年 級(jí)初一學(xué) 科英語(yǔ)版 本牛津深圳版課程標(biāo)題上冊(cè)Unit 3 The Earth.（一）一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)1. 學(xué)習(xí)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的知識(shí)。forests（森林）rivers（河流）mountains（大山）為可數(shù)名詞。milk（牛奶） water(水) ink（墨水）為不可數(shù)名詞。2. 學(xué)習(xí)There be 句型。There is a pen on the desk. 桌子上有一只鋼筆。3. 區(qū)別there be 句型與have/has 的用法。4. 區(qū)別else 與other的用法。5. 區(qū)別huge ,big與large的用法。二、重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)：1. 單詞：Earth, provide, large, pollution, else2. 短語(yǔ)：call sb. /sth., a lot of, stop doing .3. 句型:1) Today, there is a lot of pollution.2) We should drink water every day. Here is a glass for you. 3) It is important for us to protect the Earth for our future.難點(diǎn)：不可數(shù)名詞的用法。知識(shí)梳理：一、單詞領(lǐng)讀Earth n. 地球report n. 報(bào)告quiz n. 知識(shí)競(jìng)賽part n . 部分 pattern n. 模式field n. 田地protect v. 保護(hù)land n. 陸地provide v. 提供pollute v. 污染pollution n. 污染 large adj. 大的important adj. 重要的else adv. 其它，另外二、重點(diǎn)單詞【單詞學(xué)習(xí)】1. Earth n. 地球【例句】The Earth is smaller than the Sun ,but bigger than the Moon .地球比太陽(yáng)小，但比月球大?！就卣埂縪n Earth 意為“在地球上”，earth 的首字母大寫，表明它是專有名詞。on Earth = in the world。on earth （earth的首字母沒(méi)大寫，為普通名詞）意為“到底，究竟?！背Ｓ糜诰淠┳鞲郊映煞?。【考題鏈接】Are you from China or Japan _?A. as well B. until C. on earth D. either答案：C思路分析：A項(xiàng)“也”，B項(xiàng)“直到才”，D項(xiàng)否定、疑問(wèn)句中的“也”，只有C項(xiàng)“究竟”合題意。2. provide v. 提供【用法】及物動(dòng)詞，后接名詞，代詞作賓語(yǔ)。也可接雙賓語(yǔ)，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：provide sb. with sth =provide sth. for sb.為某人提供某物。二者可互換?！纠洹縊ur school provides us with three meals every day. = Our school provides three meals for us every day .我們學(xué)校每天為我們提供三餐。【考點(diǎn)】provide 與 offer 的區(qū)別：provide 是 offer 的同義詞。均意為“提供”。offer后面也可接雙賓語(yǔ)，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：offer sb. sth= offer sth. to sb.?！纠洹縏he man can offer me a job. = The man can offer a job to me .那個(gè)人能給我提供工作?！究碱}鏈接】Are you going to Tibet for vacation?Yes. I want you to_ me with some information about it.A. offer B. give C. show D. provide答案：D思路分析： 由空后的間接賓語(yǔ)“me”和介詞短語(yǔ)with some information about it可判斷應(yīng)該用provide sb. with sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)。3. large adj. 大的【例句】A large family needs a huge house. 大家庭需要大房子。【考點(diǎn)】huge , big與 large 的區(qū)別：huge意為“極大的，巨大的”，指體積大。常用于具體的事物，如空間，聲音，距離等。Canada is a huge country. 加拿大是一個(gè)幅員廣闊的國(guó)家。big意為“大的”，常用于指具體的事物的體積，面積，范圍，程度等。The pair of shoes is too big for me.這雙鞋我穿太大了。large意為“大的”，指大規(guī)模的，多的，廣博，夸大的。也可用來(lái)指衣服的尺碼。They say China is a large and beautiful country.他們說(shuō)中國(guó)是一個(gè)面積大且美麗的國(guó)家?！就卣埂窟€可作副詞，修飾動(dòng)詞。【考題鏈接】He tends to talk _.A. big B. large C. great D. huge答案：B思路分析: talk 為動(dòng)詞，A，C，D均意為“大的”，是形容詞，只有B項(xiàng)可作副詞，修飾動(dòng)詞talk。4. pollution n. 污染【用法】如： air pollution 空氣污染【例句】We have freed the lake from pollution.我們已經(jīng)清除了該湖的污染。【考題鏈接】Rubbish _ our river and lakes.A. pollute B. pollution C. pollutes D. polluting答案：C思路分析：rubbish為不可數(shù)名詞，其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單三形式。5. else adv. 其它，另外【用法】else 作副詞時(shí)，常放在疑問(wèn)代詞，不定代詞之后作后置定語(yǔ)。其所有格形式為elses。【例句】What else did you do? 你還做了什么？【考點(diǎn)】else與other 的區(qū)別：other 作形容詞時(shí)，用于修飾名詞，但必須前置。other沒(méi)有所有格形式?！纠洹縄 want some other books. 我還要另外一些書?！咀⒁狻縜nything else = any other thing；everybody else = every other person ; nobody else = no other person。【考題鏈接】Put it down, Tom. You mustnt read _ letters.A. anyone elses B. anyone other C. other anyone D. else anyones答案：A思路分析: else與other都可以表示“別的，其它的”，但else常用在它所修飾的詞的后面，other常用在它所修飾的詞之前，疑問(wèn)代詞，不定代詞后只能用else?！炯磳W(xué)即練】I. 選出不同類別的單詞：（ ）1. A. Earth B. Sun C. Moon D. land（ ）2. A. color B. white C. brown D. green（ ）3. A. forest B. ocean C. sea D. river（ ）4. A. big B. large C. huge D. size（ ）5. A. hot B. weather C. cold D. warmII. 翻譯短語(yǔ)：1. 保護(hù)地球_ 2. 許多不同的植物_3. 在陸地上_ 4. 在空中_5. 在地下_ 6. 像你和我一樣的人_7. 把倒入_ 8. 污染地球_III. 單選：（ ）1. The students must stop _ in class when the teacher is speaking.A. to talk B. talked C. talk D. talking（ ）2. I think we should keep _ in the reading-room. You are right.A. quiet B. quietly C. quite D. quickly（ ）3. _ of the land is covered _ water.A. Two-third , by B. Two-three ,by C. Two-thirds ,with D. Two-third , with（ ）4. .Everyone knows China is getting _.A. strong and strong B. stronger and stronger C. more strong and strong D. strongest and strongest答案：I. 15 D A A D BII. 1. protect the Earth 2. many different plants 3. on the land 4. in the sky 5. under the ground 6. people like you and me 7. put.into. 8. pollute the EarthIII. 14 D A C B三、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)【短語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)】1. call sb. sth. 把某人稱作【例句】The parents call the baby Tom. 父母給嬰兒取名為湯姆。【用法1】call 作動(dòng)詞，“叫，呼喚”?！纠洹緾all a doctor at once. 快點(diǎn)叫個(gè)醫(yī)生來(lái)?！居梅?】call作動(dòng)詞，“認(rèn)為，稱為”?！纠洹縒e called this a success. 我們認(rèn)為這是一件成功的事。【用法3】call 作動(dòng)詞，“給打電話”?！纠洹縄 call him this morning. 今天早晨我給他打了個(gè)電話?！居梅?】call 作動(dòng)詞“邀請(qǐng)”?！纠洹縒ill you call the family to dinner? 你會(huì)邀請(qǐng)那一家人來(lái)吃飯嗎？【用法5】call作名詞，“電話，通知”?！纠洹縄ve just had a call from Tom.我剛剛接到湯姆打來(lái)的電話?！咀⒁狻亢琧all 的常用短語(yǔ)有：call on sb. 拜訪某人；call out大聲喊叫；call up 給打電話；call back回電話?！究碱}鏈接】Mother asked Mary to answer the _ for her.A. call B. letter C. question.答案：A思路分析：句意：“媽媽讓瑪麗替她接電話”。B、C不符合題意。2. a lot of 許多，大量【用法】a lot of =lots of，既可修飾可數(shù)名詞,也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。【例句】A lot of countries take part in London Olympics.許多國(guó)家參加倫敦奧運(yùn)會(huì)。The rich man has a lot of money, but he isnt happy every day.那位富人很有錢，但并不天天快樂(lè)?！究碱}鏈接】The East Lake has become very dirty. _ fish have died.A. Lot B. Many C. Lot of D. Much答案：B思路分析：a lot of 所修飾的fish表復(fù)數(shù)，指魚的種類，此時(shí)a lot of相當(dāng)于many。3. stop doing 停止做【用法】stop doing sth. 停止正在做的某事【例句】Stop singing！The teacher is coming .停止唱歌，老師來(lái)啦?！就卣埂縮top to do sth. 意為“停下來(lái)（正在干的事）去做（另外的）某事?！纠洹縎top to listen to me, please. 同學(xué)們，停下來(lái)聽(tīng)我的?！究碱}鏈接】Class is beginning .Please stop _.A. talking B. to talk C. talk 答案：A思路分析：句意“上課了，請(qǐng)停止說(shuō)話”。停止正在做的事，所以用doing 形式?！炯磳W(xué)即練】一、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示寫單詞。1. I can see many _ (星星) in the sky at night.2. The _ (月球) is smaller than the Sun.3. We must do something to protect the _ (地球).4. Lets learn how to use this sentence _ (模式).二、用括號(hào)里所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. The weather is _ in some places. (difference)2. We must stop the _ of our beaches. (pollute)3. Please put the _ paper into the box over there. (use)4. When the class begins, we should stop_ and listen to the teacher carefully. (talk)三、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。1. The Sears is the tallest building on Earth.The Sears is the tallest building _ _ _.2. There is a lot of pollution.There is _ pollution.3. What else would you like?What _ _ would you like?4. Sea animals share the oceans with us as well.Sea animals share the oceans with us, _.【答案】一、1. stars 2. moon 3. earth 4. pattern 二、1. different 2.pollution 3. used 4. talking三、1. in the world 2. much 3. other things 4.too四、重點(diǎn)句型【句型學(xué)習(xí)】1. Today, there is a lot of pollution. 如今有許多污染。【句析】在there be 句型中, be 后的名詞是句子的主語(yǔ)，因而be的數(shù)應(yīng)該與該名詞的數(shù)保持一致。當(dāng)后面的名詞不止一個(gè)時(shí)，be的數(shù)應(yīng)該按“就近”原則來(lái)確定?！纠洹縏here is some milk in the glass. 杯里有一些牛奶。There are four chairs, a able and a small bed in the room.房間里有四把椅子，一張桌子和一張小床?！究键c(diǎn)】there be 與 have (has) 比較：there be 表示“某處存在某人或某物”。have/has 表示“某人擁有某物”。 【例句】I have a pet dog. 我有只寵物狗。There are five pens in the pencil-box. 鉛筆盒中有五支鋼筆?！咀⒁狻慨?dāng)have/has 表示“包括有”或“存在”時(shí)，可與there be互換。【考題鏈接】There is some soup on the table, isnt _?No, I think thats water.A. there B. it C. that D. one答案：A思路分析：there be結(jié)構(gòu)的反意疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)用 be there結(jié)構(gòu)。2. We should drink water every day. Here is a glass for you. 我們應(yīng)該每天喝水。給你個(gè)水杯?！揪湮觥勘揪渲谐霈F(xiàn)了不可數(shù)名詞water“水”和可數(shù)名詞glass“水杯”。可數(shù)名詞：該名詞所表示的人或事物可以用數(shù)來(lái)計(jì)量。常見(jiàn)的有： apple, banana, pear 等。不可數(shù)名詞：該名詞所表示的事物不能直接用數(shù)來(lái)計(jì)量。不可數(shù)名詞前一般不用定冠詞the 或不定冠詞 a/an 。常見(jiàn)的有：rain雨,tea茶 ,milk 牛奶,water 水等。【例句】There is some tea in the glass. 杯子里有一些茶?！咀⒁狻?. 不可數(shù)名詞前不能直接加數(shù)詞或a(n)。如：a meat (錯(cuò))， two tea (錯(cuò))。2. 不可數(shù)名詞無(wú)單復(fù)數(shù)變化，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。3. 不可數(shù)名詞可以用much, a little, a bit, some, any, a lot of 等來(lái)修飾。4. 表示具體的數(shù)量時(shí)，常用下面的句式結(jié)構(gòu)：“基數(shù)詞+ 單位名詞+ of +名詞”。a piece of paper 一張紙 three glasses of milk 三杯牛奶【考題鏈接】Some food on the table _ bad.A. goes B. go C. to go D. going答案：A思路分析：food為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。3. It is important for us to protect the Earth for our future.為了我們的未來(lái)，保護(hù)地球?qū)τ谖覀儊?lái)說(shuō)是很重要的?！揪湮觥看司渲衖t 為形式主語(yǔ)，不定式 to protect the Earth for our future 為真正的主語(yǔ)。【例句】Its useful for you to learn how to use the computer. 學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)你很有用?！就卣埂縄t + be + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 表示“做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是的”。這一句型中形容詞與for后的人物有主表關(guān)系，形容詞僅僅是描述事物，不是對(duì)不定式行為者的品格進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。It + be + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 表示“某人做某事是的”。這一句型中形容詞與of后的人物沒(méi)有主表關(guān)系，形容詞描述不定式行為者的性格、品質(zhì)等?！纠洹縄t is kind of you to come to see me. 你來(lái)看望我真好。【考題鏈接】It is important _ us to learn English well.A. of B. with C. on D. for答案：D思路分析：句中人物“我們”與形容詞“重要的”有主表關(guān)系，故選D。【即學(xué)即練】根據(jù)括號(hào)中的漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子。 1. _ _(有) a book and two pens on the desk.2. _ _(有) some money in the picture.3. _ _(有) some cards in Jims bag.4. _ _(有) anything else in it?5. _ _ _ (沒(méi)有) birds in the tree .答案：1. There is 2. There is 3. There are 4. Is there 5.There are no/There arent any同步練習(xí)：（答題時(shí)間：40分鐘）. 詞組翻譯1. 兩箱蘋果_ 2. 九片面包_ 3. 七袋大米_ 4. 三張紙_ 5. 五塊肉_ 6. 十杯水_. 用there be或have/has填空1. This desk _ four legs.2. _ some books on the desk.3. Everyone _ a dictionary in my class.4. _ (沒(méi)有) knives in the room.5. I _ a new sweater.6. _ nothing in the bag. 漢譯英1. 這些地方的天氣是不同的。2. 所有的植物都需要光和水。3. 地球上有許多不同的動(dòng)物。4. 對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō)，學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)很重要。5. 我們必須停止污染水。. 綜合閱讀The Earth is a beautiful place.There are forests and rivers, mountains and fields. Some places are very hot, and some are very cold. The weather is A._ in these places. There are many different plants. Some are large .Some are small! B._ plants need light and water. There are different animals on Earth C. as well. Some live on the land .Some fly in the sky .Some live under the water.There are also D. a lot of people like you and me on Earth. E The Earth provides us with air, water and food. It is our home. Today, there is a lot of pollution. We burn things to make energy. F. This pollutes the air. We put our rubbish into the sea and under the ground .G This pollutes the Earth and kills animals and plants. We must stop H. 做這些事情. It is important to protect the Earth for our future.1. 在文中A和B的空白處分別填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~：_ ；_2. 寫出文中劃線部分C和D的同義詞或近義詞：_ ；_3. 將文中劃線部分E改寫為：The Earth _ air ,water and food _ us .4. 文中劃線部分F和G分別指代：_ ；_5. 將文中劃線部分H譯成英語(yǔ)：_6. 從文中找出能說(shuō)明本文主旨大意的中心句：_V. 用“There is.”和“There are .”的句型各造五個(gè)句子。_答案：I. 1. two boxes of apples 2. nine pieces of bread 3. seven bags of rice 4. three pieces of paper 5. five pieces of meat 6. ten glasses of waterII. 1. has 2. There are 3. has 4. There arent any/There are no 5. have 6. There isIII. 1. The weather is different in these places.2. All plants need light and water.3. There are many different animals on Earth.4. Its very important for us to learn maths well.5. We must stop polluting the water.IV. 1.different; All 2. too; many 3. provides, for 4. We burn things to make energy; We put our rubbish into the sea and under the ground.5. doing these things 6. It is important to protect the Earth for our future.V. 略16 / 16