Unit 1 Great scientistsTeaching aims1. To help students learn to describe people2. To help students learn to read a narration about John Snow3. To help students better understand “Great scientists”4. To help students learn to use some important words and expressions5. To help students identify examples of “The Past Participle (1) as the Predicative & the attribute”P(pán)eriod 1 Warming up and readingTeaching ProceduresI. Warming up Step I Lead inTalk about scientist.T: Hi, morning, class. Nice to see you on this special day, the day when you become a senior two grader. I am happy to be with you helping you with your English. Today we are to read about a certain scientist. But first lets define the word “scientist”. What is a scientist?A scientist is a person who works in science, trying to understand how the universe or other things work.Scientists can work in different areas of science. Here are some examples: Those that study physics are physicists. Those that study chemistry are chemists. Those that study biology are biologists.Step IIAsk the students to try the quiz and find out who knows the most.T: There are some great scientific achievements that have changed the world. Can you name some of them? What kind of role do they play in the field of science? Do these achievements have anything in common? Match the inventions with their inventors below before you answer all these questions. 1. Archimedes, Ancient Greek (287-212 BC), a mathematician.2. Charles Darwin, Britain (1808-1882). The name of the book is Origin of Species.3. Thomas Newcomen, British (1663-1729), an inventor of steam engine.4. Gregor Mendel, Czech, a botanist and geneticist.5. Marie Curie, Polish and French, a chemist and physicist.6. Thomas Edison, American, an inventor.7. Leonardo da Vinci, Italian, an artist.8. Sir Humphry Davy, British, an inventor and chemist.9. Zhang Heng, ancient China, an inventor.10. Stepper Hawking, British, a physicist.II. Pre-readingStep IGet the students to discuss the questions on page 1 with their partners. Then ask the students to report their work. Encourage the students to express their different opinions. 1. What do you know about infectious diseases?Infectious diseases can be spread to other people. They have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them. People may be exposed to infectious disease, so may animals, such as bird flu，AIDS, SARS are infectious diseases. Infectious diseases are difficult to cure. 2. What do you know about cholera?Cholera is the illness caused by a bacterium called Vibrio cholerae. It infects peoples intestines(腸), causing diarrhea and leg cramps (抽筋).The most common cause of cholera is by someone eating food or drinking water that has been contaminated(污染) with the bacteria. Cholera can be mild(不嚴(yán)重的) or even without immediate symptoms(癥狀), but a severe case can lead to death without immediately treatment.3. Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research?Anybody might come out with a new idea. But how do we prove it in scientific research? There are seven stages in examining a new idea in scientific research. And they can be put in the following order. What order would you put the seven in? Just guess.Find a problem Make up a question Think of a method Collect results Analyse the results Draw a conclusion Repeat if necessaryIII. ReadingStep I Pre-reading1. Do you know John Snow?John Snow is a well-known doctor in the 19th century in London and he defeated “King Cholera”.2. Do you know what kind of disease is cholera?It is a kind of terrible disease caused by drinking dirty water and it caused a lot of deaths in the old times and it was very difficult to defeat.Lets get to know how Dr. John Snow defeated “King Cholera” in 1854 in London in this reading passage: Step II Skimming找教案 Read the passage and answer the questions.1. Who defeats “King Cholera“? (John Snow)2. What happened in 1854? (Cholera outbreak hit London.)3. How many people died in 10 days? (500)4. Why is there no death at No. 20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No. 8 and 9 Cambridge Street? (These families had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.)(Optional)Skim the passage and find the information to complete the form below.WhoWhenWhatHowResultJohn Snow1854helping ordinary people exposed to choleraExamining the source of all water supplies and finding new methods of dealing with polluted waster“King Cholera” defeatedStep III ScanningRead the passage and number these events in the order that they happened. 2 John Snow began to test two theories. 1 An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854. 4 John Snow marked the deaths on a map. 7 He announced that the water carried the disease. 3 John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe. 8 King Cholera was defeated. 5 He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump. 6 He had the handle removed from the water pump.Step IV Main idea and correct stage找教案 Read the passage and put the correct stages into the reading about research into a disease.John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”P(pán)aragraphStagesGeneral ideas1Find a problem:What cause the cholera?The causes of cholera2Make up a question:Which is right?The correct or possible theory3Think of a method:Test two theoryCollect data on where people were ill and died and where they got their water4Collect results:Mark the deathPlot information on a map to find out where people died or did not die5Analyze the results:Find the resource of the waterLook into the water to see if that is the cause of the illness6Find supporting evidenceFind other evidences to confirm his conclusion7Draw a conclusionThe polluted dirty source of drinking water was to blame for the cause of the London cholera Step V Group discussionAnswer the questions (Finish exercise 2 on Page 3)1. John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it? (John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.)2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map? (No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.)3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today? (Two diseases, which are similar today, are SARS and AIDS because they are both serious, have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them.)Step VI Using the stages for scientific research and write a summary.Period 2&3 Language focusStep I Warming up1. characteristic n. a quality or feature of sth. or someone that is typical of them and easy to recongnize.特征；特性What characteristics distinguish the Americans from the Canadians.a. very typical of a particular thing or of someones characer 典型性的，Such bluntness is characteristic of him.Windy days are characteristic of March. 辨析characteristic與character找教案 characteristic是可數(shù)名詞，意為“與眾不同的特征“character表示（個(gè)人、集體、民族特有的）“性格、品質(zhì)”，還意為“人物；文字”What you know about him isnt his real character.2. put forward: to state an idea or opinion, or to suggest a plan or person, for other people to consider提出 He put forward a new theory.The foreigners have put forward a proposal for a joint venture.An interesting suggestion for measuring the atmosphere around Mars has been put forward. put on穿上;戴上;增加put out熄滅(燈);撲滅 (火)put up with忍受 put down寫(xiě)下來(lái);放下； put off 耽誤; 延期put up建立; 建造, put up舉起，搭建，粘貼3. analyze: to examine or think about something carefully in order to understand itvt.分析結(jié)果、檢討、細(xì)察A computer analyses the photographs sent by the satellite.The earthquake expert tried to analyze the cause of the earthquake occurred on May 12,2008.Lets analyze the problem and see what went wrong.He analyzed the food and found that it contained poison.We must try to analyze the causes of the strike. analysisn.分析，解析，分解4. conclude: decide that sth. is true after considering al the information you have得出結(jié)論；推論出to end sth. such as a meeting or speech by doing or saying one final thingvt. & vi結(jié)束，終止； We concluded the meeting at 8 oclock with a prayer.From his appearance we may safely conclude that he is a heavy smoker.What do you conclude from these facts?We conclude to go out / that we would go out.conclusionn.結(jié)論arrive at a conclusion; come to a conclusion; draw a conclusion; reach a conclusionWhat conclusion did you come to / reach / draw / arrive at?From these facts we can draw some conclusions about how the pyramids were built.Step 2 Reading1. defeat vt. to win a victory over someone in a war, competition, game etc.打敗，戰(zhàn)勝，使受挫Ive tried to solve the problem, but it defeats me!Our team defeated theirs in the game. n.失敗，輸failure to win or succeedThis means admitting defeat.They have got six victories and two defeats.辨析win, beat與defeat win “贏得”賽事、戰(zhàn)事、某物；后接人時(shí)，意為“爭(zhēng)取贏得的好感或支持；說(shuō)服” beat “戰(zhàn)勝”“擊敗”比賽中的對(duì)手，可與defeat互換We beat / defeated their team by 10 scores.They won the battle but lost many men.The local ball team won the state championship by beating / defeating all the other teams.I can easily beat /defeat him at golf.He is training hard to win the race and realize his dream of becoming a champion at the 2008 Olympic Games.2. expert n. someone who has a special skill or special knowledge of a subject專(zhuān)家，能手an expert in psychologyan agricultural expert a.having special skill or special knowledge of a subject熟練的，有專(zhuān)門(mén)技術(shù)的an expert rideran expert job需專(zhuān)門(mén)知識(shí)的工作He is expert in / at cooking. 找教案 3. attend vt. &vi 參加，注意，照料 be present at參加attend a ceremony / lecture / a movie / school / class / a meeting I shall be attending the meeting.Please let me know if you are unable to attend the conference. attend to (on): to look after, care for, serve伺候, 照顧，看護(hù)The queen had a good doctor attending on her.Dr Smith attended her in hospital. 治療Are you being attended to?接待Mother had to attend to her sick son. attend to處理，注意傾聽(tīng)attend to the matterA nurse attends to his needs.Can you attend to the matter immediately?I may be late I have got one or two things to attend to.Excuse me, but I have an urgent matter to attend to.辨析attend, join, join in與take part in attend指參加會(huì)議、上課、上學(xué)、聽(tīng)報(bào)告等 join 指加入某組織、團(tuán)體，成為其中一員 join in指加入某種活動(dòng)；表示與某人一起做某事join sb. in sth. take part in指參加正式的、有組織的活動(dòng)，切在活動(dòng)中起積極作用Only 2 people attended the meeting.He joined the Communist Youth League in 2007.Will you join us in the game?We often tale part in the after-class activities.4. expose : to show sth. that is usually covered暴露 expose sth. to the light of day 把某事暴露于光天化日之下 I threatened to expose him ( to the police). 我威脅要(向警察)揭發(fā)他. He exposed his skin to the sun.他把皮膚暴露在陽(yáng)光下. The old man was left exposed to wind and rain.When he smiled he exposed a set of perfect white teeth.5. curevt. & n. to make someone who is ill well agian治療,痊愈When I left the hospital I was completely cured.cure sb of a diseaseWhen you have a pain in your shoulders, you will go to see a doctor. The doctor will cure you. The only way to cure backache is to rest.He will cure the pain in your shouldersWhen I left the hospital I was completely cured.The illness cannot be cured easily.Although the boy was beyond cure, his parents tried to cure him of bad habits.a cure for a diseaseAspirin is said to be a wonderful cure for the pain.There is still no cure for the common cold.Is there a certain cure for cancer yet?a cure for sth.: to remove a problem, or improve a bad situation解決問(wèn)題，改善困境The prices are going up every day, but there is no cure for rising prices.辨析cure與treat cure主要指痊愈，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是結(jié)果 treat強(qiáng)調(diào)治療過(guò)程，指通過(guò)藥物、特別的食品或運(yùn)動(dòng)治療病人或疾病，不強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。They cured me of my influenza.They treated me with a new drug.6. controlvt.& n. vt.： to have power over, rule, direct 控制，支配，管理He cannot control his feelings / anger. 找教案 You are trying to control me as though I were your slave.The government tries its best to control prices. be under the control of; be in control of; take/gain control of ; get / be out of control; lose control of; beyond control George took /gained control of the business after his father died.The car went out of control and crashed into the pole.the head in control of the country The driver lost control of his car and it knocked into a tree.Mr. Brown is in control of the shop. / The shop is in the control of Mr. Brown.This money is under control of Mr Brown.Whos in control of the project?The fire has been brought under control.7. suggest v. 建議；暗示；表明 suggest+doing / sth. / that-clauseMay suggested a picnic at the weekend. What did you suggest to the headmaster? I suggested leaving early for the airport. She suggested that her father (should) give up smoking. 他建議我們參觀長(zhǎng)城。He suggested to us a visit to the Great Wall.He suggested us visiting the Great Wall.He suggested that we (should) visit the Great Wall. suggest (暗示，表明)+從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。The smile on her face suggested that she agreed with me. The look on his face suggested that he was happy.His pale face suggested that he was seriously ill.His work suggests that he is a careful man.8. absorb to take sth. in especially gradually吸收Plants absorb carbon dioxide.In cold climates, houses need to have walls that will absorb heat.Paper that absorbs ink is called blotting paper（吸墨紙）.The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization. to understand facts or ideas completely and remember themIts hard to absorb so much information. be absorbed in = concentrate on專(zhuān)心于He is absorbed in the research of Chinese history recently.The writer was so absorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar. I was so absorbed in a book that I didnt hear you call. absorb ones attentionChinese history absorbs his attention recently.9. suspect: to think that something is probably true or likely, especially something bad vt. 懷疑，猜疑n. 嫌疑犯，有嫌疑的人adj.可疑的，靠不住的suspect sb. of doing sth. 懷疑某人做She suspected him of taking her money. 以為，猜想We suspected that he had finished doing his homework.10. severea. so serious, so bad嚴(yán)厲的，苛刻的，嚴(yán)格的Come on! Dont be so severe with the children.His report contains severe criticism of the companys actions.His severe looks frightened me. 找教案 very harmful or painful, serious or uncomfortable（疼痛）劇烈，的嚴(yán)重的，I was caught in a severe storm last night and couldnt go back home in time.He has such a severe illness that he has been in hospital. I suffered a severe attack of toothache.He had a severe pain in the leg.11. foresee: to know that sth. is going to happen before it actually happensvt. 預(yù)見(jiàn)，預(yù)料The method was used in ways that couldnt have been foreseen by its inventors.Few analysts foresaw that oil rice would rise so steeply.No one could have foreseen things would turn at this way.Its impossible to foresee how life will work out.12. blame v. 責(zé)備；譴責(zé)；把歸咎于 n. 過(guò)失；責(zé)備 blame sb. / sth. for sth.: to say or think that sb. or sth. is responsible for sth. bad 因而指責(zé)Its not fair to blame me. Its not my fault.They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan.Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English. blame sth. on sb. / sth. 把歸咎于: be responsible for sth. badThe police blamed the traffic accident on jacks careless driving. (be) to blame應(yīng)受責(zé)備（主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)）；承擔(dān)責(zé)任The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.Which driver was to blame for the accident?Either he or I am to blame.Mr. Green stood up in defense of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one to blame.Who is to blame for the fire? take the blame承擔(dān)責(zé)任to say that sth. is your faultHe is ready to take the blame for what had happened. put the blame on怪在身上Its no use blaming our defeat on him. 13. look into調(diào)查，了解，研究，瀏覽，向里看Well look into the case as soon as possible.But now the authority is looking into the cost of modifying all of its windows.The building around the corner caught fire last night. The police are now looking into the matter.look around; look after, look down upon; look for; look forward to; look like; look over瀏覽，過(guò)目一遍; look out; look through瀏覽，檢查; look on; look up to; 14. handlevt. to deal with處理，買(mǎi)賣(mài)，操作n. 把手，把柄The children are so naughty that I can't handle them. 處理This shop handles paper and stationery. 買(mǎi)賣(mài)We dont handle that sort of book. 買(mǎi)賣(mài)How shall we handle the problem. 處理Can you handle the situation at present? 處理It has a free handle.活把手He learnt how to handle the axe. 操作15. link v.連接，聯(lián)系找教案 The two towns are linked by a railway.The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.Television stations around the world are linked by satellites.The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.n.Researchers have detected a link between smoking and heart disease.Is there a link between smoking and lung disease?A lot of links fitted together form a chain.link up (with)連接，結(jié)合;linkwith /to把與相連接16. announce to make known publicly; to give information using a loudspeaker, esp. at an airport or railway station; to introduce a program on TV or radioThe news was announced by Radio Beijing.Everyone was silent as he announced the winner of the competition.The captain announced that the plane was going to land.The government announced that they would build a new highway to the mountain.The army announced a cease-fire. The announcer announces three programs a week. It has been announced that Mr. A and Miss B will be married next week. announcementtrain approach announcementHe waited for the announcement of the result of the competition. make an announcement17. instruct: to teach; to order- Who instructs your class in history? - Mr Black. He is our instructor.She instructed me in the use of this telephone.I've been instructed to wait here until the lecturer arrives.The doctor instructed me to stay in bed.The old workers instruct us not only in words but deeds. instruction: detailed directions on procedure; an order; teachingThe boss gave me so many instructions at one time that I got muddled up.We forgot to read the instructions. (an instruction book)Under Berrys instruction, I slowly mastered the art of glass blowing.He gave us the instructions to finish the work as soon as possible.Always read the instructions on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.Period 4 Learning about language (Grammar)Teaching aimsTo help students learn to use useful words and expressionsTo help students learn to use The Past Participle (1) as the Predicative & attributeTeaching ProceduresI. Making a listMake is a word which is so active that it forms numerous phrases. Now make a list of phrases like “make a list, make mistakes”.Collocations of makemake a guess, make a haircut, make haste, make holiday, make inquires, make a joke, make a journey, make a landing, make a leap, make a