專題二十五圖表類專題二十五圖表類-2-考情概覽圖表類寫作是將統(tǒng)計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)或被說(shuō)明的內(nèi)容直接用圖表形式展示出來(lái)。它要求考生對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)、文字內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分析,系統(tǒng)準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)其含義和內(nèi)容,并得出令人信服的結(jié)論。圖表類寫作除了以表格形式出現(xiàn)外,還常以曲線圖、流程圖、柱形圖、數(shù)據(jù)表格及平面圖解形式出現(xiàn)。這類寫作形式需要考生通過(guò)觀察和分析圖表,提煉要點(diǎn),然后圍繞圖表所要求闡述的中心話題組織語(yǔ)言。圖表類作文所涉及的題材通常是與考生、家庭及社會(huì)相關(guān)的熱點(diǎn)話題,為考生所熟悉的場(chǎng)景。體裁以說(shuō)明文和議論文為主。考生需要看懂圖表,并將有關(guān)圖表信息轉(zhuǎn)換為文字形式,這就要求考生具有一定的數(shù)據(jù)分析能力和材料歸納能力。-3-一、圖表類寫作的技巧要求考生根據(jù)題干中提供的圖表、數(shù)據(jù)及標(biāo)題進(jìn)行分析研究,提煉和確定文章的中心與主題,弄清各信息點(diǎn)之間的關(guān)系,抓住圖表中所反映出的共同規(guī)律和不同之處,然后逐條進(jìn)行分析、概括和歸納。1.審讀圖表寫作前應(yīng)對(duì)圖表進(jìn)行認(rèn)真審讀,對(duì)于表格類寫作,應(yīng)能讀懂表格,明確提示要點(diǎn)及其包含的細(xì)節(jié);而對(duì)于以圖表形式出現(xiàn)的寫作則應(yīng)分析其提供的數(shù)據(jù)和其中的文字內(nèi)容,弄清各數(shù)據(jù)之間的關(guān)系,明確寫作的中心和主題。-4-2.謀篇布局圖表類作文?？墒褂萌问綄懽髂Ｊ?。第一段:敘述所給圖表的具體內(nèi)容;第二段:分析圖表所述內(nèi)容產(chǎn)生的原因;第三段:得出結(jié)論,說(shuō)明存在的問(wèn)題或給出解決辦法,也可能會(huì)寫未來(lái)的發(fā)展方向。3.遣詞造句圖表類作文也可使用一些常用的句式。例如:The chart/table/graph above shows the differences between.and.From the chart/table/graph we can see clearly that.The chart gives us an overall picture of the.The first thing we notice is that.We believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon.-5-二、幾種常見的圖表類寫作形式(一)數(shù)字圖表類1.基本結(jié)構(gòu)圖表類作文常采用以下三個(gè)步驟:(1)開門見山,點(diǎn)明主題。點(diǎn)明圖表所反映的主題或問(wèn)卷調(diào)查的結(jié)果;或點(diǎn)明你要展開闡述的話題。(2)呈現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù),分析原因。呈現(xiàn)調(diào)查所得數(shù)據(jù)、結(jié)果,闡明必要的理由或原因;或分析數(shù)據(jù)間的主要差異及趨勢(shì)。要特別注意層次。(3)歸納總結(jié)或發(fā)表評(píng)論。此外,寫作時(shí)還要注意:(1)圖表和數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)容不必全部描述;善于抓住總的規(guī)律、趨勢(shì),歸納增減率;表示過(guò)去特定的時(shí)間用過(guò)去時(shí),經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的情況或自己的評(píng)述用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);(2)切忌寫成“填表題”、“一對(duì)一直譯”、“句式單一”或遺漏要點(diǎn)。-6-2.語(yǔ)句模板(1)段首常用語(yǔ)The graph/chart/table above shows.From the above graph/chart,it can be seen that.As is shown in the graph,.It has been shown from the table that.(2)段中常用語(yǔ)There was a great/slight increase/rise in.The rate dropped slightly from 38% in.to 31% in.Statistics show a 20% rise/reduction in traffic accidents compared with last year.The population owning mobile phones increased by 10% in 2015.-7-(3)段尾常用語(yǔ)In a word/In short,.Generally speaking,.In summary,it is important.From what has been discussed above,we can draw the conclusion that.I suggest the government take effective measures to.Personally,I think.,for.-8-3.寫作模板As is shown/illustrated by the figures/percentages in the table/picture/pie chart, has been on the rise/decrease,significantly/dramatically from in to in .From the sharp rise/decline in the chart,it goes without saying that .There are at least two good reasons accounting for .On the one hand,.On the other hand, is due to the fact that .In addition, is responsible for .Maybe there are some other reasons to show .But it is generally believed that the reasons mentioned above are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned,I hold the point of view that .I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.-9-4.滿分范文最近,有關(guān)研究機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)北京霧霾的主要起因進(jìn)行了研究,結(jié)果如下圖所示。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下表的內(nèi)容,為校報(bào)的英語(yǔ)專欄寫一篇稿件,介紹這項(xiàng)調(diào)查的內(nèi)容,并針對(duì)如何抗擊霧霾發(fā)表你的看法。注意:詞數(shù)100左右。 -10-范文:This pie chart shows what is to blame for fog and haze that has frequently hit Beijing since last year.As we can see,burning coal produces 40% of the pollutants and emissions and vehicles make up 25%.Besides,dust from construction and others accounts for 22%.And 13% of the pollutants result from cooking.The chart sends us a message:Air pollution is closely related to our daily life.When we consume fossil fuels such as coal and petrol,a large number of emissions are given off,which pollute the air.In recent years,as the number of private cars has been keeping increasing,air pollution is getting worse.It is clear that we should change our way of life to reduce the emissions of fossil fuels.-11-(二)文字圖表類1.基本結(jié)構(gòu)近幾年來(lái)高考文字圖表類寫作題以文字的形式給出提示,以說(shuō)明文和議論文為主要體裁,并往往融合在應(yīng)用文體中進(jìn)行考查,一般分為場(chǎng)所路線介紹、事物介紹、方式方法或計(jì)劃安排介紹三大類。它是用簡(jiǎn)潔明快的語(yǔ)言來(lái)解說(shuō)事物、闡明事理的一種文體。主要特點(diǎn)是結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,文章多采用“主題主體結(jié)束語(yǔ)”的三段式寫作手法。寫作時(shí)應(yīng)遵循以下幾個(gè)步驟:(1)仔細(xì)審題,明確說(shuō)明對(duì)象,抓住要說(shuō)明或闡明的事物或事理的主要特征。(2)選擇合理的說(shuō)明或論證順序(時(shí)間順序、空間順序或邏輯順序)分層次進(jìn)行說(shuō)明,注意條理清晰。(3)選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)姆椒?比如定義法、舉例法、比較法和細(xì)節(jié)描述法等,注意不要遺漏主要內(nèi)容。-12-(4)根據(jù)內(nèi)容確定過(guò)渡詞和恰當(dāng)?shù)木湫徒Y(jié)構(gòu)。文字應(yīng)客觀、簡(jiǎn)潔、明了,不要追求華麗,也不要加入太多個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)?；緯r(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),為強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀性,語(yǔ)言表述多用客觀性動(dòng)詞,如seem,there be,maybe等;多用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),多用書面語(yǔ)、長(zhǎng)句、復(fù)合句。-13-2.語(yǔ)句模板(1)表示方位、路線的常用語(yǔ):.is located at the foot of/by the side of.,to the east of.and to the north of.In front of it is.,with.on its left and.on its right.Turning to the left,you will see.,behind which is.Walking past.,the building that appears in front of you is.Along the road are lines of trees,from which students can find shade from the hot sun.On your left lies a(n).,with all kinds of.in it.Next to the door against the wall there is a(n).,in which we sit to watch TV every evening.-14-(2)闡明事物的特點(diǎn)或優(yōu)勢(shì)的常用語(yǔ):.is a new kind of.produced by.,which is.Made of.,it is light,small,and easy to carry.containing many top and new techniques.is famous for its excellent quality and reasonable price.China is a large country with a long history and large population.It is rich in natural resources such as coal and gold and has mild weather.Built in the 16th century,the castle has witnessed too much coming and going in history.-15-(3)說(shuō)明做某事的具體方法的常用語(yǔ):Nowadays it is common to use.,but not knowing how to use.As is known to all,it is important to.With the development of.,there is an increasing need for people to know how to.There are several steps to follow./Here are some tips.The first thing to do is.Although.is important,all the efforts you have made will be in vain without.To ensure success,there is one more thing that you must bear in mind,that is.With the help of the above methods,you will achieve your goal soon.-16-3.寫作模板 is a most effective to .(點(diǎn)明所要介紹事物的必要性)For most people,its almost impossible to .(介紹某事物對(duì)多數(shù)人的重要意義)It is really .(該事物的優(yōu)勢(shì)或顯著特點(diǎn))With the functions of ,it enables us to .(該事物的作用)It can even .(進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明該事物的作用)Just imagine,all this can be done with .(說(shuō)明該事物的重要性)A convenient tool can certainly ,but it doesnt always help .(承上啟下,介紹事物的另一方面)So .(結(jié)束語(yǔ))-17-4.滿分范文假如你是李華,你的英國(guó)朋友John近期將來(lái)中國(guó)參加一個(gè)短期語(yǔ)言培訓(xùn)。食宿被安排在你市遠(yuǎn)大路的塔樓酒店。他來(lái)信詢問(wèn)酒店的相關(guān)信息,請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下圖示和信息給他寫一封回信。要點(diǎn)如下:住宿費(fèi)用:每人每天200元餐廳供餐時(shí)間:7:30 a.m.9:00 a.m.;5:30 p.m.8:00 p.m.注意:1.詞數(shù)100左右;2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù);3.語(yǔ)言通順,行文連貫,可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮。-18-Dear John,Im very glad to hear that you will come to my city for short-term language training._Looking forward to seeing you very soon.Yours,Li Hua-19-范文:Dear John,Im very glad to hear that you will come to my city for short-term language training.In your letter,you asked me something about Tower Hotel.Now Id like to tell you some detailed information about it.Tower Hotel is located on Yuanda Road.Go through the gate of the entrance,and you will see the high buildingTower Hotel,in front of which lies a beautiful garden.Behind the building is a swimming pool,where you can go swimming for relaxing.Near the swimming pool stands a dining hall,and there meals are served from 7:30 a.m.to 9:00 a.m.and from 5:30 p.m.to 8:00 p.m.-20-Last but not least,as to accommodation fees,everyone should pay 200 yuan per day.If you need further information,please enquire at the reception desk on the ground floor when youve arrived here.Looking forward to seeing you very soon.Yours,Li Hua-21-A AB B(2017江蘇卷)請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面有關(guān)我國(guó)電影票房收入(box-office income)的柱狀圖及相關(guān)文字,并按照要求用英語(yǔ)寫一篇150詞左右的文章。-22-A AB BSaturday Afternoon.In a Shopping Center.Li Jiang:Hi,Su Hua.Which movie shall we see?Su Hua:Whatever.Weve got so many choice,Kung Fu Yoga,Journey to the West.Each sounds great!Li Jiang:Yeah!And some movie stars are fantastic.Su Hua:And the high-tech!.Li Jiang:Perfect!Lets get some food first.We only have 20 minutes left.Su Hua:No hurry.The cinema is on the same floor.One Day in 2016.At Home.Son:Mum,shall we go and see a film tonight?-23-A AB BMother:Why bother?We can stay at home and watch films online.Its convenient with our new and faster network.Son:But it feels good in a cinema.Mother:And the price.We have to pay 50 yuan a ticket.Son:Only 10 yuan more than last year.Mother:But still we cannot get the moneys worth.Some films are just boring.-24-A AB B【寫作內(nèi)容】1.用約30個(gè)單詞概述柱狀圖信息的主要內(nèi)容;2.我國(guó)電影票房收入變化的原因有哪些,簡(jiǎn)要談?wù)勀愕目捶?上述對(duì)話僅供參考,原因不少于兩點(diǎn));3.談?wù)勀銓?duì)我國(guó)電影票房收入走向的看法,并簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明理由?！緦懽饕蟆?.寫作過(guò)程中不能直接引用原文語(yǔ)句;2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱;3.不必寫標(biāo)題?！驹u(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)】?jī)?nèi)容完整,語(yǔ)言規(guī)范,語(yǔ)篇連貫,詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。-25-A AB B范文范文:The box-office income of Chinese movies witnessed a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to over 40 billion in 2015.However,that increase slowed down in 2016.The reasons behind this are various.The fast economic development before 2016 was probably the most powerful engine driving the constant growth in the box-office income.The application of new technologies and the wide appeal of movie stars could also account for the increase.However,China saw a decline in its economic growth rate last year.And the Internet increased options for movie lovers.Consequently,some viewers began to turn away from cinemas,leading to a slower growth.-26-A AB BChinas economy is expected to grow at a medium speed in the coming years,so an increase is possible in the investment of the movie industry and the number of quality movies.Therefore,its box-office income will probably enjoy a slight increase.-27-A AB B某英文報(bào)社從中學(xué)生中征集作品,題目為“How often do you get together and have dinner with friends or family in restaurants?”。假設(shè)你叫李華,請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下圖表內(nèi)容,按要求寫一篇短文。注意:1.詞數(shù)不少于100,開頭語(yǔ)已為你寫好;2.適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。-28-A AB BAs is shown in the chat, _-29-A AB B范文范文:As is shown in the chart,most of us get together and have dinner once a month,accounting for 37 percent,following which are those who do that at least once a week,with a percentage of 25 percent and those twice a month,making up 22 percent,while only 4 percent of us never have dinner with friends and 12 percent do that once a year.It can be concluded from the first top three percentages that the majority of us like to get together and have dinners.In my personal view,it is of great significance for us to have dinner with our friends,because our friendship will be strengthened and we can also get ourselves relaxed from the pressure of our work.