李仕才注意虛擬條件句與主句的謂語動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)或?qū)砜赡艿氖聦?shí)相反，從句用一般過去時(shí)(be用were)；與將來可能的事實(shí)相反時(shí)還可用were to/should動(dòng)詞原形，主句用would/should/could/might動(dòng)詞原形；與過去事實(shí)相反，從句用過去完成時(shí)，主句用would/should/could/might have過去分詞。讀語篇，悟語法。反復(fù)朗讀下列短文，領(lǐng)悟畫線及黑體部分。思考：什么情況下用虛擬語氣；雖同是虛擬語氣，但什么情況下用過去式表示，什么情況下用(should動(dòng)詞原形)表示。My deskmate, Mary, treats me as if she were1 my sister. She is nice but fat. If she were not so fat，she would look2 like a super model. Last year, a doctor advised that she (should) eat3 more vegetables and fruits. He also made a suggestion that she (should) work out4 regularly. Besides, he insisted that she (should) walk5 to school. If she had followed the doctors advice, she would not be so fat now6. In other words, if the doctor had persuaded her to do so, she would not have become7 overweight.This morning, Marys mother bought her a new dress. It was really nice. But after she tried it on, she couldnt help shouting, “If only I were8 a little thinner! How I wish I hadnt eaten9 so much junk food before！” Were I Mary, I would make10 a weight loss plan. If I became overweight in the future，I would do11 sports every day. Now it is high time she changed12 her lifestyle. Without a healthy lifestyle, she wouldnt be13 able to lose weight. I would rather she went14 swimming with me, but she insists that water sports are15 not suitable for her. So it is necessary that she (should) walk16 to school.1在as if/as though，even if/even though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句或表語從句中，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)；與過去事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。2表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，if從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，(be一般用were)，主句的謂語用would/should/could/might動(dòng)詞原形。35.在insist，suggest，advise，order，command，propose，demand，require，request等后面的賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用“should動(dòng)詞原形”，其中的should可以省略。在suggestion，advice，order，command，demand，requirement，request等名詞后面的表語從句或同位語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用“should動(dòng)詞原形”，其中的should可以省略。6錯(cuò)綜條件句：有時(shí)if從句中的動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)他們表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。本句的虛擬條件句與過去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。7表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，if從句的謂語形式用過去完成時(shí)，即“had過去分詞”，主句用“would/should/could/mighthave過去分詞”。89.在表示愿望的動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語從句和If only(但愿)引出的句子中，需用虛擬語氣。表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句或if only后的句子的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)；與過去事實(shí)相反，從句或if only后的句子的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。10如果if從句中含有were，had或should，可將if省略，然后將were，had或should提前至主語前，即從句可用半倒裝。11表示與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，if從句的謂語形式用一般過去時(shí)，或用“were to/should動(dòng)詞原形”，主句用“would/should/could/might動(dòng)詞原形”。12在It is (high) time that后的從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用“should(不能省略)動(dòng)詞原形”或一般過去時(shí)都可以。13含蓄條件從句：用連詞otherwise，or，but或用介詞but for，without等暗示前面的條件。與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)；與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。其中介詞but for，without表示的虛擬語氣，可和if引導(dǎo)的假設(shè)條件狀語從句替換。14would (had) rather，would sooner用來表達(dá)主觀愿望，它們之后的賓語從句中需用虛擬語氣。謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硐喾矗眠^去完成時(shí)表示與過去事實(shí)相反。15動(dòng)詞insist表“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說，堅(jiān)持某種說法”；suggest表“暗示，表明”時(shí)，后面從句不用虛擬語氣。16在it is necessary (important，natural，strange，surprising) that引導(dǎo)的主語從句中，主語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“(should)動(dòng)詞原形”。.單句填空(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)1If I _(be) you, I would do it in a different way.2If you had followed my advice just now, you _(be) fine now.3He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ (score) a goal.4If I _(have) a million dollars, I would first donate some of the money to poor children in remote mountainous areas.5The doctor ordered that she _(stay) in bed for a few days.werewould bewould have scoredhad(should) stay6It is very important that you _(master) the skills of computer.7English teachers give advice that we _(make) good use of every chance to speak English.8It is high time that we _(take) some measures to protect the wild animals.9How I wish every family _(have) a large house with a beautiful garden!10Janes pale face suggested that she _(be) ill, and her parents suggested that she _(have) a medical examination.(should) master(should) maketook/should takehadwas(should) have.單句改錯(cuò)(下列每句中有一處錯(cuò)誤，每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改，請(qǐng)指出并改正。)1How I wish there are 28 hours a day so that I had more time for fun._2Had he worked hard years ago, he would become very rich._3If I were a boy again, I will remember that a good skater never tries to skate in two directions at once._4But the fact that China is also affected by the global economic crisis, we would have fewer workers now._arewere在become前加havewillwould在But后加for5It might have been done better if you have been more careful._6I actually believe that we would be in Xian now if you hadnt caught drunk while driving last month._7It is high time that we establish an honest and fair system of education. _8Mr. Li, my English teacher, speaks English as if he is an Englishman._9Tibet is so mysteriously described by some people that I think if only I can go there._10Id rather he goes to the theatre tomorrow._第二個(gè)havehad在caught前加beenestablishestablished或在establish前加shouldiswerecancouldgoeswent.語篇填空(閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。)Tom and Peter are twins. They look as if they 1._ (be) the same person. Both the two boys are smart, but Tom is hardworking while Peter is lazy.Tom always wins the first place in the exams, which suggests that he 2._ ( be ) hardworking. Peter could do better，3._ he doesnt want to work hard.People believe if Peter 4._ (work) as hard as Tom，he would do as well as his brother in his study.At home, their parents make a suggestion that they 5._ (do) the dishes in turn and insist that they 6._ (finish) their homework before playing computer games. But Peter insists that it 7._ (be) also OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework in time. Their mother gives in in the end.One day, when doing his homework, Tom found he made a serious mistake. So, he put the exercisebook aside and used another one. When Peter found the previous exercisebook, he struck out Toms name and signed his name on its cover happily, and handed it in as his own homework the next day.When the teacher told the truth to the twins mother, she kept silent first but her expression suggested that she 8._ ( be ) angry. Later, she shouted at Peter: “How I wish you 9._ (be) as diligent as your brother! Now its time that I 10._ (give) you a good lesson. And I insist that you 11._ (not play) any computer games for a whole month too. Remember to do as I ask you to，12._，you would be forbidden to touch the computer for a year！”“Oh, no! Mom.13._ computer for such a long time, I would die. I would rather you 14._ (ask) me to do the dishes for a month alone.”Peter was upset.“If you 15._ (finish) your homework on time yesterday, you wouldnt be punished now.” said the mother.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】湯姆和彼特雖然長得很像且都很聰明，但學(xué)習(xí)上卻一勤一懶，各不相同，甚至有一次彼特還因偷懶，投機(jī)取巧，鬧出了笑話。1wereas if引導(dǎo)的表語從句是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況，從句謂語用一般過去時(shí)，be一般用were。2issuggests表示“表明，說明”，其后的賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用陳述語氣。3but“本來可以做得更好”與“不愿努力學(xué)”是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用連詞but。4workedif表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)。5(should) do在表示“建議”的suggestion后的同位語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用(should) do。6(should) finish在insist表示“堅(jiān)決要求”時(shí)，其后的賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用“(should)動(dòng)詞原形”。7is該句的insists表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”，其賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用陳述語氣。8wassuggested表示“表明，說明”，其賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用陳述語氣。9were在表示愿望的wish后的賓語從句，其賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去式表示現(xiàn)在的愿望。10gave或should give在Its time that句型的that從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)或“should動(dòng)詞原形”。11(should) not play句中insist表示“堅(jiān)決要求”，其賓語從句的謂語用“(should)動(dòng)詞原形”。12or/otherwise由后面句中的謂語would be可知，前面用or或otherwise(否則)來表示虛擬條件。13Without由后面的would die可知，填without表示虛擬條件。14asked在would rather后的從句中，用一般過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)怼?5had finished表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況，虛擬條件句的謂語用過去完成時(shí)。第二課時(shí)寫作增分課虛擬語氣在寫作中的增分點(diǎn)一、使用“虛擬語氣”表達(dá)“愿望”1我多么希望我能更聰明一些，精力更充沛一些。(how I wish, more intelligent, more energetic) _2要是我上初中時(shí)沒把時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在看小說上該多好啊。(if only, waste time in doing, read novels, in junior high school) _How I wish I were more intelligent and more energetic.If only I hadnt wasted the time in reading novels when I was in junior high school.3是該你盡最大努力來趕上別人的時(shí)候了。(its high time that, catch up with others) _4我想你明天還是不來的好。(I would rather) _5他在課堂上如此昏昏欲睡，好像他幾天都沒睡過覺一樣。(sleepy, in class, as if) _Its high time that you tried/should try your best to catch up with others.I would rather you didnt come tomorrow.He was so sleepy in class as if he hadnt slept a wink for several days.6我感到如此惡心。我希望母親沒有逼我吃那么多。(sick, wish, force) _二、在寫作中巧妙運(yùn)用虛擬條件句1如果當(dāng)時(shí)我身上錢足夠的話，我就把那本書買下來了。(have enough money with me) _2如果明天下雨，野餐將會(huì)取消。(put off, until next week；條件句用三種方法翻譯) _I feel so sick.I wish Mum hadnt forced me to eat so much.If I had enough money with me at that time, I would have bought the book.If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, the picnic would be cancelled.3如果你過去學(xué)英語方法正確的話，你的英語現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)這么糟。(learn English in the right way, so bad) _ _4如果計(jì)劃有變化，我會(huì)立即通知你。(should there be, change, the plan, inform, immediately) _5要是你再早一點(diǎn)兒來的話，你就不會(huì)受到懲罰了。(had you, punish) _ _If you had learned English in the right way, it wouldnt be so bad now./Had you learned English in the right way，it wouldnt be so bad now.Should there be any change about the plan, I would inform you immediately.Had you come earlier, you wouldnt have been punished./If you had come earlier，you wouldnt have been punished.三、學(xué)會(huì)熟練使用含蓄條件句1在競賽中他本可以得金牌，但他卻在比賽開始時(shí)就摔倒了。(win a gold medal, but, fall over) _2如果沒有電，生活對(duì)于許多人來說將是痛苦的。(without, miserable) _He could have won a gold medal, but he fell over immediately the race began.Without electricity, life would be miserable for many people.3路上堵車了，要不然我早就到了。(be caught in, otherwise, be here earlier) _4要不是你的幫助，我在作文競賽中就得不了一等獎(jiǎng)。(but for, the first prize, the English Writing Competition) _I was caught in the traffic jam; otherwise I would have come here earlier.But for your help, I wouldnt have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition.四、用“(should)動(dòng)詞原形”來表達(dá)“想讓某人做某事”1他堅(jiān)持說他從來沒有見過那支鋼筆，并堅(jiān)持要她道歉。(insist, make an apology) _2醫(yī)生臉上吃驚的表情表明我母親的病很嚴(yán)重，醫(yī)生建議她馬上動(dòng)手術(shù)。(the surprised look, suggest, illness, serious, be operated on) _ _He insisted that he had never seen the pen and insisted she make an apology.The surprised look on the doctors face suggested that my mothers illness was serious and he suggested she be operated on at once.3要求每個(gè)學(xué)生在聽報(bào)告時(shí)要記筆記。(request, take notes, while) _4我們催促政府馬上采取行動(dòng)。(urge, the government, take measures) _It is requested that every student take notes while listening to the report.We urge that the government take measures at once.