第二部分第二部分 專項語法專項語法 高效突破高效突破專項專項1111 動詞的語態(tài)動詞的語態(tài)高頻考點高頻考點精講精講考點考點1 1 動詞的被動語態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)1.1.被動語態(tài)的構成被動語態(tài)的構成時態(tài)被動語態(tài)的構成例句一般現在時is / am / are動詞的過去分詞The classroom is cleaned every day.教室每天被打掃。一般過去時was / were動詞的過去分詞She was hurt yesterday.他昨天受傷了。一般將來時will / shallbe動詞過去分詞A new church will be built in this town next year.明年這個小鎮(zhèn)將會新建一座教堂。含有情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞be動詞的過去分詞The work must be finished on time.這項工作必須被按時完成。2.2.被動語態(tài)的用法被動語態(tài)的用法(1)不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。如：The watch is made in China.這塊手表是在中國制造的。(2)沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。如：More trees must be planted every year。每年必須種更多的樹。(3)需要強調或突出動作的承受者。如：Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越來越多的人說漢語。(4)說話或發(fā)表意見時，為了顯得客觀公正，常用被動語態(tài)。常用句型： It is said that.據說如：It is said that well have a new manager.據說我們要有新經理了。 It is reported that.據報道如：It is reported that a traffic accident took place early this morning.據報道今天清晨有車禍發(fā)生。 It is (well) known that.眾所周知如：It is believed that printing was first invented by the Chinese.一般相信印刷術最早是由中國人發(fā)明的?？键c考點2 2 常見主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的特殊結構常見主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的特殊結構1.1.含有雙賓語的句子多把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語不變。含有雙賓語的句子多把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語不變。 如：如：Jack told us the truth.We were told the truth by Jack.杰克告訴了我們真相。2 2主動語態(tài)中有些感官動詞主動語態(tài)中有些感官動詞(如：hear，see，watch，notice等)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，要把不定式符號to還原。即：hear(see)sb.do sth.sb.be heard(seen)to do sth.。如：We heard the girl play the piano in the music classroom.The girl was heard to play the piano in the music classroom.我們聽見那女孩在音樂教室里彈鋼琴。3 3主動語態(tài)中有些使役動詞主動語態(tài)中有些使役動詞(如：make，let，have 等)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時要把不定式符號to還原。即：make sb.do sth.sb.be made to do sth.。如：The teacher makes his students do much homework every day.His students are made to do much homework by the teacher every day.老師讓他的學生每天做很多家庭作業(yè)?？键c考點3 3 主動形式表示被動意義的情況主動形式表示被動意義的情況1.1.動詞動詞openopen，readread，sellsell，writewrite等作不及物動詞，且他們的等作不及物動詞，且他們的主語為物時。主語為物時。如：The pen writes well.這支鋼筆很好用。2 2某些系動詞某些系動詞(smell(smell，looklook，tastetaste，feelfeel，sound)sound)描述某物描述某物特性時。特性時。如：This kind of flowers smell sweet.這種花聞起來很香。3 3在在needneed，requirerequire，wantwant，worthworth等后跟動名詞，主動形式等后跟動名詞，主動形式表示被動意義。表示被動意義。如：His bike need mending.他的自行車需要修一下。This movie is worth watching.這部電影值得一看。Your car needs washing.Your car needs to be washed.你的汽車該洗了。4 4特殊結構特殊結構“make oneself heard / understood”make oneself heard / understood”和和“have have / get sth.done”/ get sth.done”中。中。如： I had my hair cut yesterday.我昨天理發(fā)了。十年真題十年真題全練全練 近十年來，安徽中考對被動語態(tài)的考查一般是1小題，主要考查形式以單項填空為主，近四年書面表達每年都出現被動語態(tài)。2017年前9年純考語態(tài)，2017年時態(tài)和語態(tài)在一起考查。對被動語態(tài)的考查主要有五種：一般現在時的被動語態(tài)、一般過去時的被動語態(tài)、一般將來時的被動語態(tài)、現在完成時的被動語態(tài)和含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。預測在2018年安徽英語中考中，單項填空仍然會有1道題考查被動語態(tài)，書面表達也有可能出現。1.2008安徽，49題When you leave the room，make sure the door_B B_Awas locked Bis lockedCwill be locked Dshould be locked22017安徽，42題Mr.Green A A to sing an English song at the party and he sang well.Awas invited BinvitedCis invited Dinvites32016安徽，34題When the baby dog _B B_，it was very hungry.So we gave it some food.Ais found Bwas foundChas been found Dwill be found42012安徽，49題The task _B B_ in an hour.Then we can go home and have a good rest.Awas finished Bwill be finishedChas been finished Dcant be finished52011安徽，43題Dont worry.Your package C C ere until you come back，so enjoy shopping here.Awill keep Bhas keptCwill be kept Dhas been kept62010安徽，44題Are you going to the party?No，because I D D Ahave asked Bhavent askedChave been asked Dhavent been asked72013安徽，46題Thanks to the Internet，different kinds of information A A in a short time.Acan be learned Bhas been learnedCcan learn Dhas learned82009安徽，46題Its difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.I think a bridge D D over the river.Awas built Bis being builtChas been built Dshould be built猜押預測猜押預測1Every year，more than 70，000，000 sharks _ for their fins.Awere killed Bhave killedCare killed Dwill killed2More money _ when we use both sides of paper.Ais saved Bwas savedChas been saved Dwill be saved3Lily，will you go to Jennys birthday party this Saturday?Im not sure.Because I _ so far.Aarent invited Bwasnt invitedChavent been invited Dwill be invited4With the development of China，Chinese _ by a large number of people in the world now.Awas spoken Bis spokenChave been spoken Dwill be spokenC CD DC C B B5In order to make our city more beautiful，I think more trees and flowers _ every year.Aare planted Bwere plantedCshould be planted Dhave been planted6Chinas 23rd Beidou Satellite _ into space on June 12，2016.As Chinese，we are proud of it.Ahas been sent Bis sentCwill be send Dwas sentC CD D