英語定語從句一定語從句的理解： 定語概念：_劃出下列定語 a tall building the book on the desk anything important the girl in red 如果定語_，便稱為定語從句。 I know the girl. The girl is in red. (兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句) I know the girl who is in red. （定語從句） 被修飾的詞是_。這個(gè)詞就稱為先行詞。 其中連接兩個(gè)句子的是_，稱為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞在從句中指代先行詞，并在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，觀察上句，關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)_。 附：關(guān)系詞與先行詞的關(guān)系： 關(guān)系詞和先行詞密切相關(guān)，因?yàn)殛P(guān)系詞用來指代先行詞，并且在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分。 定語從句中常用的關(guān)系詞有： 關(guān)系代詞 _ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中可充當(dāng)_，_或_； 關(guān)系副詞 _ (表示時(shí)間) _ (表示地點(diǎn)) _ (表示原因) 關(guān)系副詞在從句中充當(dāng)狀語。 結(jié)論：關(guān)系詞常有三個(gè)作用：1、_ 2、_ 3、_一、將下列句子譯成漢語。.1. Who that knows him wants to make friends with him?2. What else was there in my brother that you didnt like?3. He lives in the room whose window faces to the south.4. He lives in the room, the window of which faces to the south.5. This is Mr. John for whose son I brought a book yesterday.6. This is Mr. John for whom I bought a book yesterday.7. This is the hour when the place is always full of women and children.8. And there is one point that Id like your advice.9. Winter is the time of year that the days are short and nights are long.10. I hope you will find this valley，a beautiful place where you may spend your weekend.11. This is the doctor who saved the boys life.12. The man who is running is my uncle.13. I like the music that I can sing along with.14. The woman who lives next door is a teacher.二按關(guān)系詞種類學(xué)習(xí) （一）關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 關(guān)系代詞一覽表 關(guān)系詞所做成分例句練習(xí)一1. This is the man _ helped me.2. The doctor _ you are looking for is in the room.5. The building _ stands near the river is our school.6. This is the book _ you want.7. The room in _ there is a machine is a workshop.8. This is the boy _ broke the window. 9. The letter _ I received was from my father.練習(xí)二Whose的用法3. Do you know the man _ name is Wang Yu?4. Do you see the house _ windows are all broken?1. Ive got a cat _hair is yellow2. .He is my English teacher . His son is our classmate _練習(xí)三1. The boys who football are from the country.A. are playing B is playing C plays D to play2. At last, the man handed everything he had stolen to the police.A which B what C that D who3. This is the most interesting journey I have ever heard of.A. which B who C that D whom4. He is a singer who his own lyrics.A write B writes C. writing D to write5. This is the boy broke my window.A. which B what C who D whom注：that的用法 (1) 只能用that而不用which作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況 (a) 在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, all等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。 Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. All that is needed is a supply of oil.(b) 先行詞有the only, the very, the last, just修飾時(shí)，只用that。 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 這正是我想買的字典。 c) 先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只用that,不能用which。. He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個(gè)通過考試的人。 This is the best book that I have ever read. 這是我讀過的最好的書。 (d) 先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。 I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. ( e) 主句的主語是疑問詞who /which時(shí) Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰？ Who that break the window should be punished誰打碎了窗戶都要受到懲罰 (2) 不用that的情況 (a) 在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)。 The necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday. Tom came back, which made us happy. (錯(cuò))The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. (b) 介詞后不能用。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)一 閱讀下列句子，用who/that/which/whom填空。 1. I have a brother _ likes soccer.2. Tom doesnt like movies _are too long and too scary.3. We prefer groups_ play loud and energetic songs.4.He likes friends _ often help each other.5. I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.6. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.7. My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old.8. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.9. Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.10. Is there anything _ you want to buy in the town.11. All _ we can do is to study hard.12. The first one _ stands up is a little boy.二 選擇填空1.Whoistheman_wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?Oh!ItsMr.Baker,ourmathteacher.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which2.Ihatethepeople_donthelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where3.Theforeigner_visitedourschoolisfromCanada.A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whom4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which5.Theletter_Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that6.Whereisthescientist_gaveusthetalkyesterday?HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity.A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which7.Ihatepeople_talkmuchbutdolittle. A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who8.Doyouknowaboy_sisterisanurseinahospital? A.whoB.thatC.whomD.whose9.Isthereanything_Icandoforyou? A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it10.Youaretheonlyone_advicehemightlistento. A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.whatever11 .Theman_coatisblackiswaitingatthegate.A.whosB.whoseC.thatD.ofwhich12 . The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada.A. which B. when C. who D. whom 13 . George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which 14.Whatdoyouthinkoftheschooluniforms?Verygood.Ilikeclothes_makemefeelcomfortable. A.thatB.whatC.who15.Isthereanything_toyou?A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.thatbelongD.whichbelongs16 .Nowmanypeoplesmokeandgetill.Soweshoulddosomething_canhelpstopsmoking.A.whatB.whoC./D.that5.Thisistheplace_Ihaveevervisited.A.thereB.whenC.whereD.which6.Nobodyknowsthereason_shedidntcometothemeeting.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when7.Themoonisaworld_thereisnolife.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why8.Hehasforgottentheday_hearrived.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which9.Hestillremembersthedays_hespentwithyourfamily.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich10.Mr.White,_carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which11.Thisisthehouse_Iwanttobuy.A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.where12.Thisisthehouse_ourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where13.Hedidnttellmetheplace_hewasborn.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where14.Helivedinasmallvillage,_wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when16.Whereisthescientist_gaveusthetalkyesterday?HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity.A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which17.Ihatepeople_talkmuchbutdolittle.A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who18.Doyouknowaboy_sisterisanurseinahospital?A.whoB.thatC.whomD.whose19.Isthereashopnearhere_wecanbuyvegetablesandfruits?A.whichB.whenC.whoD.where20.Thepark,_wevisitedyesterday,isverynice.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when21.Isthereanything_Icandoforyou?A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it22.Thatisthereason_hecametoseeyou.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.forwhich23.Someoftheroadswereflooded,_madeourjourneymoredifficult.A.whichB.itC.whatD.that24.Youaretheonlyone_advicehemightlistento.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.whatever25.Theman_coatisblackiswaitingatthegate.A.whosB.whoseC.thatD.ofwhich3. The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada.A. which B. when C. who D. whom 4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which （二）關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 關(guān)系詞所做成分例句基本用法關(guān)系副詞起連接主句和從句的作用，又在從句中作狀語，when, where和why分別表示時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)和原因。1. when 在從句中作時(shí)間狀語。常用on which, in which, at which, during which等代替。 e.g. April the first is the day when people make fun of others. =April the first is the day _ people make fun of others.2. where 在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。常可由in which, on which, at which, on which等取代。 e.g. This is the house where he lived two years ago. =This is the house _ he lived two years ago.3. why why在定語從句中作原因狀語?？捎胒or which代替。why不可引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，此時(shí)可用for which代替。 e.g. This is the reason why he went away. =This is the reason _he went away.（二）關(guān)系副詞?？捎谩敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)改寫這里的關(guān)系代詞只限于which和whom，例如 I will never forget the night when I met you for the first time.=I will never forget the night _I met you for the first time. This is the house in which I lived two years ago.=This is the house _ I lived two years ago. We dont know the reason for which he suddenly fell ill.=We dont know the reason _ he suddenly fell ill.注意：并不是所有的介詞+關(guān)系代詞的結(jié)構(gòu)都可用關(guān)系副詞替代。e.g. I am very impressed by the way in which he works. 這里in which 代表的是in the way, 在句中作方式狀語。只有當(dāng)介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)作表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因的狀語時(shí)，才能相應(yīng)地用when, where和why代替。（三）如何判斷是用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞這本質(zhì)上取決于關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。前者充?dāng)主語、賓語、表語或定語，后者充當(dāng)狀語。試比較下面兩組句子： This is the factory that/which produces radios.This is the factory where radios are produced.第一句中劃線部分在從句中作_語，故而應(yīng)選用關(guān)系代詞：The factory produces radios. 而第二句中劃線部分在從句中作_語故而應(yīng)選用關(guān)系副詞：Radios are produced in the factory. Do you remember the days (that) we spent together?Do you remember the days when we worked together?第一句中關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語：We spent the days together. 而第二句中關(guān)系副詞作時(shí)間狀語：We worked together during the days. 四、判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的方法： 1. 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面沒有賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。 判斷下列句子的對(duì)錯(cuò)（ ） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（ ） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（ ） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.（ ） Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.2. 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也就能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one三使用定語從句需要注意的問題： （1）關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞常省去。 如：The play（which）I watched just now had been on twice on Channel （2） 當(dāng)定語從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時(shí)，who， that， which可省略，但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。 如：This is the house (that/ which )we lived in last year. = This is the house in which we lived last year. Please tell me the person (who/ whom) you borrowed the English novel from. = Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel. 三、跟蹤練習(xí) （一） 用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞將下列每組兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合成一個(gè)復(fù)合句。 1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago. 2. The old man is a professor. He will give us a talk tomorrow. 3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there. 4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day. 6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us. 7. The man was my uncle. The man waved to us. 8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me the book last week. 9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science. 10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.（二） 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空 1. The house _ we live in is very big. 2. The boy _ is wearing the black jacket is very clever. 3. This is the present _ he gave me for my birthday. 4. The man _ talked to you just now is an engineer. 5. He talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited. 6. There is nothing in the world _ can frighten him. 7. She wears a gold ring, _ is very uncommon in our class. 8. We visited a factory _ makes toys for children. 9. Is this the place _ your father once lived? 10. Ill never forget the days _ I joined the League. 11. He likes to read books _ are written by foreign writers. 12. Those _ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow. 13. The professor _ you are waiting for has come. 14. Football is a game _is liked by most boys. 15. Well go to hear the famous singer _ we have often talked. 16. The season_ comes after spring is summer. 三）單項(xiàng)填空 基礎(chǔ)選擇 1. Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher? Oh! Its Mr. Baker, our math teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. which 2. I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where 3. The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada.A. which B. when C. who D. whom 4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which 5. This is the place _I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. where D. which 6. Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting. A. that B. which C. why D. when 7. The moon is a world _ there is no life. A. that B. which C. where D. why 8. He has forgotten the day _ he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which 9. He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family. A. when B. where C. that D. on which 10. Mr. White, _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman. A. who B. that C. whose D. which家庭作業(yè)Part 2 中考鏈接1. Last summer I went to Lu Xuns hometown and visited the house _ he was born. A that B there C which D where2. Last summer I went to Lu Xuns hometown and visited the house _ he was born in.A that B there C in which D where3. Have you read the book _ I gave you yesterday? A that B when C where D who4. The book _ cover is blue cost me 20 yuan. A which B that C whose D where5. Shaolin Temple(少林寺) _ lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad. A where B which C who D what*6. Australia is the most beautiful country _ I have ever visited. A which B that C where D what7. The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue. A. which B. thatC. /D. it8. The factory _ Mr. Li used to work was closed last week. A. when B. whereC. thatD. which9. Do you still remember the day _ we first met? A. that B. whenC . what D. on that *10. I will never forget the years _ I spent in China. A. that B when C where D in whichLets do more exercises.v 1. The hotel _ we stayed last week is very comfortable.v 2. The hotel _ lies beside the river is very comfortable.v 3.This is the house _ I worked two years ago.v 4. This is the house _ I visited two years ago.v 5. Ill never forget the day _ I spent with my grandparents.v 6. That was the year _ I went to America. Part 3 合并句子。1. The film was very interesting. I saw the film last night The film _ was very interesting.2. I met a man this morning. The man is my teacherThe man _ is my teacher.3. I wont forget the small town. I was born in the town.I wont forget the small town _.I wont forget the small town _.4. John still remember the days. He studied in Guangzhou on the days.John still remember the days _.John still remember the days _.5. Ill never forget the days . I spent the days with my grandparents. Ill never forget the days _.