第第 28 講講 應(yīng)用文應(yīng)用文 應(yīng)用文應(yīng)用文(practical writing)包括書信、日記、便條、通知、講演稿、履歷表、新聞報(bào)道、電子郵件等。通常應(yīng)用文都較簡短，它有自己的固定格式，有些應(yīng)用文連措辭都是相對固定的，如：欠條、請柬等。應(yīng)用文重在應(yīng)用、力求平實(shí)、準(zhǔn)確簡潔。 ?？紤?yīng)用文分類解讀： 一、書信書信寫作常用句型1)信件開頭常用語寫信給他人Im writing to tell you about the discussion (the lecture/ meeting/ activity) we (our class/ our school) held yesterday.Im writing to ask if you can come next week. 回信給他人Your letter came to me this morning. I have received your letter of July 20th. Thank you for your letter. 2)信件常用結(jié)束語 Please remember me to your whole family. Wish you a pleasant journey. Wish you success. /Wish you the best of health. Looking forward to your next visit to China. Looking forward to the pleasure of meeting you. Looking forward to your early reply. Expecting to hear from you as soon as possible. Hoping to hear from you soon. Your early reply will be highly appreciated. With best regards to your family. With love and good wishes. Best wishes/regards!【范文賞析】Dear Jeff， Im Li Hua from Beijing Hongxing School. Im very happy to learn that youre going to stay with my family while youre in Beijing.While you are here, well provide you with a room of your own with a bed, a desk, a couple of chairs and a TV. Youll also have your own bathroom. Our school is quite close to our home, so we could go to school together by bike. At noon well eat at the school dining hall. Im sure youll like the deliciousChinese food there, and enjoy talking with friends over lunch. Classes in our school usually finish at 4：00 in the afternoon. You can then join other students in playing games or swimming. It will be a lot of fun. If you have any questions or requests, please let me know. Well try our best to make your stay here in Beijing a pleasant experience. Best wishes. Yours， Li Hua二、日記日記是用以記敘一天生活中所見、所聞、所做或所想的事情。寫日記時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1格式：英文日記和中文日記的寫法大致相同。一般是第一行寫上日期、星期、天氣狀況。日期通常頂格寫，后面是星期，天氣狀況寫在右上角。表示天氣情況的詞一般用形容詞，如： fine, cold, rainy, windy, cloudy, sunny, snowy, foggy等。正文部分另起一行。2人稱：日記要用第一人稱寫。3時(shí)態(tài)：所記敘的事情通常發(fā)生在過去，所以常用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。但如果要記敘天氣、描寫景色、展望未來、議論某事或?qū)υ捯Z等，可以使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)，以生動再現(xiàn)當(dāng)時(shí)的情景?！痉段馁p析】March 15th Monday Windy This evening I went to Li Jiangs birthday party. We sang and danced. We had a good time at the party.When I left Li Jiangs house, it began to rain. It was late. I had to walk home. A motorbike ran by me very fast. It hit a boy at the crossing. But the motorbike didnt stop. It ran away.I felt very angry. I wrote down its number: FD 2819. I telephoned the police at once. Then I sent the boy to the hospital.三、通知在英語里，通知有書面通知和口頭通知兩種。書面通知又叫通告或布告。它是上級組織對下級組織、單位對成員部署工作、傳達(dá)事情或召開會議所使用的一種應(yīng)用文。【書面通知】書面通知的用詞比較正式。一般由標(biāo)題、正文和結(jié)尾三部分組成。為了醒目起見，通知正文上方的中央位置往往寫上Notice或NOTICE。然后在標(biāo)題下方一至兩行處寫通知的內(nèi)容，這是通知的主體內(nèi)容，要求寫得言簡意賅，對通知的對象、事情、時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)等應(yīng)交代清楚，要求明確。接著在正文的右下方寫發(fā)通知的單位或負(fù)責(zé)人姓名。在正文的左下方，低于寫發(fā)通知單位一兩行處頂格寫通知日期(也可以寫在右上角)?！痉段馁p析】Boys and girls， May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make. The Students Union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening, July 13, to welcome our friends from the United States. The party will be held in the roof garden of the Main Building. It will begin at 7：30 pm. There will be music, dancing, singing, games andexchange of gifts. You may bring along a small gift for this purpose. Remember to wrap it up, sign your name and write a few words of good wishes. Dont forget: 7：30, Saturday evening, roof garden, Main Building. Its sure to be a lot of fun. Everybody is welcome. Thats all.Thank you! (2011天津卷)假設(shè)你是晨光中學(xué)學(xué)生會主席李華。你校將于6月26日接待來自于美國某中學(xué)的學(xué)生訪問團(tuán)。你受學(xué)校委托，負(fù)責(zé)安排在津的一日活動。請根據(jù)以下提示，用英語給該團(tuán)的領(lǐng)隊(duì)Smith 先生寫一封電子郵件，介紹活動計(jì)劃并簡要說明理由，最后征求對方意見。上午與我校學(xué)生座談(話題如校園生活、文化差異等)；中午與我校學(xué)生共同進(jìn)餐(午餐包括餃子、面條等)；下午與我校學(xué)生游覽海河。 注意：注意： 1. 詞數(shù)不少于100； 2. 可適當(dāng)加入細(xì)節(jié)，以使內(nèi)容充實(shí)、行文連貫； 3. 信的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 參考詞匯： 海河 the Haihe River Dear Mr Smith， I am Li Hua, chairman of the Students Union, from C h e n g u a n g H i g h S c h o o l . _Yours sincerely， Li Hua One possible version：Dear Mr Smith， I am Li Hua, chairman of the Students Union, from Chenguang High School. Were very glad to know youll come to our school on June 26th, and now its my pleasure to introduce our schedule to you.In the morning, youll have a talk with the students of our school. The topic includes school life, the difference between Chinese culture and American culture.Next, well have lunch together at jiaozi，noodles. After that, together with us students, youll have a trip to the Haihe River in the afternoon. Thats the plan for your visit. If you have any other question, please let me know. Best wishes to you.Yours sincerely， Li Hua 該篇書面表達(dá)要求考生寫一封電子郵件。現(xiàn)在日常生活中人們之間的相互交流常采用電子郵件形式，因此它成為高考英語作文常見的考查形式之一也就不足為奇了，體現(xiàn)了考查學(xué)生在生活中運(yùn)用英語的能力。一般來講，郵件的抬頭和落款都會給出，考生最需要把握的還是對郵件正文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行表述的基礎(chǔ)語言運(yùn)用能力。 就像本篇文章，必須向?qū)Ψ浇淮宄L問團(tuán)的活動計(jì)劃安排。但是，在陳述計(jì)劃安排的過程中，考生要避免一個(gè)個(gè)要點(diǎn)的機(jī)械羅列，不能太拘泥于中文提示所給的句式，要靈活組織句式并用好過渡性詞語。最后，記得用上信件常用結(jié)束語，如“Best wishes to you.” 之類的句子。