專(zhuān)項(xiàng)學(xué)習(xí)導(dǎo)學(xué)案形容詞、副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)一、 定義大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞都有三個(gè)等級(jí)：原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。1. 比較級(jí)用于兩者(人或事物)之間的比較，說(shuō)明“前者比后者更”。2. 最高級(jí)表示三者或三者以上(人或事物)的比較，其中一個(gè)在某方面超過(guò)其他幾個(gè)，后面可用of或in短語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)明比較的范圍。形容詞的最高級(jí)前一般要加定冠詞the，副詞的最高級(jí)前的the可以省去。二、 構(gòu)成1. 形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)的規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成方法例詞一般在詞尾加-er/-estsmall_smart_以字母e結(jié)尾的詞，在詞尾加-r/-stnice_fine_以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，把“y”變?yōu)椤癷”，再加“-er/-est”early_happy_重讀閉音節(jié)詞且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母，再加-er/-estbig_thin_多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞在詞前加more/mostoutgoing_interesting_2. 形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)的不規(guī)則變化good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostbad/badlyworseworstlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest三、 用法1. 原級(jí)的用法：講述某人或某物自身情況時(shí)用原級(jí)。 基本句型：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+.Heisveryoldnow.他現(xiàn)在很老了。Theyranquitefast.它們跑得相當(dāng)快。Theweatherlooksratherbad.天氣看上去相當(dāng)糟。Iamsohappy.我是如此的快樂(lè)。 表示兩者之間沒(méi)有差別時(shí),使用句型：A+be動(dòng)詞+as+形容詞原級(jí)+as+B.或A+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+as+副詞原級(jí)+as+B.e.g.Heisasexcitedashisyoungersister.他和他妹妹一樣興奮。Lilyrodeherbikeasslowlyasanoldlady.莉莉騎車(chē)像老太太一樣慢。 表示一方在某一方面不及另一方時(shí)，使用句型：A+be動(dòng)詞+not+as /so+形容詞原級(jí)+as+B.或A+助動(dòng)詞do/does/did+not +實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形+as /so +副詞原級(jí)+as+B.e.g. Heisnotso/asexcitedashisyoungersister.他沒(méi)他妹妹那么興奮。Lilydidnotrideherbikeso/asslowlyasanoldlady.莉莉騎車(chē)不像老太太那樣慢。2. 比較級(jí)的用法：(1)主語(yǔ)be動(dòng)詞形容詞的比較級(jí)than比較對(duì)象，意為“比更”。e.g.Iammoreoutgoingthanmysister.主語(yǔ)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞副詞的比較級(jí)than比較對(duì)象，意為“比更”。e.g.Tomrunsfasterthanmybrother.(2)比較級(jí)and比較級(jí)或moreandmore原級(jí)(多音節(jié)或部分雙音節(jié)詞)，意為“越來(lái)越”【and前后比較級(jí)，表示“越來(lái)越.”之意】。e.g.Thedaysarebecominglongerandlongerinsummer.Thewindbecamemoreandmoreheavily.(3)the比較級(jí)，the比較級(jí)，意為“越，就越”【the加比較用兩個(gè)，表示“越，就越”】。e.g.Themoreexerciseyoutake,thehealthieryouwillbe.【諺語(yǔ)】Themore,thebetter.多多益善。Thesooner,thebetter.越早越好。(4)“Which/Whobe(is/was)比較級(jí)，AorB？”表示“A和B，哪一個(gè)更？”。e.g.Whoistaller,TimorTom?WhichT-shirtisnicer,thisoneorthatone?Whoismoreactive,MaryorKate?(5)【了解】the+比較級(jí)+ofthetwo之類(lèi)，意為“兩個(gè)中比較的”【ofthetwo之類(lèi)比較級(jí)前要加the】e.g.Thiswatchisthecheaperofthetwo.這支手表是兩個(gè)中比較便宜的?！咀⒁狻坑⒄Z(yǔ)中能修飾形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)的單詞或短語(yǔ)有：三多：much,far,alot；兩少：alittle,abit一甚至：even；一仍然：still3. 最高級(jí)的用法：(1)A + be + the+ 形容詞最高級(jí)(名詞)in/of短語(yǔ)，表示“A是中最的”。e.g. Tom is the tallest (student) in Class 1, Grade 8.A + 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+ (the) 副詞最高級(jí)in/of短語(yǔ)，表示“A是中最的”。e.g. Tomruns(the) fastest in his class.(2)A+ be+the序數(shù)詞形容詞最高級(jí)單數(shù)名詞”表示“第幾”。e.g. The Yangtze River is the third longest river around the world.(3)“one of the形容詞最高級(jí)復(fù)數(shù)名詞”表示 “最之一”。e.g. Lu Xun is one of the greatest writersin China.(4)“特殊疑問(wèn)詞be/實(shí)義動(dòng)詞the形容詞/副詞最高級(jí)，A, B or C？”表示“A，B，C哪一個(gè)最？”。(5) This is/ was the最高級(jí)+名詞+that定語(yǔ)從句(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)) “這是里面，最”e.g.This is the worst film that I have seen these years.【注意】當(dāng)最高級(jí)前有物主代詞或其他限定詞修飾時(shí)，其前不加定冠詞the. e.g. Who is the tallest, Jim, Mike or Tom? ex. Which language is _ , English, French or Chinese?A. difficult B. more difficult C. the most difficult D. mostdifficult【小試牛刀】I用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Jackis_(funny)thanBill.Herillnesswas_(serious)thanthedoctorfirstthought.Whichis_(good),thisoneorthatone?Tonyismuch_(clever)thanTom.Chinaisbecoming_(strong)and_(strong)The_(many)booksyouread,the_(much)youwillknow.單項(xiàng)選擇1.ThisisnotTina'sruler._islonger.A.She'sB.HersC.SheD.Her2.Mr.Smiththinksrunningis_thangymnastics.A.verypopularB.morepopularC.mostpopularD.themostpopular3.It'ssummernow.Itisgetting_A.higherandhigherB.lowerandlowerC.hotterandhotterD.colderandcolder4.CanyoutellmewhyyoulearnEnglishsowell?It'sverysimple._youwork,_gradesyouwillget.A.Theharder;thebestB.Thehard;thebetterC.Harder;betterD.Theharder;thebetter5.Iamgoodatmath,buthisEnglishis_thanmine.A.muchbetterB.morebetterC.verybetterD.prettybetter【綜合能力提升】用所給的形容詞副詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Tom is _ (tall) than Jim.2. Li Lei is _ (young) boy in his class.3. David has _ (many)story books of all the students.4. Li Lei speaks English _ (well) in his group.5. Lucy runs _ (slow) than Lily.改正下列句子中一處的錯(cuò)誤。A. Tom comes to school late than Jim._B.Which do you like better, cats,dogs,or chickens? _C. Who is oldest in our class? _D. He thinks math is importanter than Chinese._E. This work is very harder than that one._F. He lives farer than any other student in your class._單項(xiàng)選擇1. I think Yao Ming, the famous basketball player, will be _ new Star in NBA. A. hot B. hotter C. hottest D. the hottest 2. In our city its _ in July,but it is even _in August. A. hotter; hottest B. hot; hot C. hotter; hot D. hot; hotter3. Hainan is a very large island. It is the second _ island in China. A. large B. larger C. largest D. most largest4. An elephant is _ than a tiger. A. heavy B. very heavy C. the heaviest D. heavier5. My _ sister is two years _ than I. A. older; older B. elder; elder C. older; elder D. elder; older6.He feels _ today than yesterday.A. tired B. more tired C. more tireder D. much tired7.The line is _ than that one.A. more longer B.much more longer C. much longer D. many more longer.8.I think science is _ than Japanese.A. much important B. important C. much more important D. more much important9.The book is _ of the two.A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D .the thinnest10.She looks _ than she does.A. the more older B. very older C. much. older D. more older11.The garden is becoming _.A. more beautiful and moreB. more beautiful and beautifulC. more and more beautifulD. more beautiful and beautifuler12.I didnt know which was _, so I took them both. A. good B. better C. best D. the best13.What an _ story! Im _ in it.A. interested; interesting B. interesting; interested C. interested; interested D. interesting; interesting14.The jacket is _ nice, but its _ more expensive than that one. A. much; much B. very; veryC. much; very D. very; much15.New York is _ in the United States. A. larger than any city B. larger than any other city C. bigger than any cities D. biggest of all the cities16.Of the two pencil-boxes, the boy chose _ expensive one. A. less B. the least C. the less D. the most17.This kind of skirt looks _ and sells _. A. nice; well B. nice; good C. well; well D. good; nice18.How was the weather yesterday? -It was terrible. It rained _. People could _ go out. A. hardly; hardly B. hardly; hard C. hard; hard D. hard; hardly19.This chair is not _ for him to _. A. strong enough; sit B. enough strong; sit C. enough strong; sit in D. strong enough; sit on20.The little baby looks _. A. lovely B. carefully C. heavily D. Sadly21.The Yellow River is _ river in China. A. the two long B. the second longer C. the second longest D. two longest22.What a _ cough! You seem _ ill. A. terrible; terribly B. terribly; terrible C. terrible; terrible D. terribly; terribly23.The meat smell _.Youd better throw it away. A wonderful B wonderfully C badly D bad24.Dont worry. .She can look after your pet_. A careful enough B enough careful C carefully enough D enough carefully4 / 4