2)常用疑問(wèn)副詞：when“何時(shí)”；where“何地”；how“怎么”；why“為什么”。 疑問(wèn)副詞提問(wèn)狀語(yǔ)。(3)常用疑問(wèn)短語(yǔ)：what time“什么時(shí)刻”；how many / much“多3 3. .選擇疑問(wèn)句選擇疑問(wèn)句概念概念形式形式對(duì)問(wèn)題給出兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上答案，供對(duì)方選擇其一的疑問(wèn)句 一般疑問(wèn)句or選擇項(xiàng)？ 特殊疑問(wèn)句選擇項(xiàng)or選擇項(xiàng)？ 選擇疑問(wèn)句不用yes或no回答，可用完整的陳述句或其簡(jiǎn)略形式作答，也可用不定代詞all，either，neither或none作答，只要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況回答便可。如：Do you like apples or pears？你喜歡蘋(píng)果還是梨？Apples.蘋(píng)果。Which do you want to drink，tea or coffee？你想喝什么，茶還是咖啡？I prefer coffee.我更喜歡喝咖啡。4 4. .反意疑問(wèn)句反意疑問(wèn)句 定義：附加在陳述句后，對(duì)陳述內(nèi)容進(jìn)行反問(wèn)的句子叫反意疑問(wèn)句(又稱(chēng)附加問(wèn)句)，一般由兩部分組成：陳述句簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句？ 結(jié)構(gòu)原則：“三同一反”原則。所謂“三同一反”原則，即：人稱(chēng)相同、動(dòng)詞相同、時(shí)態(tài)相同；前肯后否或前否后肯。如下表：形式形式例句例句肯定陳述句附加否定疑問(wèn)句Lucy often goes to school on foot，doesnt she？露西經(jīng)常步行去上學(xué)，不是嗎？否定陳述句附加肯定疑問(wèn)句You havent finished your work，have you？你還沒(méi)有完成工作，是嗎？形式形式例句例句Lets祈使句，shall we？Lets have a rest，shall we？咱們休息一下，好嗎？Let us祈使句，will you？Let us go to the mall，will you？我們?nèi)ド虉?chǎng)，可以嗎？肯定祈使句，will / wont you？Be sure to write to us，will you？你一定要給我們寫(xiě)信，好嗎？Come to have dinner with us this evening，wont you？今晚來(lái)和我們一起吃飯，好嗎？否定祈使句，will you？Dont smoke in the meeting room，will you？不要在會(huì)議室抽煙，好嗎？ (1)反意疑問(wèn)句中常出現(xiàn)的特殊形式： 若陳述句中含有否定副詞never(從不，決不)，hardly(幾乎不)或其他表示否定的代詞或副詞，如：nothing，none，no one，nobody，neither，few，little，seldom等時(shí)，則附加問(wèn)句只能用肯定形式。 陳述句是I think / I suppose / I believe / I consider等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，問(wèn)句一般與從句保持一致。注意否定前移。 陳述句主語(yǔ)是something / anything / everything / nothing等不定代詞時(shí)，反問(wèn)句中代詞用it；陳述句主語(yǔ)是somebody / someone / anybody / anyone / everybody / everyone等時(shí)，反問(wèn)句中代詞用they，she或he，注意問(wèn)句中動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與they / she / he保持一致。 (2)對(duì)反義疑問(wèn)句的回答： 不管陳述部分是肯定句還是否定句，若事實(shí)是肯定的，答語(yǔ)就要用yes；事實(shí)是否定的，答語(yǔ)就要用no。注意在“前否后肯”的反意疑問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ)中，yes意為“不”，no意為“是的”。如：He didnt go to the meeting，did he？他沒(méi)有參加這次會(huì)議，是嗎？Yes，he did.不，他參加了。十年真題十年真題全練全練 近十年青島中考主要考查了句子的基本類(lèi)型的用法。復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)要熟記四種基本類(lèi)型，感嘆句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句和陳述句的構(gòu)成?？v觀(guān)歷年的中考發(fā)現(xiàn)，句式不會(huì)作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的考查點(diǎn)，而是作為承載知識(shí)點(diǎn)的基本載體，所以在每一個(gè)題型中都是必考的，也需要我們重點(diǎn)掌握。 考題重點(diǎn)考查疑問(wèn)句，偶爾出現(xiàn)感嘆句和祈使句。但在綜合填空和閱讀表達(dá)也常出現(xiàn)。考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2 疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句1.2017青島，10題_C_ do you go to a movie? Twice a week. A.How long B.How soon C.How often D.How far2.2016青島，3題 A do you usually share happiness with? My parents and my best friend. A.Who B.Whose C.What D.How3.2015青島，12題How many times _D_Carl _ to the Great Wall? Only once. A.does；go B.did；go C.has；gone D.has；been4.2014青島，5題_A_ is it from your home to school? Its three miles. A.How far B.How long C.How big D.How high5.2013青島，8題Do you know C the girl in blue is? Im not sure.Maybe a teacher. A.whose B.how C.what D.which6.2012青島，21題_B_ do the children take art lessons a week? Three or four times. A.How long B.How many times C.How soon D.How often7.2011青島，16題Could you please pass me the book? _C_. A.Yes，I could B.No，I couldnt C.Sure.Here you are D.No，thats no problem8.2011青島，22題Hello！Im very glad to see you.When _A_ you_ here? A.did；arrive B.will；arrive C.have；arrived D.are；arriving9.2009青島，17題Mike，would you mind not wearing those old jeans? They look terrible. _A_. A.OK，Ill put on another pair B.OK，Ill take it C.Sorry，I wont be long D.Yes，please考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 3 感嘆句感嘆句10.2013青島，2題_B_ it is today! Yes.Shall we go hiking? A.How fine weather B.What fine weather C.What a fine weather D.How fine the weather 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 4 祈使句祈使句 11.2014青島，6題 B away from the lake，boys.It is deep. A.Stays B.Stay C.Staying D.To stay猜押預(yù)測(cè)猜押預(yù)測(cè)1.Is the mobile phone new or old? _.I bought it only two days ago. A.Its old B.Its new C.Yes，it is D.No，it isnt2.Millie，_ do you take the course in DIY? Every Saturday afternoon. A.how long B.how far C.how much D.how often3._ is it from your home to your school? It is about 10 minutes ride. A.How long B.How soon C.How far D.How often4.He doesnt speak English or Japanese，_？ _.He speaks Chinese. A.does he；Yes，he doesnt B.doesnt he；No，he does C.does he；No，he doesnt D.does he；Yes，he doesBDCC5.Summy ate nothing for breakfast this morning，_？ No，because she had a stomachache. A.isnt she B.was she C.didnt she D.did she6.What does your new classmate look like? _. A.He is from Australia B.He is tall and of medium build C.He is very nice to others D.He has a pair of blue shoes7.You didnt find the owner of the books，did you? _.So I gave them to our teacher. A.No，I did B.Yes，I didnt C.No，I didnt D.Yes，I did8._ interesting TV program Running Man is！I watch it every week. A.How B.What C.What a D.What anDBCD9.Tu Youyou has won the Nobel Prize. _ great she is！We Chinese are so proud of her. A.What a B.What C.How a D.How10.Tommy，_ play basketball in the street next time.You may get hit by a car. A.do B.dont C.must D.mustnt11._dressed now！We have to go in ten minutes. OK，Mom. A.Getting B.Get C.To get D.GetsDBB