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Module 2 No Drugs,漫畫(huà)欣賞,畫(huà)面描述,A young man is running toward the end of a race，sweating all over.The end line leaves a deep impression on us，for it is both “finish line” and “starting line” if we look at it from a different angle.,寓意理解,Achievement calls for celebration.But life is just like an endless race.An ambitious person will well realize that his success is the starting point for a new race.,重 點(diǎn) 單 詞,1．a(chǎn)ddictive adj.使人上癮的；(藥物等)上癮的；上了……的癮 The problem with video games is that they’re addictive. 電子游戲的問(wèn)題在于它們會(huì)使人上癮。[劍橋高階] Smoking can be addictive. 吸煙容易上癮。,你能否對(duì)此加以擴(kuò)展，寫(xiě)一篇120詞左右的小短文？,【思維拓展】 addiction n．(藥物等的)上癮；沉溺，熱衷，專(zhuān)心heroin addiction海 洛因毒癮 addict vt.使沉迷，使沉溺，使上癮(常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) be addicted to.沉迷于……，對(duì)……上癮 be/become addictive to.沉迷于……，對(duì)……上癮 【溫馨提示】 (1)和addicted/addiction連用的to是介詞，其后要跟名詞、代詞、動(dòng) 名詞作賓語(yǔ)。 (2)addicted不能作定語(yǔ)，可作表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)是有行為 能力的人或動(dòng)物。 addictive可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，被修飾語(yǔ)通常是事 物；作表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，主語(yǔ)一般也是事物。,即景活用,①Once one is _____ to cocaine cigarette，it’s not easy for him to kick it off. A．a(chǎn)ttracted B．a(chǎn)bsorbed C．devoted D．a(chǎn)ddicted 解析：句意：“一個(gè)人一旦對(duì)可卡因煙上癮，就不容易戒掉?！笨疾閎e addicted to.對(duì)……上癮。 答案：D 2．reduce vt.減少，縮小；降低；使……陷入某種更壞的狀態(tài) We bought a television that was reduced(form ￡500 to ￡350)in the sales. 我們?cè)诖鬁p價(jià)時(shí)，以(從500英鎊減至350英鎊)很便宜的價(jià)格買(mǎi)了臺(tái)電 視。[劍橋高階] The fire reduced the forest to a few trees. 大火把森林燒得僅剩下幾棵樹(shù)。,【用法點(diǎn)睛】 reduce表示“減少，降低”時(shí)，常接介詞from.to/by等表示“從 ……降低到……；降低了……”；表示“使……陷入某種更壞的 狀態(tài)”時(shí)，構(gòu)成“reduce sb./sth. to.”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中to為介詞，后接 名詞或動(dòng)名詞。 reduce sb. to tears/silence使某人流淚/沉默 reduce sb. to doing sth.迫使某人做某事 【特別提示】 increase與by連用表示“增加了多少”；與to連用則表示“增加到 多少”。 reduce是increase的反義詞。與by連用表示“減少了多少”；與to連 用則表示“減少到多少”。,即景活用,漢譯英 ②今年吸煙的人數(shù)已減少了30%。 The number of smokers has been reduced by 30%. ③現(xiàn)在一輛自行車(chē)的成本已降低到50美元。 Now the cost of a bike has been reduced to 50 dollars. ④大雨過(guò)后，那河里的水上漲了20厘米。 After the heavy rain the water in the river increased by 20 centimetres. ⑤那小村莊的人口已經(jīng)增加到2 000人。 The population of the village has increased to 2,000. 3．likely adj.可能的 It’s quite likely that we’ll be in Spain this time next year. 明年的這個(gè)時(shí)候我們很可能會(huì)在西班牙。[劍橋高階] She’s very likely to ring me tonight. 她很有可能今晚打電話給我。,,,,,【輕巧辨析】 possible/probable/likely (1)possible：強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上有可能，但也常常暗示“實(shí)際上希望很小”，常 用句型為“It is possible for sb. to do sth.或It is possible＋that從句”。(注： 作表語(yǔ)時(shí)不能用人作主語(yǔ)。) (2)probable：主要用來(lái)指有根據(jù)、合情理、值得相信的事物,帶有“大概， 很可能”的意味，語(yǔ)氣較possible強(qiáng)。常用的句式為：It is probable＋that 從句。(注：作表語(yǔ)時(shí)不用人或不定式作主語(yǔ)。) (3)likely：與probable意思相近。(既可用人也可用物作主語(yǔ)。),即景活用,用possible，probable，likely填空 ⑥It is entirely possible for us to fulfill the task ahead of schedule. ⑦It is possible，though not probable，that he will accept these terms. ⑧You are likely young people. 4．disagree vi.不同意；不一致；不適宜；不適合 Few people would disagree that something should be done to reduce the level of crime in the area. 很少有人會(huì)不同意應(yīng)采取行動(dòng)減少該地區(qū)的犯罪。[劍橋高階] I disagree with you about this. 對(duì)于這件事我跟你意見(jiàn)不同。,,,,【思維拓展】 disagree with.與……不一致；不符合 disagree with sb. on/about sth.(對(duì)某事)與某人意見(jiàn)不一致 sth. disagree with sb.(氣候、食物)(對(duì)人)不適合 agree with sb.同意某人(某人的話) agree to同意……(同意他人的觀點(diǎn)、計(jì)劃等) agree on同意……(就……達(dá)成一致) agreement n．一致；同意；協(xié)定；協(xié)議,即景活用,⑨In general，we always share the same opinion，but this time he _______ me on that point. A．disagreed with B．disagreed to C．a(chǎn)gree with D．a(chǎn)gree to 解析：句意為：大體上，我們總是觀點(diǎn)相同，但這一次關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)我們 看法不同。 答案：A,5．a(chǎn)ffect vt.影響；感動(dòng)；(疾病)侵襲 The entire country was affected by the drought. 全國(guó)都受到了旱災(zāi)的影響。 All the people in the room were affected to tears. 屋里所有的人都被感動(dòng)得流下了眼淚。 It’s a disease which affects mainly older people. 這是一種主要侵?jǐn)_老年人的疾病。[劍橋高階] 【思維拓展】 be affected by被……侵襲；被……感動(dòng) be affected by heat中暑 be affected with high fever發(fā)高燒 affection n．愛(ài)情；感情,【輕巧辨析】 affect/effect/influence 三個(gè)詞都有“影響”的意思。 (1)affect指“產(chǎn)生的影響之大足以引起反應(yīng)”，著重“影響”的動(dòng)作， 有時(shí)含有“對(duì)……產(chǎn)生不利影響”的意思。 (2)effect作“影響”講時(shí)，通常用作名詞，構(gòu)成have an effect on“對(duì) ……有影響”。 effect作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，指“使(某事物)產(chǎn)生；使發(fā)生；引起”，著重“造成” 一種特殊的效果，如 This book effected a change in my opinion.這本書(shū)使我的看法起了變化。 (3)influence指“通過(guò)說(shuō)服、舉例等對(duì)行動(dòng)、思想、性格等產(chǎn)生不易覺(jué)察 到的、潛移默化的影響”。,即景活用,⑩What you have done will not have ________ your fame. A．a(chǎn) good effect on B．a(chǎn)ffected C．a(chǎn) good affect in D．effected 解析：句意為“你所做的事將不會(huì)對(duì)你的名聲有好的影響”。what you have done為主語(yǔ)從句,have a good effect on表示“對(duì)……有好的影響”。 答案：A,經(jīng) 典 短 語(yǔ),1．a(chǎn)s a result由于……，結(jié)果…… Profits have declined as a result of the recent drop in sales. 由于最近銷(xiāo)售量滑坡，利潤(rùn)下降了。[劍橋高階] He didn’t study hard and as a result，he failed in the exam. 他不努力學(xué)習(xí)，結(jié)果考試不及格。,【思維拓展】 as a result of(because of)由于……，因?yàn)椤?result from起因于，由于，由……引起 result in以……為結(jié)果，導(dǎo)致 without result徒勞，毫無(wú)結(jié)果 with the result that為此，因此 【用法點(diǎn)睛】 as a result “因此，結(jié)果”，副詞短語(yǔ)，常作狀語(yǔ)，使用時(shí)其前常有 一個(gè)表示原因的句子。 as a result of由于/因?yàn)椤木壒?相當(dāng)于because of),即景活用,?The pain in his back ________ from a fall several years ago. A．dates B．ends C．results D．is due 解析：句意為：“他背部的疼痛是由于幾年前的跌傷。”result from是固 定搭配，意為“由于；因?yàn)椤保籦e due to表示原因，而不是be due from。 答案：C 2．used to過(guò)去常常 She used to love cats but one attacked her and she doesn’t like them anymore. 她過(guò)去很喜歡貓，但自從被一只貓襲擊過(guò)后，就再也不喜歡貓了。 [劍橋高階] He used to come to see me once a month. 他過(guò)去每月來(lái)看我一次。,【溫馨提示】 (1)否定式。used to do sth.的否定式有兩種形式： used not(usedn’t)to do sth.＝didn’t use to do sth. He didn’t use to (usedn’t to) like country music，but now he is getting interested. (2)疑問(wèn)式。used to do sth.的疑問(wèn)式也有兩種形式。其簡(jiǎn)短回答中的to通 常不予省略，但動(dòng)詞原形常被省略。 Did＋sb.(主語(yǔ))＋use to do sth.？Used＋sb.(主語(yǔ))＋to do sth.? Did he use to play basketball? Used he to play basketball? 【輕巧辨析】 used to do sth./be used to do sth./be used to sth.(doing sth.) (1)used to do sth.意為“過(guò)去經(jīng)常做某事(但現(xiàn)在已不如此)”，其中的to 是不定式符號(hào)，后接動(dòng)詞原形。 (2)be used to do sth.被用來(lái)做…… (3)be used to sth./doing sth.習(xí)慣于……,【特別提醒】 used to do表示過(guò)去常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，同時(shí)隱含“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng) 改變”的意思。would do sth.表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生,現(xiàn)在也可能經(jīng)常發(fā)生， 只能與動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞連用。 I used to live in the countryside.我過(guò)去常住在農(nóng)村。 She would say “No pains，no gains” when she was a teacher. 當(dāng)她是一位老師時(shí)，她常說(shuō)：“不勞無(wú)獲”,即景活用,漢譯英 ?他已習(xí)慣早起。 He is used to getting up early. ?他以前不常喝酒。 He didn’t use to drink/He used not to drink.,,,?我現(xiàn)在不抽煙，以前是抽的。 I don’t smoke these days，but I used to. ?勸他只是白費(fèi)力氣的。 It’s no use advising him. 3．break into破門(mén)而入，強(qiáng)行闖入；突然……起來(lái) My car’s been broken into twice this month. 這個(gè)月我車(chē)上的東西兩次被盜。[劍橋高階] As the president’s car arrived，the crowd broke into loud applause. 當(dāng)總統(tǒng)的汽車(chē)到達(dá)時(shí)，人群中爆發(fā)出了熱烈的掌聲。 【輕巧辨析】 break into與break in都有“闖入”之意，但break into是及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)， 后需要加賓語(yǔ),而break in為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。另外break into還有“突 然，一下子……”之意，和burst into類(lèi)似，而break in還表示“插嘴， 插進(jìn)來(lái)說(shuō)”等意思。,,,【思維拓展】 break構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)你還知道哪些？ break away from脫離(政黨等)，打破(陳套等) break down出毛病，不運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；垮掉；失?。皇狗纸?break the law犯法 break off中斷，折斷，突然停止 break out突發(fā)，爆發(fā) break up打碎，破碎，分裂 break with與……絕交，結(jié)束,即景活用,?Shall we ________ our discussion and have some tea or coffee，please? A．break off B．break down C．break into D．break out 解析：break off停止，中斷。 答案：A,重 要 句 型,1．Whatever you’re doing when you want to smoke—do something else！ 當(dāng)你想抽煙時(shí)，無(wú)論你在做什么，停下來(lái)去做點(diǎn)其它的事！ whatever在本句是連接代詞，相當(dāng)于no matter what，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 Whatever you will say，I’ll have a try. ＝No matter what you will say，I’ll have a try. 無(wú)論你說(shuō)什么，我都要試一試。 Whatever happens，you mustn’t lose heart. ＝No matter what happens，you mustn’t lose heart. 不管發(fā)生什么，你一定不要?dú)怵H。,【特別提醒】 wherever，whenever，whoever，however都可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 Whoever phones，tell him I’m out. 無(wú)論誰(shuí)打電話來(lái)都說(shuō)我出去了。 Whichever day you come，we’ll be pleased to see you. 不論你哪天來(lái)，我們都?xì)g迎。 However you do it，it will take at least two days. 無(wú)論你怎么做，都得兩天的時(shí)間。 Wherever you go，I’ll go with you. 無(wú)論你去哪里，我都跟著你。,即景活用,用whatever，however與no matter what填空 ? Whatever I have is at your service. ? However hard he works，he can’t satisfy the boss. ? No matter what happens，keep calm. 2．It was such loud music that we couldn’t hear ourselves speak. 音樂(lè)聲太大我們聽(tīng)不見(jiàn)自己說(shuō)話。 such.that.“如此……以致……”可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。 It was such fine weather that we all wanted to go swimming. 天氣這么好以致我們都想去游泳。 It was such a loud song that we couldn’t hear ourselves. 這首歌太吵了，我們都聽(tīng)不見(jiàn)自己的聲音了。,,,,【輕巧辨析】 so.that/such.that (1)such為形容詞，一般用來(lái)修飾名詞，常構(gòu)成如下結(jié)構(gòu)： such ＋that one(no，any，all，many，some，several等)＋such＋可數(shù)名詞＋that從句 (2)so.that.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，其意思為“如此……以至于……”。 so是副詞，后跟形容詞或副詞，常構(gòu)成如下結(jié)構(gòu)： so ＋that,+a/an+adj.+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 +adj.+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞,+adj./adv. +many/few+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +adj.+a(n)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 +much/little+不可數(shù)名詞,【特別提醒】 so/such.that.句型中，當(dāng)so/such置于句首時(shí)，句子要用倒裝，即 把助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前。 So tired was he that he fell asleep as soon as he lay down. 他太累了，以至于一躺下就睡著了。,即景活用,?It is ________ work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it. A．a(chǎn) so unusual B．such an unusual C．so unusual D．such unusual 解析：本題考查such/so.that.結(jié)構(gòu)和work(作品；藝術(shù)品)的用法。用 so應(yīng)為“so unusual a work of art”；用such應(yīng)為“such an unusual work of art”，故選B項(xiàng)。 答案：B,3．I couldn’t agree more.我完全同意。 “can’t/couldn’t.＋比較級(jí)”表示“非常……”，不能再……(表達(dá) 最高級(jí)的含義)是肯定意思，上句意思相當(dāng)于“I completely agree.”。 在這個(gè)句型中，more前加any，可以用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。 His work can’t be worse.他干的活真是糟透了。 I couldn’t feel happier.我高興極了。 They couldn’t have done it any better.他們做得非常好。,即景活用,—Go for a picnic this weekend，OK? —________.I love getting close to nature. A．I couldn’t agree more B．I’m afraid not C．I believe not D．I don’t think so 解析：句意：“周末去野餐，好嗎？”“我再同意不過(guò)了，我喜歡走 進(jìn)大自然?！笨疾楸容^級(jí)的否定式，表最高級(jí)。 答案：A,高 考 經(jīng) 典 解 讀,【例1】 The Great Wall is ________ tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.(2009·上海，28) A．so a well-known B．a(chǎn) so well-known C．such well-known a D．such a well-known 【解題方法指導(dǎo)】 考查so/such.that結(jié)構(gòu)。在so/such.that結(jié)構(gòu)中，so可以 用“so＋adj.＋a(n)＋單數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，而such則用“such＋a(n)＋adj.＋單 數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。 答案：D,教材原文對(duì)照,It was such loud music that we couldn’t hear ourselves speak. (P16),【例2】 A notice was ________ in order to remind the students of the changed lecture time. A．sent up B．given up C．set up D．put up 【解題方法指導(dǎo)】 本題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：張貼通知是為了提醒 同學(xué)們演講時(shí)間的變動(dòng)。put up張貼，建立；send up發(fā)射，發(fā)出；give up放棄，停止；set up創(chuàng)立，建立。 答案：D,教材原文對(duì)照,The government put up the price of cigarettes in order to stop people buying them. (P14),閱讀理解題型攻略——主旨題 主旨題主要考查學(xué)生把握全文主題和理解中心思想的能力。這類(lèi)題目主要考查基本論點(diǎn)、文章標(biāo)題、主題或段落大意等。旨在考查考生是否掌握了所讀文章的主要內(nèi)容或主旨。 主旨?xì)w納題題型通常有三種，一種是提問(wèn)全文的中心思想、主旨大意，題干中通常有main idea，subject等；另一種是給全文加標(biāo)題，就是最適合的題目是什么，題干中通常有topic，title等；第三種情況是提問(wèn)purpose?，F(xiàn)將高考閱讀理解主旨大意題，根據(jù)題干形式列舉如下： (1)Main(ly)型：考查學(xué)生選擇表達(dá)作者思想、觀點(diǎn)的句子。常見(jiàn)題型如： ①What is this passage mainly about? ②What is the text mainly about? ③What is mainly discussed in the text? ④What is the passage mainly about? ⑤The text is mainly about ________. ⑥The main idea of the passage is that ________. ⑦What is the main idea of this passage?,(2)Title型：要求考生選出概括文章主題的標(biāo)題(title)、主題(subject)或論題(topic)等。常見(jiàn)題型如： ①What would be the best title for the text? ②What is the best title for the passage? ③Which of the following would be the best title for the text？ ④Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? (3)Purpose型：主要考查作者的寫(xiě)作目的。常見(jiàn)題型如： ①What is the purpose of the text? ②What is the main purpose of the text? ③The main purpose of Steve Minear’s writing is ________.,做主旨?xì)w納題應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題 1．如果首段首句是疑問(wèn)句或是單獨(dú)的一個(gè)句子，此句一般是全文的中 心思想。 2．如果首段以舉例的形式出現(xiàn)，中心思想一般在第二段。 3．主題的概括應(yīng)有“度”，既不能過(guò)于籠統(tǒng)，也不能以偏概全，更不 能是無(wú)關(guān)內(nèi)容。 【典例1】 It’s not easy being a teenager(13至19歲青少年)—nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager.You can make your child feel angry，hurt，or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself.It is important to give your child the space he needs to grow while gently letting him know that you’ll still be there for him when he needs you.,Expect a lot from your child，just not everything.Except for health and safety problems，such as drug use or careless driving，consider everything else open to discussion.If your child is unwilling to discuss something，don’t insist he tell you what’s on his mind.The more you insist，the more likely that he’ll clam_up.Instead，let him attempt to solve(解決)things by himself.At the same time，remind him that you’re always there for him should he seek advice or help.Show respect for your teenager’s privacy(隱私)．Never read his mail or listen in on personal conversations. Teach your teenager that the family phone is for the whole family.If your child talks on the family’s telephone for too long，tell him he can talk for 15 minutes，but then he must stay off the phone for at least an equal period of time.This not only frees up the line so that other family members can make and receive calls，but teaches your teenager moderation(節(jié)制)①.Or if you are open to the idea，allow your teenager his own phone that he pays for with his own pocket money or a part-time job. (2009·全國(guó)Ⅰ，D篇),【注】 ①這不僅騰出了電話，以便讓其他家庭成員都能使用，也教會(huì)了家里的青少年節(jié)制。 該句為復(fù)合句。not only.but(also)．，不僅，還/也……；so that引起目的狀語(yǔ)從句。free up，“騰出，空出”。 The main purpose of the text is to tell parents________. A.how to get along with a teenager B．how to respect a teenager C．how to understand a teenager D．how to help a teenager grow up 答案：D 點(diǎn)撥：主旨大意題。本文是一篇議論文，給父母提供了教育孩子方面 的建議：尊重孩子隱私，教會(huì)孩子節(jié)制。 第一段最后一句即主題句，再通讀全文可以確定本文主旨是幫助青少 年成長(zhǎng)，故選D項(xiàng)。,【典例2】 I love charity(慈善)shops and so do lots of other people in Britain because you find quite a few of them on every high street.The charity shop is a British institution，selling everything from clothes to electric goods，all at very good prices.You can get things you won’t find in the shops anymore.The thing I like best about them is that your money is going to a good cause and not into the pockets of profit-driven companies，and you are not damaging the planet，but finding a new home for unwanted goods. The first charity shop was opened in 1947 by Oxfam.The famous charity’s appeal to aid postwar Greece had been so successful that it had been flooded with donations(捐贈(zèng)物)．They decided to set up a shop to sell some of these donations to raise money for that appeal.Now there are over 7,000 charity shops in the UK.My favourite charity shop in my hometown is the Red Cross shop，where I always find children’s books，all 10 or 20 pence each.,Most of the people working in the charity shops are volunteers，although there is often a manager who gets paid.Over 90% of the goods in the charity shops are donated by the public.Every morning you see bags of unwanted items outside the front of shops，although they don’t encourage this，rather ask people to bring things in when the shop is open. The shops have very low running costs：all profits go to charity work.Charity shops raise more than $100 million a year,funding(幫助) medical research，overseas aid，supporting sick and poor children，homeless and disabled people，and much more.What better place to spend your money？You get something special for a very good price and a good moral sense.You provide funds to a good cause and tread lightly on the environment.,43．Which of the following may be the best title for the passage? A．What to Buy at Charity Shops B．Charity Shop：Its Origin &Development C．Charity Shop：Where You Buy to Donate D．The Public’s Concern about Charity Shops 解析：主旨大意題。文章第一句點(diǎn)明主題，下文對(duì)慈善店做了進(jìn)一步 的解釋,介紹了慈善店的經(jīng)營(yíng)和管理等。所以B項(xiàng)最能概括本文主題。 答案：B,同學(xué)們,來(lái)學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來(lái)學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,